scholarly journals NIILISMO REPAGINADO?

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 869
Author(s):  
Cynthia Mara Miranda ◽  
Sonielson Luciano De Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Central Place ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Human Dimension ◽  
Classical Greece ◽  
Scientific Dispute ◽  
Occupy Central

O corpo é objeto de disputa política, religiosa, artística e, mais recentemente, científica. Neste sentido, este ensaio trás uma linha histórica apontando como o tema é encarado, bem como delineando o conjunto de significados, mitos e interditos relacionados ao corpo. No processo, tendo por bases autores da filosofia e sociologia clássicas de diferentes épocas, aponta para a possibilidade de uma retomada do niilismo, na busca de um ideal de corpo. Isso porque, ao se utilizar de técnicas ascéticas, os sujeitos envoltos na dinâmica dão uma dimensão sagrada ao corpo, além de negar certos aspectos da vida, como a decrepitude e a impermanência, condições inalienáveis à dimensão humana. De acordo com a proposta do ensaio e baseado em diversos autores, o corpo volta a ocupar lugar central na sociedade – como já ocorreu na Grécia Clássica –, só que agora esvaziado de sua dimensão política e social.   PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Corpo; niilismo; fotografía; ensaio.     ABSTRACT The body is the object of political, religious, artistic and, more recently, scientific dispute. In this sense, this essay draws a historical line pointing out how the theme is viewed, as well as delineating the set of meanings, myths and interdicts related to the body. In the process, based on classical philosophical and sociological authors of different epochs, it points to the possibility of a resumption of nihilism in the search for an ideal of the body. This is because, when using ascetic techniques, the subjects involved in the dynamics give a sacred dimension to the body, besides denying certain aspects of life, such as decrepitude and impermanence, conditions inalienable to the human dimension. According to the proposal of the essay and based on several authors, the body returns to occupy central place in the society - as already occurred in Classical Greece -, but now emptied of its political and social dimension.   KEYWORDS: Body; nihilism; photography; essay.     RESUMEN El cuerpo es objeto de disputa política, religiosa, artística y, más recientemente, científica. En este sentido, este ensayo tras una línea histórica apuntando como el tema es encarado, así como delineando el conjunto de significados, mitos e interditos relacionados al cuerpo. En el proceso, teniendo por bases autores de la filosofía y sociología clásicas de diferentes épocas, apunta a la posibilidad de una retomada del nihilismo, en la búsqueda de un ideal de cuerpo. Por eso, cuando se utilizan técnicas ascéticas, los sujetos envueltos en la dinámica dan una dimensión sagrada al cuerpo, además de negar ciertos aspectos de la vida, como la decrepitud y la impermanencia, condiciones inalienables a la dimensión humana. De acuerdo con la propuesta del ensayo y basado en diversos autores, el cuerpo vuelve a ocupar un lugar central en la sociedad -como ya ocurrió en la Grecia Clásica-, sólo que ahora vaciado de su dimensión política y social.   PALABRAS CLAVES: Cuerpo; niilismo; fotografia; ensayo.

The Sober Bacchae: Dance as Phenomenal Limitation in Nietzsche

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Monique Lyle
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Specific Function ◽  
Alain Badiou ◽  
Classical Greece ◽  
Birth Of Tragedy

This essay seeks to dispel entrenched critical opinion regarding dance across Nietzsche's writings as representative of Dionysian intoxication alone. Taking as its prompt the riposte of Alain Badiou, ‘Nietzsche is miles away from any doctrine of dance as a primitive ecstasy’ and ‘dance is in no way the liberated bodily impulse, the wild energy of the body’, the essay uncovers the ties between dance and Apollo in the Nietzschean theory of art while qualifying dance's relation to Dionysus. Primarily through an analysis of The Dionysiac World View and The Birth of Tragedy, the essay seeks to illuminate enigmatic statements about dance in Nietzsche (‘in dance the greatest strength is only potential, although it is betrayed by the suppleness of movement’ and ‘dance is the preservation of orderly measure’). It does this through an elucidation of the specific function of dance in Nietzsche's interpretation of classical Greece; via an assessment of the difficulties associated with the Nietzschean understanding of the bacchanal; and lastly through an analysis of Nietzsche's characterization of dance as a symbol. The essay culminates in a discussion of dance's ties to Nietzschean life affirmation; here the themes of physico-phenomenal existence, joy and illusion in Nietzsche are surveyed.

