scholarly journals Relieving Dormancy and Improving Germination of Piquín Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum) by Priming Techniques

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Quintero Castellanos ◽  
Oscar Guillen Castillo ◽  
Pablo Delgado Sánchez ◽  
José Marín Sánchez ◽  
Ana Isabel Guzmán Carrasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Negative Effect

The effects of different priming techniques were evaluated to improve the dormancy and germination of wild seeds of “Piquín” chili pepper. Three experiments were designed for pre-sowing treatment of seeds: a) chemical seeds digestion; b) halopriming (with K+ or NH4+ of NO3-, SO42- or Cl-) at different priming times (24, 48 or 72 h) and osmotic potential (-5, -10 or -15 atm) and c) previously selected halopriming (KNO3 and NH4NO3) + Gibberellic acid (GA3, at 100 or 200 ppm) were tested. Digestion treatments did show a negative effect on seed germination. Recommended values of osmotic potential (Ψs), to improve Piquín chili seed germination, must be between -10 and -15 atm (-1.0 and -1.5 MPa) and the priming time must be between 48 and 72 hours. Priming techniques can considerably reduce Capsaicinoids content on seeds, improve dormancy, seed germination performance, and increase the rate and uniformity of seedling establishment. KNO3 and secondly GA3 treatments may improve rapid and uniform germination and seedling emergence. The results provide basic information to develop guidelines for commercial establishment of Piquín pepper crops.

scholarly journals Improving Dormancy and Germination of Piquín Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum) by Priming Techniques

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Quintero Castellanos ◽  
Oscar Guillen Castillo ◽  
Pablo Delgado Sánchez ◽  
José Marín Sánchez ◽  
Ana Isabel Guzmán Carrasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Negative Effect

The effects of different priming techniques were evaluated to improve the dormancy and germination of wild seeds of “Piquín” chili pepper. Three experiments were designed for pre-sowing treatment of seeds: a) chemical seeds digestion; b) halopriming (with K+ or NH4+ of NO3-, SO42- or Cl-) at different priming times (24, 48 or 72 h) and osmotic potential (-5, -10 or -15 atm) and c) previously selected halopriming (KNO3 and NH4NO3) + Gibberellic acid (GA3, at 100 or 200 ppm) were tested. Digestion treatments did show a negative effect on seed germination. Recommended values of osmotic potential (Ψs), to improve Piquín chili seed germination, must be between -10 and -15 atm (-1.0 and -1.5 MPa) and the priming time must be between 48 and 72 hours. Priming techniques can considerably reduce Capsaicinoids content on seeds, improve dormancy, seed germination performance, and increase the rate and uniformity of seedling establishment. KNO3 and secondly GA3 treatments may improve rapid and uniform germination and seedling emergence. The results provide basic information to develop guidelines for commercial establishment of Piquín pepper crops.

scholarly journals Improving Dormancy and Germination of Piquín Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum) by Priming Techniques

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Quintero C ◽  
Oscar Guillen Castillo ◽  
Pablo Delgado Sánchez ◽  
José Marín Sánchez ◽  
Ana Isabel Guzmán Carrasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Negative Effect

The effects of different priming techniques were evaluated to improve the dormancy and germination of wild seeds of “Piquín” chili pepper. Three experiments were designed for pre-sowing treatment of seeds: a) chemical seeds digestion; b) halopriming (with K+ or NH4+ of NO3-, SO42- or Cl-) at different priming times (24, 48 or 72 h) and osmotic potential (-5, -10 or -15 atm) and c) previously selected halopriming (KNO3 and NH4NO3) + Gibberellic acid (GA3, at 100 or 200 ppm) were tested. Digestion treatments did show a negative effect on seed germination. Recommended values of osmotic potential (Ψs), to improve Piquín chili seed germination, must be between -10 and -15 atm (-1.0 and -1.5 MPa) and the priming time must be between 48 and 72 hours. Priming techniques can considerably reduce Capsaicinoids content on seeds, improve dormancy, seed germination performance, and increase the rate and uniformity of seedling establishment. KNO3 and secondly GA3 treatments may improve rapid and uniform germination and seedling emergence. The results provide basic information to develop guidelines for commercial establishment of Piquín pepper crops.

