scholarly journals Functional Comparison of High and Low Molecular Weight Chitosan on Lipid Metabolism and Signals in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shing-Hwa Liu ◽  
Chen-Yuan Chiu ◽  
Ching-Ming Shi ◽  
Meng-Tsan Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Lipid Absorption ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Apo E ◽  
Protein Expressions

The present study examined and compared the effects of high- and low-molecular weight (MW) chitosan, a nutraceutical, on intestinal and liver lipid metabolism in rats fed with high-fat diet. Both high- and low-MW chitosan decreased liver weight, elongated small intestine, improved the dysregulation of blood lipids and liver fat accumulation, and increased fecal lipid excretion in high-fat diet-fed rats. Supplementation of both high- and low-MW chitosan significantly inhibited the decreased phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α protein expressions and the increased lipogenesis/cholesterogenesis-associated protein expressions (sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)1c, SREBP2, and PPARγ) and the decreased apolipoprotein (Apo)E and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) protein expressions in the livers of high-fat diet-fed rats. Both high and low-MW chitosan supplementation could also suppress the increased MTTP protein expression and the decreased angiopoietin-like protein (Angptl)4 protein expression in the intestines of high-fat diet-fed rats. Comparison between high and low-MW chitosan, high-MW chitosan has a higher efficiency than low-MW chitosan on the inhibition of intestinal lipid absorption and the increase of hepatic fatty acid oxidation, which can improve liver lipid biosynthesis and accumulation.

scholarly journals Functional Comparison of High and Low Molecular Weight Chitosan on Lipid Metabolism and Signals in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shing-Hwa Liu ◽  
Chen-Yuan Chiu ◽  
Ching-Ming Shi ◽  
Meng-Tsan Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Lipid Absorption ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Protein Expressions

The present study examined and compared the effects of low- and high-molecular weight (MW) chitosan, a nutraceutical, on lipid metabolism in the intestine and liver of high-fat (HF) diet-fed rats. High-MW chitosan as well as low-MW chitosan decreased liver weight, elongated the small intestine, improved the dysregulation of blood lipids and liver fat accumulation, and increased fecal lipid excretion in rats fed with HF diets. Supplementation of both high- and low-MW chitosan markedly inhibited the suppressed phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase-α (AMPKα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) protein expressions, and the increased lipogenesis/cholesterogenesis-associated protein expressions [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c and -2 (SREBP1c and SREBP2)] and the suppressed apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) protein expressions in the livers of rats fed with HF diets. Supplementation with both a low- and high-MW chitosan could also suppress the increased MTTP protein expression and the decreased angiopoietin-like protein-4 (Angptl4) expression in the intestines of rats fed with HF diets. In comparison between low- and high-MW chitosan, high-MW chitosan exhibits a higher efficiency than low-MW chitosan on the inhibition of intestinal lipid absorption and an increase of hepatic fatty acid oxidation, which can improve liver lipid biosynthesis and accumulation.

scholarly journals Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of low-molecular-weight carrageenan in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Qiu ◽  
Wenwen Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
High Fat

AbstractThis study investigated the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of low-molecular-weight carrageenan (LC) on rats fed a high-fat diet. Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normal control group (NC), high-fat diet control group (HC), carrageenan-treated control group (CC), 1% LC group (1% LC), and 3% LC-groups (3% LC). Body weight, food intake, fecal weight, blood glucose, and serum lipid levels were measured. After 30 days, body weight significantly decreased in the LC-treated groups than in the HC group. Moreover, in the LC-treated groups, postprandial blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels decreased, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels increased. From this study, our data suggest that LC has antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects when compared to carrageenan, likely related to its increased absorption due to its lower molecular weight.

