The “Orient” in Florence (19th Century). From Oriental Studies to the Collection of Islamic Art, from a Reconstruction of the “Orient” to the Exotic Dream of the Rising Middle Class

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-31
Author(s):  
Maria Giovanna Stasolla
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Islamic Art ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Applied Arts

Abstract The second half of the 19th Century was in Florence a period of extraordinary and fruitful interest in the oriental world when the philological and oriental studies were promoted. Thanks to the fervour of these studies, in 1878 Florence was designated to host the 4th Congress of the Orientalists. The “Orient” excited curiosity and collecting passion to such an extent that we could argue that the legacy of the magnificent Medicean collecting was inherited by the private middle-classes. Moreover, the new cultural context contributed to transforming the taste, it gave rise to new styles in architecture as well as in decoration and generally in the applied arts. After examining these topics, we will focus our attention on a little known fact that we could describe as the rebuilt “Orient” for entertainment, that is to say the Florentine Carnival in 1886, an event of the “disquieting” exoticism by which Europe represented the Islamic world.

Interpreting Multi-text Analysis: Is a Theory of Adaptation Possible?

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-167
Author(s):  
Glen Nichols
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The 19Th Century

The multi-level problems associated with the transformation of dramatic texts from one cultural context to another are examined in this paper, with reference to adaptations of popular European plays made specifically for use by all-male amateur groups in Quebec at the end of the 19th century. Some suggestions are offered concerning the general kinds of information to be gleaned from close multi-text analysis, the specific cultural indicators gatheredfrom this particular study, and the possibility of developing a usable 'theory of adaptation.'

Jamal Al-Din Al-Afghani And The Egyptian National Debate

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudi Matthee
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Debate ◽  
New Information ◽  
Western Imperialism ◽  
Historical Image ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Recent Attention

A remarkable man in his own lifetime, Jamal al-Din al-Afghani became a legend after his death.1 For many people, Afghani evokes an image that combines the medieval ideal of the cosmopolitan Islamic scholar with the romantic aura of the 19th-century revolutionary. Since the late 1960s, Afghani has been the object of particular attention and controversy in both the West and the Islamic world. Iranian and Western scholars have radically reinterpreted his background and beliefs.2 This reevaluation of Afghani on the basis of new information about him has, however, not been generally accepted in the Islamic world. If anything, recent attention to Afghani's unorthodoxy and possible irreligion has only served to harden his defenders by giving credence to his own statements. Afghani plays an important role in the historical image of Muslim unity and sophistication presented by many Islamic groups and governments in this age of revived panIslamism. His plea for Islamic renewal through solidarity never lost its relevance as a powerful symbol linking the past with hopes for the future. The image of Afghani as the indefatigable fighter against Western imperialism who helped make the Muslim world aware of its distinct identity remains equally as suggestive.

On the Rate of Mortality Prevailing amongst the Families of the Peerage during the 19th Century

1861 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 305-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Hutcheson Bailey ◽  
Archibald Day
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
The Law ◽  
The 19Th Century

In a note in the introduction to Milne's Treatise on Annuities, the author remarks—“There can, I think, be no doubt but that the mortality is greater among the higher than the middle classes of society. They form too small a proportion of the population to have any sensible effect here; but it would be of importance to the Life Offices to determine the law of mortality among them.” Since the publication of this work, forty-six years ago, some attempts have been made to test the accuracy of this assertion, and to supply the desideratum; but none with which we are acquainted are by any means conclusive.

Space of Deprivation

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Sumit Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
English Education ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
British Rule ◽  
Representational Space ◽  
The 19Th Century

A much neglected section of the 19th Century imperial bhadrolok population during British rule in India was the Bengali clerk or the kerani. While his English education and caste identity likened him to the middle-class gentleman, his pattern of work, low salary, lack of opportunities for improvement, pushed him closer to the labour class. But was this neglected section of the “bhadrolok” always without his representational space? In this paper, I shall study examples from clerks’ memoirs and from contemporary literature and read them alongside the violently repressive The Clerk’s Manual published in 1889, to see if the clerk was secretly discovering a heterotopia of his own.

scholarly journals Middle Class Women Role in the 19th Century as Reflected in Bronte's Wuthering Heights

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-218
Author(s):  
Desy Nur Indrasari ◽  
Fathu Rahman ◽  
Herawaty Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Wuthering Heights ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Descriptive Method