Death and the Discourse of the Body

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-330
Author(s):  
Suhita Chopra Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Western Culture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Human Dimension ◽  
Indian Science ◽  
Different Cultures

A meaningful discourse on death needs to take into account the various ways in which the body is “constructed” in different cultures. Biomedicine, which is rooted in western culture, places a great deal of importance on the body and this creates an anxiety over death. In contrast, the Indian science of medicine draws heavily from an ancient philosophical tradition in which metaphysical ideas about the soul have contributed to the relative insignificance of the body. Both disease and death have been understood in meta-body terms and there is a cultural embrace of death rather than its denial. The article concludes by suggesting the need to move away from sheer biological essentialism in understanding the human dimension of death in different cultures.

Body Image Satisfaction and its Relationship to the Reasons Why Young Women  are Undergoing Cosmetic Surgery from their Perspectives: الرضا عن صورة الجسد وعلاقته بأسباب إقبال الشابات على إجراء عمليات التجميل من وجهة نظرهن

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (46) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Fahad Joudeh, Suhaila Mahmood Banat
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Body Image Satisfaction ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
The Social

This study aimed to reveal the level of satisfaction of the body image and its relationship to the reasons why young women are undergoing cosmetic surgery from their perspectives. The sample of the study consisted of (150) young women who visit private beauty clinic. Two scales were developed: a scale of the level of satisfaction of body image consisting of (34) item and a scale of the reasons of why young women are undergoing cosmetic surgery consisting of (39) item. After insured the scales' validity and reliability, the descriptive-correlational approach was used. The results of the study showed that the level of body image was moderate, and for the reasons of why young women are undergoing cosmetic surgery; the psychological dimension came in the first rank, While the vocational dimension came in the last rank. The results also found a positive correlation between body image satisfaction and the reasons why young women are undergoing cosmetic surgery. The results did not show differences in the level of satisfaction of the body image to the variable of marital status and economic level. While the results showed dissatisfaction with the body image due to age in favor of the category (31-40) and the educational qualification in favor of a diploma degree and below. As for the reasons for the young women undergoing cosmetic surgery, it was found that there were no statistically significant differences in the marital status and educational qualification variables, also, there were differences due to age only on the social dimension and in favor of (31 - 40), and there were differences attributed to the economic level in the social dimension in favor of the category (500-1000). Considering the results, the researcher recommended reinforcing the body image through nurture and guidance to raise the level of satisfaction with body image and to conduct more surveys, qualitative, and experimental studies related to cosmetic surgery other than the target category in this study, and for both sexes.

scholarly journals The loss of flight in ant workers enabled an evolutionary redesign of the thorax for ground labour

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Peeters ◽  
Roberto A. Keller ◽  
Adam Khalife ◽  
Georg Fischer ◽  
Julian Katzke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Place ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
The Body ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Muscle Adaptations ◽  
Flight Muscles ◽  
Heavy Loads ◽  
Ecological Dominance ◽  
Worker Caste ◽  
Cuticular Structures

Abstract Background Explanations for the ecological dominance of ants generally focus on the benefits of division of labour and cooperation during foraging. However, the principal innovation of ants relative to their wasp ancestors was the evolution of a new phenotype: a wingless worker caste optimized for ground labour. Ant workers are famous for their ability to lift and carry heavy loads, but we know surprisingly little about the morphological basis of their strength. Here we examine the consequences of the universal loss of flight in ant workers on skeletomuscular adaptations in the thorax for enhanced foraging on six legs. Results Using X-ray microcomputed tomography and 3D segmentation, we compared winged queens and wingless workers in Euponera sikorae (subfamily Ponerinae) and Cataglyphis savignyi (subfamily Formicinae). Workers are characterized by five major changes to their thorax: i) fusion of the articulated flight thorax (queens) into a rigid box optimized to support the muscles that operate the head, legs and abdomen, ii) redesign of internal cuticular structures for better bracing and muscle attachment, iii) substantial enlargement of the neck muscles for suspending and moving the head, iv) lengthening of the external trochanter muscles, predominant for the leg actions that lift the body off the ground, v) modified angle of the petiole muscles that are key for flexion of the abdomen. We measured volumes and pennation angles for a few key muscles to assess their increased efficacy. Our comparisons of additional workers across five genera in subfamilies Dorylinae and Myrmicinae show these modifications in the wingless thorax to be consistent. In contrast, a mutillid wasp showed a different pattern of muscle adaptations as a result of the lack of wing muscles. Conclusions Rather than simply a subtraction of costly flight muscles, we propose the ant worker thorax evolved into a power core underlying stronger mandibles, legs, and sting. This contrasts with solitary flightless insects where the lack of central place foraging generated distinct selective pressures for rearranging the thorax. Stronger emphasis is needed on innovations of social insects as individuals at the phenotypic level to further our understanding of the evolution of social behaviours.

