INDONESIAN ULAMA AND THEIR ACADEMIC AND DA'WA CONTRIBUTION IN THE ISLAMIC WORLD IN THE 19TH CENTURY

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-220
Author(s):  
Imawan Dzulkifli Hadi
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The 19Th Century

Jamal Al-Din Al-Afghani And The Egyptian National Debate

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudi Matthee
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Debate ◽  
New Information ◽  
Western Imperialism ◽  
Historical Image ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Recent Attention

A remarkable man in his own lifetime, Jamal al-Din al-Afghani became a legend after his death.1 For many people, Afghani evokes an image that combines the medieval ideal of the cosmopolitan Islamic scholar with the romantic aura of the 19th-century revolutionary. Since the late 1960s, Afghani has been the object of particular attention and controversy in both the West and the Islamic world. Iranian and Western scholars have radically reinterpreted his background and beliefs.2 This reevaluation of Afghani on the basis of new information about him has, however, not been generally accepted in the Islamic world. If anything, recent attention to Afghani's unorthodoxy and possible irreligion has only served to harden his defenders by giving credence to his own statements. Afghani plays an important role in the historical image of Muslim unity and sophistication presented by many Islamic groups and governments in this age of revived panIslamism. His plea for Islamic renewal through solidarity never lost its relevance as a powerful symbol linking the past with hopes for the future. The image of Afghani as the indefatigable fighter against Western imperialism who helped make the Muslim world aware of its distinct identity remains equally as suggestive.

The “Orient” in Florence (19th Century). From Oriental Studies to the Collection of Islamic Art, from a Reconstruction of the “Orient” to the Exotic Dream of the Rising Middle Class

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-31
Author(s):  
Maria Giovanna Stasolla
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Islamic Art ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Applied Arts

Abstract The second half of the 19th Century was in Florence a period of extraordinary and fruitful interest in the oriental world when the philological and oriental studies were promoted. Thanks to the fervour of these studies, in 1878 Florence was designated to host the 4th Congress of the Orientalists. The “Orient” excited curiosity and collecting passion to such an extent that we could argue that the legacy of the magnificent Medicean collecting was inherited by the private middle-classes. Moreover, the new cultural context contributed to transforming the taste, it gave rise to new styles in architecture as well as in decoration and generally in the applied arts. After examining these topics, we will focus our attention on a little known fact that we could describe as the rebuilt “Orient” for entertainment, that is to say the Florentine Carnival in 1886, an event of the “disquieting” exoticism by which Europe represented the Islamic world.

scholarly journals Dunia Islam Abad 19: Penetrasi Kolonial Barat

Al-Risalah ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Maulana Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The North ◽  
Dark Ages ◽  
New Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century

The  world  of  Islam  in  Umayyah  and  Abbasiyyah  Dynasties was in the hand of a single leader, however since the  10th century raised a new development by the presence of new  leaders who was appointed by Khalifah as the vice leader in some  Islamic worlds who were finally became the independent leader.  Also, there were some leaders who against the Abbasiyah Khalifah  and declared themselves as the conquers of Islamic worlds, such as  Umayyah  Dynasty  in  Spain,  Fatimiah  Dynasty  in  the  North  Africa,  and  the  establishments  of  three  well‐known  kingdoms:  Turki Usmani, Safawi, and Mughal in India with its own glory  and victory.  Unfortunately, the victory of Islam began to lose its glow in the  19th century when the Islamic world was politically collapse and  became worse as accordance with the raise of west from the Dark  Ages into light which supports freedom and science that contrast  with the Islamic world in colonialism

Ibn Rushd (Averroës)

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Leaman
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Ibn Rushd ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
European Renaissance

Ibn Rushd is considered by many to be the greatest of the Islamic philosophers within the Peripatetic tradition, and has come to represent the role of reason in the Islamic world in popular culture. He energetically defended philosophy at a time when it was under significant threat. His commentaries went on to have great influence in the Jewish and Christian worlds, where his status as the chief interpreter of Aristotle persisted for a long time. A particular development of his thought in Christian Europe went on to have a radical effect on subsequent culture, and it is no exaggeration to suggest that Ibn Rushd played an important role in what became the European Renaissance and eventually the Enlightenment. He came to play a role eventually in the Nahda, the Arab Renaissance, in the 19th century as a Muslim who combined a commitment to religion with an enthusiasm for reason.

Slogan Back to the al-Quran and Sunnah: Studi atas Gerakan Politik Islam Jamaluddin al-Afghani

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-152
Author(s):  
Syahuri Arsyi
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Western Imperialism ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Islamic Modernism

This article will discuses the Islamic political movements of one the thinker renewal of Islamic modernism in the 19th century, namely is Jamaluddin al-Afghani (1839-1897). This study used historical approach, to understand and explore one's personality by looking at this socio-culture and intellectual background to social impression. This study found, first the political movement’sal-Afghani is very unique and different than another. Her movement  to carried out in the frame of slogan “back to the al-Quran and the Sunnah” as response to the attitude of Muslims that are experiencing deterioration and decline, and a response to western imperialism in the Islamic world. al-Afghanito encourage of Muslims to united in the pan-Islamism. Second, al-Afghani uses the slogan “back to the al-Quran and the Sunnah” in his political movement as well as a spirit for the Muslims to re-ijtihad-sasi against, especially to the concepts of qada’ and qadar which are often misunderstood untill result in Muslims are trapped in an attitude of fatalism and static.

