scholarly journals Expressions of genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes and their role in prostate carcinogenesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Bartosz A. Frycz ◽  
Paweł P. Jagodziński
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Steroidogenic Enzymes ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Local Synthesis ◽  
Prostate Carcinogenesis ◽  
Genes Encoding

The concentration of sex steroid hormones in the prostate gland is controlled by their local synthesis and metabolism. These processes involve steroid metabolizing (steroidogenic) enzymes, which are necessary to produce the active form of androgens and estrogens at specific locations. Changes in gene expression of the steroid metabolizing enzymes may play an important role in prostate carcinogenesis by regulating sex steroid concentration in the prostate gland. The purpose of this review is to gather the most important reports connected with gene expression of the steroidogenic enzymes and to find correlations between gene expression and tumorigenesis in the prostate gland.

scholarly journals NDT80 and the Meiotic Recombination Checkpoint Regulate Expression of Middle Sporulation-Specific Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5750-5761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley R. Hepworth ◽  
Helena Friesen ◽  
Jacqueline Segall
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Subsequent Generation ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Recombination Checkpoint ◽  
Sporulation Genes ◽  
Meiosis I

ABSTRACT Distinct classes of sporulation-specific genes are sequentially expressed during the process of spore formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The transition from expression of early meiotic genes to expression of middle sporulation-specific genes occurs at about the time that cells exit from pachytene and form the meiosis I spindle. To identify genes encoding potential regulators of middle sporulation-specific gene expression, we screened for mutants that expressed early meiotic genes but failed to express middle sporulation-specific genes. We identified mutant alleles ofRPD3, SIN3, and NDT80 in this screen. Rpd3p, a histone deacetylase, and Sin3p are global modulators of gene expression. Ndt80p promotes entry into the meiotic divisions. We found that entry into the meiotic divisions was not required for activation of middle sporulation genes; these genes were efficiently expressed in a clb1 clb3 clb4 strain, which fails to enter the meiotic divisions due to reduced Clb-dependent activation of Cdc28p kinase. In contrast, middle sporulation genes were not expressed in a dmc1 strain, which fails to enter the meiotic divisions because a defect in meiotic recombination leads to aRAD17-dependent checkpoint arrest. Expression of middle sporulation genes, as well as entry into the meiotic divisions, was restored to a dmc1 strain by mutation of RAD17. Our studies also revealed that NDT80 was a temporally distinct, pre-middle sporulation gene and that its expression was reduced, but not abolished, on mutation of DMC1,RPD3, SIN3, or NDT80 itself. In summary, our data indicate that Ndt80p is required for expression of middle sporulation genes and that the activity of Ndt80p is controlled by the meiotic recombination checkpoint. Thus, middle genes are expressed only on completion of meiotic recombination and subsequent generation of an active form of Ndt80p.

Expression of steroidogenic enzymes and synthesis of sex steroid hormones from DHEA in skeletal muscle of rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (2) ◽  
pp. E577-E584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuji Aizawa ◽  
Motoyuki Iemitsu ◽  
Seiji Maeda ◽  
Subrina Jesmin ◽  
Takeshi Otsuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Steroidogenic Enzymes

The functional importance of sex steroid hormones (testosterone and estrogens), derived from extragonadal tissues, has recently gained significant appreciation. Circulating dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is peripherally taken up and converted to testosterone by 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) and 17β-HSD, and testosterone in turn is irreversibly converted to estrogens by aromatase cytochrome P-450 (P450arom). Although sex steroid hormones have been implicated in skeletal muscle regulation and adaptation, it is unclear whether skeletal muscles have a local steroidogenic enzymatic machinery capable of metabolizing circulating DHEA. Thus, here, we investigate whether the three key steroidogenic enzymes (3β-HSD, 17β-HSD, and P450arom) are present in the skeletal muscle and are capable of generating sex steroid hormones. Consistent with our hypothesis, the present study demonstrates mRNA and protein expression of these enzymes in the skeletal muscle cells of rats both in vivo and in culture (in vitro). Importantly, we also show an intracellular formation of testosterone and estradiol from DHEA or testosterone in cultured muscle cells in a dose-dependent manner. These findings are novel and important in that they provide the first evidence showing that skeletal muscles are capable of locally synthesizing sex steroid hormones from circulating DHEA or testosterone.

scholarly journals Vitamin D as a regulator of steroidogenic enzymes

F1000Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Lundqvist
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Steroidogenic Enzymes ◽  
Adrenal Steroid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sexual Characteristics