Medicine

Buddhism ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Pierce Salguero
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Central Place ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Islamic Medicine ◽  
Wide Range

Knowledge about physical health and disease has held a central place within Buddhist thought, and healing has remained a persistent part of Buddhist practice since the earliest times. Though there is no universally agreed-upon term, Buddhist perspectives on health, disease, healers, patients, and therapies are typically spoken of by East Asian scholars and devotees as “Buddhist medicine” (Ch. foyi佛醫 or fojiao yixue佛教醫學, Jp. bukkyō igaku仏教医学), and this terminology is used here as a convenient shorthand for a complex topic. The earliest expressions of medical doctrine in Indian Buddhist texts are closely related to ideas found in Āyurveda and have suggestive similarities with other Eurasian medical systems (including Hippocratic, Galenic, and Islamic medicine) as well. Integrated into Buddhist philosophy, meditation, and ritual, these core doctrines and perspectives were influential in India and China, and they came to be spread as far as Iran, Mongolia, Japan, and Indonesia. Healer-monks and monastic medical institutions played a major role in this dissemination, as did the large-scale translation of texts concerning a wide range of Buddhist medical topics. In the early 21st century, many of the ideas and practices imported from India continue to lie at the foundation of traditions of medicine in Tibet, Nepal, Thailand, Sri Lanka, and other parts of Buddhist Asia. At the same time that Buddhist medicine can be understood as a transnational or cross-cultural phenomenon, however, it has always been reinterpreted locally through the lenses of the many cultures that have adopted it. Historians working on Buddhist medicine have thus focused both on the transmission of medical knowledge to new cultures and societies, as well as on the unique ideological and rhetorical uses of Buddhism by medical practitioners in many specific historical and modern settings. Social scientists have studied the degree to which Buddhist values continue to inform health policy in Asian countries and the complexities of the relationship between Buddhism and biomedicine. This article includes a selective range of scholarship on the history and modern relationship between Buddhism and medicine, with a focus on the former. Scientific studies on the health benefits of meditation, health policy advocacy, and works of a nonscholarly nature geared toward practitioners and devotees are excluded. Also omitted are topics tangential to matters of physical health, such as mental health, conceptions of the body, bioethics, the science of meditation, and so forth. Many publications of all of the above types are available and are covered in other Oxford Bibliographies in Buddhism articles, such as “Buddhism in Psychology and Psychotherapy,” “Buddhism and the Body,” and “Meditation.”

We owe ourselves to debt: Classical Greece, Athens in crisis, and the body as battlefield

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris Plantzos
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Politics ◽  
Classical Greece ◽  
The Past ◽  
Greek Crisis ◽  
Crisis Discourse ◽  
Public Economy

Since 2009, Greece has been hit by a severe economic recession followed by harsh austerity policies, gradual impoverishment, and ultimately social collapse. This article investigates the cultural landscape of the so-called ‘Greek crisis’, focusing on Athens, the nation’s capital, and the ways the crisis discourse employs biopolitical technologies of dispossession and displacement in order to generate an intensified breed of body-politics. The article’s main case study is documenta 14, a blockbuster exhibition of contemporary art organized in Athens in 2017, seemingly elaborating on the ideas of debt – classical and modern – though in fact promoting neoliberal approaches to public economy and life. The idea of ‘classical debt’, the article concludes, continuously reiterated by both Greece’s defenders as well as its most unforgiving critics, rather than acting as an emancipatory force, ends up producing a public consisting of silent bodies, trapped in highly romanticized discourses of the past and ultimately unable to defend themselves. This tension, however, also provokes narratives and gestures made of contradictions and ambiguity, difficult to map and monitor according to established research protocols.

scholarly journals The loss of flight in ant workers enabled an evolutionary redesign of the thorax for ground labour

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Peeters ◽  
Roberto A. Keller ◽  
Adam Khalife ◽  
Georg Fischer ◽  
Julian Katzke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Place ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
The Body ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Muscle Adaptations ◽  
Flight Muscles ◽  
Heavy Loads ◽  
Ecological Dominance ◽  
Worker Caste ◽  
Cuticular Structures