Germination, Emergence, and Seedling Establishment of Buffalo Gourd (Cucurbita foetidissima)

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Horak ◽  
Jonathan K. Sweat
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Buffalo Gourd ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Studies were conducted to determine the effects of scarification, temperature, osmotic potential, and pH on seed germination of buffalo gourd and to examine seedling emergence and establishment. Mechanical and chemical scarification did not increase germination compared to non-scarified seed. Seed germinated at constant temperatures in the dark from 15 to 37 C with optimum germination at 25 C. As osmotic potentials became more negative from −0.1 to −0.8 MPa, germination decreased from 77 to 53%. Germination increased from 15% at pH 2.2 to 90% at pH 8. Seedlings were able to emerge from depths as great as 12 cm, and plants younger than 19 d were not able to sprout from the roots when the shoots were removed.

Effect of Environmental Factors on Germination and Emergence of Shortawn Foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis)

Weed Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Zhao ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Wenlei Guo ◽  
Lele Zhang ◽  
Lu’an Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Wide Range

Shortawn foxtail is an invasive grass weed infesting winter wheat and canola production in China. A better understanding of the germination ecology of shortawn foxtail would help to develop better control strategies for this weed. Experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions to evaluate the effects of various abiotic factors, including temperature, light, pH, osmotic stress, salt concentration, and planting depth, on seed germination and seedling emergence of shortawn foxtail. The results showed that the seed germination rate was greater than 90% over a wide range of constant (5 to 25C) and alternating (15/5 to 35/25C) temperatures. Maximum germination occurred at 20C or 25/15C, and no germination occurred at 35C. Light did not appear to have any effect on seed germination. Shortawn foxtail germination was 27% to 99% over a pH range of 4 to 10, and higher germination was obtained at alkaline pH values ranging from 7 to 10. Seed germination was sensitive to osmotic potential and completely inhibited at an osmotic potential of −0.6 MPa, but it was tolerant to salinity: germination even occurred at 200 mM NaCl (5%). Seedling emergence was highest (98%) when seeds were placed on the soil surface but declined with the increasing burial depth. No seedlings emerged when seeds were buried 6-cm deep. Deep tillage could be an effective measure to limit seed germination from increased burial depth. The results of this study will lead to a better understanding of the requirements for shortawn foxtail germination and emergence and will provide information that could contribute to its control.

scholarly journals Seed germination ecology of Conyza stricta Willd. and implications for management

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244059
Author(s):  
Safdar Ali ◽  
Fakhar Din Khan ◽  
Rehmat Ullah ◽  
Rahmat Ullah Shah ◽  
Saud Alamri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Seed Burial ◽  
Germination Ecology ◽  
Tillage Practices

Numerous cropping systems of the world are experiencing the emergence of new weed species in response to conservation agriculture. Conyza stricta Willd. is being a newly emerging weed of barley-based cropping systems in response to conservational tillage practices. Seed germination ecology of four populations (irrigated, rainfed, abandoned and ruderal habitats) was studied in laboratory and greenhouse experiments. The presence/absence of seed dormancy was inferred first, which indicated seeds were non-dormant. Seed germination was then recorded under various photoperiods, constant and alternating day/night temperatures, and pH, salinity and osmotic potential levels. Seedling emergence was observed from various seed burial depths. Seeds of all populations proved photoblastic and required 12-hour light/dark period for germination. Seeds of all populations germinated under 5–30°C constant temperature; however, peak germination was recorded under 17.22–18.11°C. Nonetheless, the highest germination was noted under 20/15°C alternating day/night temperature. Ruderal and irrigated populations better tolerated salinity and germinated under 0–500 mM salinity. Similarly, rainfed population proved more tolerant to osmotic potential than other populations. Seeds of all populations required neutral pH for the highest germination, whereas decline was noted in germination under basic and alkaline pH. Seedling emergence was retarded for seeds buried >2 cm depth and no emergence was recorded from >4 cm depth. These results add valuable information towards our understanding of seed germination ecology of C. stricta. Seed germination ability of different populations under diverse environmental conditions suspects that the species can present severe challenges in future if not managed. Deep seed burial along with effective management of the emerging seedlings seems a pragmatic option to manage the species in cultivated fields. However, immediate management strategies are needed for rest of the habitats.