During the last decades, the outlook on vitamin D has widened, from being a vitamin solely involved in bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis, to being a multifunctional hormone known to affect a broad range of physiological processes. The aim of this review is to summarize the research on vitamin D as a regulator of steroidogenic enzymes. Steroid hormones exert a wide range of physiological responses, including functions in the immune system, protein and carbohydrate metabolism, water and salt balance, reproductive system and development of sexual characteristics. The balance of sex hormones is also of importance in the context of breast and prostate cancer. Steroid hormones are synthesized in steroidogenic tissues such as the adrenal cortex, breast, ovaries, prostate and testis, either from cholesterol or from steroidogenic precursors secreted from other steroidogenic tissues. The hormonally active form of vitamin D has been reported to act as a regulator of a number of enzymes involved in the regulation of steroid hormon production, and thereby the production of both adrenal steroid hormones and sex hormones. The research reviewed in the article has in large part been performed in cell culture based experiments and laboratory animal experiments, and the physiological role of the vitamin D mediated regulation of steroidogenic enzyme need to be further investigated.

scholarly journals Vitellogenin Gene Expression and Sex Steroid Levels as Biomarkers in Yellowfin Seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) Exposed to Bisphenol-A

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Ahmad Negintaji ◽  
◽  
Alireza Safahieh ◽  
Hosein Zolgharnein ◽  
Soheila Matroodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Acanthopagrus Latus

Background: The egg yolk precursor protein vitellogenin (VTG) has proven to be a useful biomarker, used to identify organisms exposed to estrogenic compounds. Methods: We investigated variations in the VTG gene expression pattern and plasma sex steroid hormones concentrations in the yellowfin Seabream, Acanthopagrus latus, (A. latus) by various doses of bisphenol-A (BPA) exposure for 7 and 14 days. We developed a quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the expression of VTG gene in A. latus. The dose-response pattern of VTG gene expression in A. latus exposed to various doses of BPA was characterized. In order to design RT-PCR primers specific to A. latus VTG, a partial sequence of the VTG gene was obtained. Results: The RT-PCR assay was effective in detecting increased VTG gene expression in A. latus exposed to BPA. It also demonstrated that the VTG expression was affected by BPA in a dose and time-dependent manner. Plasma testosterone (T) levels were decreased in the treated fish in comparison with those found in the control group, when they were exposed to 100 µg/g of BPA and 2 µg/g of E2. In contrast, the plasma levels of 17β-estradiol (E2) were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: The results suggest that VTG mRNA quantification can provide a sensitive and early signal in the detection of estrogens in marine wildlife. It also indicated that BPA could lead to an imbalance of sex steroid hormones with potentially harmful consequences on sexually immature male A. latus.

scholarly journals Gene expression changes in the rat frontal cortex caused by sex steroid hormones

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gogos Andrea ◽  
Udawela Madhara ◽  
Sun Jeehae ◽  
Dean Brian ◽  
Scarr Elizabeth
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Rat Frontal Cortex

Regulation of flavin-containing mono-oxygenase (Fmo3) gene expression by steroids in mice and humans

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Esposito ◽  
Bruno Varriale ◽  
Rosalia D’Angelo ◽  
Aldo Amato ◽  
Antonina Sidoti
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Affected Individual ◽  
Drug Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Genetic Form

AbstractFlavin-containing mono-oxygenases (FMOs) are a family of microsomal chemical- and drug-metabolizing enzymes. FMO3 is a major FMO form in adult mouse and human liver. FMO3 mutations have been associated with the incidence and severity of trimethylaminuria (TMAU), a metabolic disorder characterized by the inability of the affected individual to metabolize the odorous trimethylamine to its non-odorous N-oxide. In addition to this primary genetic form, there are other forms of TMAU that support the hypothesis that FMO3 activity may be modulated by steroid hormones. To understand the molecular mechanism involved in the regulation of

scholarly journals In Vivo and in Vitro ob Gene Expression and Leptin Secretion in Rat Adipocytes: Evidence for a Regional Specific Regulation by Sex Steroid Hormones

Endocrinology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 1567-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Machinal ◽  
Marie-Noelle Dieudonne ◽  
Marie-Christine Leneveu ◽  
Rene Pecquery ◽  
Yves Giudicelli
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Ob Gene ◽  
Rat Adipocytes ◽  
Specific Regulation
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document