Abstract Background Explanations for the ecological dominance of ants generally focus on the benefits of division of labour and cooperation during foraging. However, the principal innovation of ants relative to their wasp ancestors was the evolution of a new phenotype: a wingless worker caste optimized for ground labour. Ant workers are famous for their ability to lift and carry heavy loads, but we know surprisingly little about the morphological basis of their strength. Here we examine the consequences of the universal loss of flight in ant workers on skeletomuscular adaptations in the thorax for enhanced foraging on six legs. Results Using X-ray microcomputed tomography and 3D segmentation, we compared winged queens and wingless workers in Euponera sikorae (subfamily Ponerinae) and Cataglyphis savignyi (subfamily Formicinae). Workers are characterized by five major changes to their thorax: i) fusion of the articulated flight thorax (queens) into a rigid box optimized to support the muscles that operate the head, legs and abdomen, ii) redesign of internal cuticular structures for better bracing and muscle attachment, iii) substantial enlargement of the neck muscles for suspending and moving the head, iv) lengthening of the external trochanter muscles, predominant for the leg actions that lift the body off the ground, v) modified angle of the petiole muscles that are key for flexion of the abdomen. We measured volumes and pennation angles for a few key muscles to assess their increased efficacy. Our comparisons of additional workers across five genera in subfamilies Dorylinae and Myrmicinae show these modifications in the wingless thorax to be consistent. In contrast, a mutillid wasp showed a different pattern of muscle adaptations resulting from the lack of wing muscles. Conclusions Rather than simply a subtraction of costly flight muscles, we propose the ant worker thorax evolved into a power core underlying stronger mandibles, legs, and sting. This contrasts with solitary flightless insects where the lack of central place foraging generated distinct selective pressures for rearranging the thorax. Stronger emphasis is needed on morphological innovations of social insects to further our understanding of the evolution of social behaviours.

A Comparison between Brain Death and Unstable Life: Shi'ite Perspective

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Nazari Tavakkoli
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Definition Of Death ◽  
Advanced Medical Technology ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Successful Transplantation

Death comes to us all. It is a reality that grips us all because we become separated from our loved ones. In all cultures, there is the hope that when death comes, it will be swift and will allow us to depart without prolonged suffering. There is also a social dimension to this inevitable event in human life: we hope that our death will not force hardship on family and friends, making them pay both financially and emotionally due to an uncertain condition that is created by a lingering spirit that does not sever its ties to the body. It is at such moments that we realize the importance of having a clear definition of death.Brain death as a way of measuring when death comes is an issue that has recently been under scrutiny throughout the world of medicine, but it has also been hotly debated in Islamic jurisprudence as well. Thanks to advanced medical technology, it has now become possible to transplant body organs of a person suffering from brain death into the body of a needy ill person, but for the most part, successful transplantation must take place before the emergence of traditional death symptoms. Physicians and ethicists have struggled with the difficulty in offering a medical definition for brain death. The question that has arisen for Muslim jurists is whether, from the point of view of Islamic jurisprudence, someone suffering from brain death should be considered as dead for purposes of permitting transplantation of organs, or whether Muslims must treat a brain-dead patient as a living person from a legal and ethical perspective.

scholarly journals Teaching Kathak in France: The Interdisciplinary “Milieu”

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malini Ranganathan ◽  
Monique Loquet
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Central Place ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pedagogical Practices ◽  
Objects Of Knowledge ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
And Training

This article approaches the idea of interdisciplinarity as an aspect of the globalization of pedagogical practices through the teaching of kathak dance in France. Our study positions itself in a didactic research program that tackles the question of interdisciplinarity under the theoretical angle of joint action between teacher and students (Ranganathan 2004; Ranganathan and Petrefalvi 2007; Sensevy and Mercier 2007; Loquet, Roncin, and Roesslé 2007; Loquet 2007). In this program, “didactics” is defined as the science whose object of study covers educational, teaching, and training practices. Our contribution to this program concerns the field of knowledge related to the body, in particular in sports and artistic activities (Loquet 2006). The ambition of research in didactics currently taking place in France is to show that the teacher's action cannot be treated in a unilateral way, independent of the student's action, just as the interactions between teacher and student cannot be set apart from the objects of knowledge that unite them. In this model, we grant a central place to the concept of “milieu,” seen in a general way as the space where the teacher and the students interact.

scholarly journals INCORPORAÇÃO: QUANDO O CORPO É O TEMPLO

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Gisele Cristina Laranjeira ◽  
Ana Maria Galrão Rios
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Recurrent Event ◽  
Human Dimension ◽  
Material World ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
The Temple

O fenômeno da incorporação é um evento recorrente em diversas religiões, e consagrado nas religiões espíritas como uma forma legítima de conexão entre o mundo material e o plano espiritual. Este artigo busca discutir o papel simbólico do corpo do médium incorporante nesse processo, que transporta o divino (e também seu oposto) para a materialidade da dimensão humana. INCORPORATION: WHEN THE BODY IS THE TEMPLE The incorporation phenomenon is a recurrent event at various religions, and it is consecrated in spiritualist religions as a legitim connection between material world and spiritual world. This article intends to discuss the symbolic role of the medium of incorporation’s body in this process, which takes the divine (and its opposite) to a material and human dimension.

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