Low molecular weight chitosan oligosaccharides (LMW-COSs) prevent obesity-related metabolic abnormalities in association with the modification of gut microbiota in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 9947-9959
Author(s):  
Ningning He ◽  
Shuo Wang ◽  
Zhiyuan Lv ◽  
Wandong Zhao ◽  
Shangyong Li
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharides ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Chitosan

Enzymatic LMW-COSs ameliorate obesity and obesity-related metabolic abnormalities. The overall change in gut microbiota was associated with metabolic parameters and its prebiotic functions by regulating gut microbiota and inflammatory response.

scholarly journals Extraction and Hypolipidemic Activity of Low Molecular Weight Polysaccharides Isolated from Rosa Laevigata Fruits

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Xuejiao Zhang ◽  
Yihong Hu ◽  
Chenzhong Jin ◽  
Weiguo Wu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Chinese Medicinal Herb

Three novel low molecular weight polysaccharides (RLP-1a, RLP-2a, and RLP-3a) with 9004, 8761, and 7571 Da were first obtained by purifying the crude polysaccharides from the fruits of a traditional Chinese medicinal herb Rosae Laevigatae. The conditions for polysaccharides from the R. Laevigatae fruit (RLP) extraction were optimized by the response surface methodology, and the optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 93°C; extraction time, 2.8 h; water to raw material ratio, 22; extraction frequency, 3. Structural characterization showed that RLP-1a consisted of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, glucose, and galactose with the ratio of 3.14 : 8.21 : 1 : 1.37 : 4.90, whereas RLP-2a was composed of rhamnose, mannose, glucose, and galactose with the ratio of 1.70 : 1 : 93.59 : 2.73, and RLP-3a was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, and galactose with the ratio of 6.04 : 26.51 : 2.05 : 1 : 3.17 : 31.77. The NMR analyses revealed that RLP-1a, RLP-2a, and RLP-3a contained 6, 4, and 6 types of glycosidic linkages, respectively. RLP-1a and RLP-3a exhibited distinct antioxidant abilities on the superoxide anions, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and hydroxyl radicals in vitro. RLPs could decrease the serum lipid levels, elevate the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, enhance the antioxidant enzymes levels, and upregulate of FADS2, ACOX3, and SCD-1 which involved in the lipid metabolic processes and oxidative stress in the high-fat diet-induced rats. These results suggested that RLPs ameliorated the high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced lipid metabolism disturbance in the rat liver through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway. Low molecular weight polysaccharides of RLP could be served as a novel potential functional food for improving hyperlipidemia and liver oxidative stress responses.

scholarly journals Effects and Mechanisms of Chitosan and ChitosanOligosaccharide on Hepatic Lipogenesis and Lipid Peroxidation, Adipose Lipolysis, and Intestinal Lipid Absorption in Rats with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1139
Author(s):  
Shing-Hwa Liu ◽  
Rui-Yi Chen ◽  
Meng-Tsan Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Lipid Absorption ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Hepatic Lipogenesis ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Liver Lipid Peroxidation

Chitosan and its derivative, chitosan oligosaccharide (CO), possess hypolipidemic and anti-obesity effects. However, it is still unclear if the mechanisms are different or similar between chitosan and CO. This study was designed to investigate and compare the effects of CO and high-molecular-weight chitosan (HC) on liver lipogenesis and lipid peroxidation, adipose lipolysis, and intestinal lipid absorption in high-fat (HF) diet-fed rats for 12 weeks. Rats were divided into four groups: normal control diet (NC), HF diet, HF diet+5% HC, and HF diet+5% CO. Both HC and CO supplementation could reduce liver lipid biosynthesis, but HC had a better effect than CO on improving liver lipid accumulation in HF diet-fed rats. The increased levels of triglyceride decreased lipolysis rate, and increased lipoprotein lipase activity in the perirenal adipose tissue of HF diet-fed rats could be significantly reversed by both HC and CO supplementation. HC, but not CO, supplementation promoted liver antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities and reduced liver lipid peroxidation. In the intestines, CO, but not HC, supplementation reduced lipid absorption by reducing the expression of fabp2 and fatp4 mRNA. These results suggest that HC and CO have different mechanisms for improving lipid metabolism in HF diet-fed rats.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document