The aim of this research is to describe middle class women role in the 19th century in Bronte’s novel, Wuthering Heights, and induce a deeper understanding of effect each role on two characters in society. This research is a qualitative descriptive method using sociological approach. By using sociology of literature, a literary work is seen as a document of social. The data of this research collected from the descriptions and utterances of the characters and narrator in the novel. The result in this research shows that the role of women from the middle class were represented by the characters of the novel known as Catherine Earnshaw Linton, the main female protagonist and the motherless child and also Catherine (Cathy) Linton, daughter of Catherine Earnshaw Linton.

scholarly journals ON THE PECULIARITIES OF CHRONOTOPE IN NEW ENGLAND GOTHIC: THE HOUSE OF THE SEVEN GABLES BY NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE AND THE HAUNTING OF HILL HOUSE BY SHIRLEY HARDIE JACKSON

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
El’mira V. Vasil’yeva
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
American Literature ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Nathaniel Hawthorne ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Temporal Isolation ◽  
Gothic Novel ◽  
Parallel Development ◽  
Gothic Novels ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article deals with Mikhail Bakhtin’s term «the chronotope of the castle» analysed on the material of two New England Gothic novels – «The House of the Seven Gables» by Nathaniel Hawthorne and «The Haunting of Hill House» by Shirley Hardie Jackson. The author assumes that chronotope is not just a spacetime characteristic, but a set of motifs – the motive of dark past, the motif of spatial and temporal isolation, and the motif of «sentient» house. All of these motifs were used by classic Gothic novel writers of the 1760s to 1830s, and were as well employed in later quasi-Gothic texts. At the turn of the 19th century, Gothic novel commenced its parallel development in American literature, where it subsequently became one of the national genres. American writers aspired to adapt Gothic poetics to the cultural context of the country. For instance, in New England Gothic fi ction, the chronotope of the castle was transformed into the chronotope of the «bad» house. However, the set of motifs has remained the same: both Hawthorne and Jackson consistently used the motifs, provided by British Gothic fi ction, yet they further explored them and came up with their own interpretations.

Men and Modernity in Porfirian Mexico

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Buffington
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Revolution ◽  
New Era ◽  
Self Help ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Male Honor ◽  
The 19Th Century

The Porfirian era (1876–1911) marked a watershed in social understandings of manhood. New ideas about what it meant to be a man had appeared in Mexico by the middle of the 19th century in the form of self-help manuals intended primarily for middle-class and bourgeois men who sought to distinguish themselves in a post-independence society that had done away with legal distinctions, including aristocratic titles. Marks of distinction included cleanliness, good grooming, moderation, affability, respectability, love of country, and careful attentiveness to the needs and opinions of others, including women, children, and social “inferiors”—an approach that artfully combined longstanding notions of masculine responsibility and authority with modern ideas about self-mastery and citizenship, especially the sublimation of volatile “passions” in all domains of social life. Modern qualities also mapped onto traditional concerns about male honor predicated on the fulfillment of patriarchal duties, especially the control of female dependents. The socially validated, “hegemonic” masculinity produced by this amalgamation of modern and traditional ideas proved burdensome for many middle-class men, who struggled to maintain an always precarious sense of honor or who rejected the constraints it sought to impose on their behavior. For men from less privileged classes, it represented an impossible ideal that they sometimes rejected through the adoption of antisocial “protest” masculinities and often satirized as delusional or unmanly, even as they too came to define their masculinity in relation to a modern/traditional binary. The modern/traditional binary that characterized ideas about masculinity for all sectors of Porfirian society has persisted until the present day, despite the epochal 1910 social revolution that inaugurated a new era in Mexican social relations.

Early Applied Psychology: The Early Days of the IAAP

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helio Carpintero ◽  
Fania Herrero
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Early History ◽  
Applied Psychology ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Objective Methodology

This study presents an approach to the origins of applied psychology, with consideration of the social and cultural context surrounding the development of science in Europe from the end of the 19th century. The second part provides quantitative information on the contents of applied psychology in its early history by looking at the evolution of participation, countries, authors, and subjects at the International Congresses of Applied Psychology from 1921 to 1958. This is done by applying bibliometric analysis objective methodology on the indexes and proceedings volumes.

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