Factors affecting seed germination of annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus) in southern Australia

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 854-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagirath S. Chauhan ◽  
Gurjeet Gill ◽  
Christopher Preston
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Buried Seed ◽  
Ph Range

Annual sowthistle has become more abundant under no-till systems in southern Australia. Increased knowledge of germination biology of annual sowthistle would facilitate development of effective weed control programs. The effects of environmental factors on germination and emergence of annual sowthistle seeds were examined in laboratory and field experiments. Seeds of annual sowthistle were able to germinate over a broad range of temperatures (25/15, 20/12, and 15/9 C day/night temperatures). Seed germination was favored by light; however, some germination occurred in the dark as well. Greater than 90% of seeds germinated at a low level of salinity (40 mM NaCl), and some seeds germinated even at 160 mM NaCl (7.5%). Germination decreased from 95% to 11% as osmotic potential increased from 0 to −0.6 MPa and was completely inhibited at osmotic potential greater than −0.6 MPa. Seed germination was greater than 90% over a pH range of 5 to 8, but declined to 77% at pH 10. Seedling emergence was the greatest (77%) for seeds present on the soil surface but declined with depth, and no seedlings emerged from a soil depth of 5 cm. In another experiment in which seeds were after-ripened at different depths in a field, seed decay was greater on the soil surface than at 2 or 5 cm depth. At the end of the growing season, there was a much greater persistence of buried seed (32 to 42%) than seeds present on the soil surface (8%). Greater persistence of buried seed could be due to dormancy enforced by dark in this species.

scholarly journals Gibberellic Acid and Presowing Chilling Increase Seed Germination of Indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash.]

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 849-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon I. Watkinson ◽  
Wallace G. Pill
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Sorghastrum Nutans ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Dry Storage

Following dry storage for 5 or 11 months (new and old seeds, respectively) at 5 °C, less than 10% of the seeds of Indiangrass germinated as determined by a standard germination test. We attempted to increase germination by subjecting seeds to dormancy-breaking treatments, including sodium hypochlorite soak (5.25% v/v NaOCl; 20 or 60 min), prechilling (5 °C for 2 weeks), gibberellic acid during germination (GA3, 1000 mg·L-1), and combinations thereof. Treatment with NaOCl increased the germination of non-prechilled seeds only when they were germinated in GA3; a 60-min soak in NaOCl increased germination to 53% and 65% in new and old seeds, respectively. Prechilling increased germination to 65% and 47% in new and old seeds, respectively. Germination of new, prechilled seeds was increased further to 86% by either a 20-min soak in NaOCl or germination in GA3. Germination of old, prechilled seeds was not promoted further by treatment with NaOCl, but was increased to 67% by germination in GA3. Since NaOCl treatment alone failed to promote germination, we examined the effects on seedling emergence and growth of providing GA3 at 1000 mg·L-1 during the 2-week prechilling period. While prechilling alone increased emergence to an average 34% for new and old seeds, prechilling with GA3 increased emergence to 75% and 50% for new and old seeds, respectively. These treatments did not influence seedling shoot dry mass. Seed exposure to GA3 during rather than after prechilling was more effective in promoting Indiangrass establishment.