Islamic Curriculum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahraoui Ramdane ◽  
Souad Merah
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Social Alienation ◽  
World Views ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
Islamic Faith ◽  
The 19Th Century

Conceptually, the notions of Islamic education, Islamic curriculum, and the nature of the Islamic faith are inseparable. Islamic curriculum in particular is based on what the Islamic world views as coherent and fixed divine verities, values, and criteria. This complex intertwines with mutable human experiences, mediums of learning, and skills. A Muslim teacher is one who integrates all this and delivers it to learners in order for them to attain the degree of perfection with which Allah is affiliated. In this manner, the Islamic curriculum transcends the limitation of space outlining the pure religious knowledge to embody every useful knowledge. These principles can be considered in their strictly puritan and ideal Islamic terms but may also be expressed in terms of more realistic historical application. There are three main periods of Islamic curriculum: the stage of formation and standardization coeval with Prophet Muhammad’s message and his first four successors (609 ce–661 ce); the stage of diversity in the post-Classical era (661 ce–1450ce), which can be divided into pre-madrasa and madrasa eras; and the stage of regression and reform, which stretches from the 10th century ah (1495ce–1591ce) to the present day. With regard to the latter, a number of historical, cultural, social, and political developments in the Muslim world have contributed to the decline of the Islamic model of learning. By the end of the 19th century efforts were being made to revive and reform the Islamic curriculum. However, this model continues to be plagued by various challenging issues, such as the dualism of curriculum in many parts of the Muslim world, as well as the rigidity, passivity, social alienation, and irrelevancy of present variations of the Islamic curriculum.

Kontroversi Hukum Asuransi: Studi tentang Argumentasi Muṣṭafā Aḥmad Al-Zarqā’ dalam Pembolehan Asuransi

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Hasanudin Hasanudin
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Insurance Law ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Commercial Insurance ◽  
Islamic Legal Theory ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The 19Th Century

Insurance came to the Islamic world around the 19th century AD. As long as the insurance law in Islam is concerned, the contemporary Islamic scholars are divided into three groups. First, scholars who allow it absolutely; secondly, the ulama who forbid it absolutely; and thirdly, scholars who legalize social insurance and forbid commercial insurance. One of the contemporary scholars who justifies insurance is Muṣṭafā Aḥmad al-Zarqā', a prominent Islamic scholar of Ḥanafi from Syria. The findings of this study are that in the perspective of Islamic legal theory the arguments of al-Zarqāʼ can be justified. The theory of Islamic law used by al-Zarqā' in examining insurance is the theory of ijtihad bi ar-ra'y by istiṣḥābī and ta'līl methods. Al-Zarqa' views that insurance is a new contract that does not exist in Islamic jurisprudence. Every Muslim is allowed to create new contracts that have not existed before as long as there is no prohibition against them. Al-Zarqāʼ analogize the insurance with the existing contracts in Islamic jurisprudence, among which is the contract of muwālāh from Hanafite school of law, ḍamān khaṭr al-ṭarīq from Hanafites, al-iltizām wa al-wa’d al-mulzim in Malikites, and al-‘āqilah in Syafi’ites.

scholarly journals الشيخ محمد نووي البنتني الجاوي المكي وجهوده الدعوية في القرن التاسع عشر الميلادي

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
Dzulkifli Hadi Imawan
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Present Generation ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper is about to discuss a scholar of Nusantara in Haramain who has a major role in the development of da’wah and intellectuals in the Islamic world in the 19th century ADthe 19th-20th century AD was the golden age of the scholar of Nusantara in Haramain because of the quantity and quality of those who did not exist before or since. But the traces of their da’wah are not widely known by the present generation like Shaykh Muhammad Nawawi al-Bantani. Therefore, thisstudy will discuss the history of one of Nusantara scholar in Haramain, Shaykh Muhammad Nawawi al-Bantani by taking the focus of his study of dakwah and his intellectual contribution in the Islamic world.The study used is a study of literature on the biography of Haramain scholars, especially the literary sources that discussed Shaykh Nawawi al-Bantani. the results of this study suggest that Shaikh Muhammad Nawawi al-Bantani was a great Haramain scholar who came from the archipelago, and he was well known by the Haramain scholars of his time. he has spent his life to preach both verbally (ta’lim), writings (kitabah), and examples (qudwah) by clinging to al-sunnah waal-jamaah’s manhaj in aqidah, Shafi’s school in Sharia and Sunni tasawuf. From the influence of his da’wah, he has given birth to many great scholars and many helpful Islamic repertoire both materially and intellectually.

Grammatical Descriptions in Manchu Grammar Books from the Qing Dynasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Takashi Takekoshi
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The 19Th Century

In this paper, we analyse features of the grammatical descriptions in Manchu grammar books from the Qing Dynasty. Manchu grammar books exemplify how Chinese scholars gave Chinese names to grammatical concepts in Manchu such as case, conjugation, and derivation which exist in agglutinating languages but not in isolating languages. A thorough examination reveals that Chinese scholarly understanding of Manchu grammar at the time had attained a high degree of sophistication. We conclude that the reason they did not apply modern grammatical concepts until the end of the 19th century was not a lack of ability but because the object of their grammatical descriptions was Chinese, a typical isolating language.

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