Germination, and Seedling and Rosette Development of Flodman Thistle (Cirsium flodmanii)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 768-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Wilson ◽  
Melvin K. McCarty
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Germination Medium ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Maximum germination of flodman thistle [Cirsium flodmanii(Rydb.) Arthur ♯3CIRFL] occurred at alternating temperatures of 10 to 20 and 20 to 30 C. Seeds germinated (20%) in 1.7 M NaCl. Light was important in seed germination; however, its absence could be overcome by adding 8.6 × 10-5M GA3(gibberellic acid) to the germination medium. The greatest seedling emergence occurred when seeds were planted on the soil surface and was lower when seeds were buried at any depth in the soil. Osmotic potentials at −0.5 MPa and greater reduced germination, but 3% of the seeds germinated at −1.3 MPa. Flodman thistle seedlings tolerated average plant water potentials of −0.9 and −1.1 MPa, but they died when the water potential was decreased to −1.5 MPa. Flodman thistle seedlings 43 days old and with four true leaves resprouted after topgrowth removal. Regrowth was evident on 75% of the clipped plants 13 days after initial topgrowth removal. Flodman thistle rosettes spread more rapidly and rosette survival was enhanced more in a weed-free nursery than in a weedy pasture.

Factors affecting seed germination, seedling emergence, and survival of texasweed (Caperonia palustris)

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 989-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford H. Koger ◽  
Krishna N. Reddy ◽  
Daniel H. Poston
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Edaphic Conditions ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Constant Dark

Field, laboratory, and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the seed production potential and effect of environmental factors on germination, emergence, and survival of texasweed. Texasweed produced an average of 893 seed per plant, and 90% were viable. Seed exhibited dormancy, and prechilling did not release dormancy. Percent germination ranged from 56% for seed subjected to no prechilling to 1% for seed prechilled at 5 C for 140 d. Seed remained viable during extended prechilling conditions, with 80% of seed viable after 140 d of prechilling. Texasweed seed germinated over a range of 20 to 40 C, with optimum germination (54%) occurring with a fluctuating 40/30 C temperature regime. Seed germinated with fluctuating 12-h light/dark and constant dark conditions. Texasweed seed germinated over a broad range of pH, osmotic potential, and salt concentrations. Seed germination was 31 to 62% over a pH range from 4 to 10. Germination of texasweed ranged from 9 to 56% as osmotic potential decreased from − 0.8 MPa to 0 (distilled water). Germination was greater than 52% at less than 40 mM NaCl concentrations and lowest (27%) at 160 mM NaCl. Texasweed seedlings emerged from soil depths as deep as 7.5 cm (7% emergence), but emergence was > 67% for seed placed on the soil surface or at a 1-cm depth. Texasweed seed did not germinate under saturated or flooded conditions, but seed survived flooding and germinated (23 to 25%) after flood removal. Texasweed seedlings 2.5 to 15 cm tall were not affected by emersion in 10-cm-deep flood for up to 14 d. These results suggest that texasweed seed is capable of germinating and surviving in a variety of climatic and edaphic conditions, and that flooding is not a viable management option for emerged plants of texasweed.

Environmental factors affect seed germination and seedling emergence of invasive Centaurea balsamita

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iraj Nosratti ◽  
Samira Soltanabadi ◽  
Saeid J. Honarmand ◽  
Bhagirath S. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Wide Range

Centaurea balsamita is a problematic and invasive weed of agricultural fields in western Iran. This study was conducted to determine the effect of different environmental factors on germination and seedling emergence of this weed species. Results revealed that seed germination occurred over a wide range of temperatures (from 5°C to 35°C) with the highest germination at 25°C. Seed germination of C. balsamita was similar between light and dark conditions. Germination decreased with increased in water stress levels, but some seeds were capable of germinating at –1.4 MPa osmotic potential. Seed germination was sensitive to salt stress and complete inhibition occurred at 150 mM sodium chloride. Seed germination of C. balsamita occurred over a pH range of 4–10 with lowest seed germination at pH 4. Seed germination was inhibited by increasing concentrations of potassium nitrate. No seedlings emerged when seeds were buried in the soil at depths greater than 6 cm, suggesting that using a sweep cultivator in crops and deep tillage would be beneficial in managing C. balsamita. The ability of C. balsamita to germinate under a wide range of temperature regimes and high levels of osmotic potential shows that this weed is well adapted to invade other cropping regions, especially rain-fed fields in western Iran.

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