scholarly journals Chemical Diversity of Metal Sulfide Minerals and Its Implications for Prebiotic Catalysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamei Li ◽  
Norio Kitadai ◽  
Ryuhei Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Prebiotic Chemistry ◽  
Metal Sulfide ◽  
Prebiotic Synthesis ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Origins Of Life ◽  
Sulfide Minerals ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Metal Sulfides ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Catalytic Functions

Prebiotic organic synthesis reactions catalyzed by Earth-abundant metal sulfides are key processes for understanding the evolution of biochemistry from inorganic molecules, yet the catalytic functions of sulfides have remained poorly explored in the context of the origins of life. Past studies on prebiotic chemistry have mostly focused on a few types of metal sulfide catalysts, such as FeS or NiS, which form limited types of products with inferior activity and selectivity. To explore the potential of metal sulfides on catalyzing prebiotic chemical reactions, here, the chemical diversity (variations in chemical composition and phase structure) of 304 natural metal sulfide minerals in a mineralogy database was surveyed and approaches to rationally predict the catalytic functions of metal sulfides are discussed based on advanced theories and analytical tools of electrocatalysis such as proton-coupled electron transfer, structural comparisons between enzymes and minerals, and in-situ spectroscopy. To this end, we introduce a model of geo-electrochemistry driven prebiotic synthesis for chemical evolution, as it helps us to predict kinetics and selectivity of targeted prebiotic chemistry under “chemically messy conditions”. We expect that combining the data-mining of mineral databases with experimental methods and theories developed in the field of electrocatalysis will facilitate the prediction and verification of catalytic performance under a wide range of pH and Eh conditions, and aid in the rational screening of mineral catalysts involved in the origins of life.

scholarly journals Chemical Diversity of Metal Sulfide Minerals and Its Implications for the Origin of Life

Life ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamei Li ◽  
Norio Kitadai ◽  
Ryuhei Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Prebiotic Chemistry ◽  
Metal Sulfide ◽  
Sulfide Minerals ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Metal Sulfides ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Catalytic Functions

Prebiotic organic synthesis catalyzed by Earth-abundant metal sulfides is a key process for understanding the evolution of biochemistry from inorganic molecules, yet the catalytic functions of sulfides have remained poorly explored in the context of the origin of life. Past studies on prebiotic chemistry have mostly focused on a few types of metal sulfide catalysts, such as FeS or NiS, which form limited types of products with inferior activity and selectivity. To explore the potential of metal sulfides on catalyzing prebiotic chemical reactions, here, the chemical diversity (variations in chemical composition and phase structure) of 304 natural metal sulfide minerals in a mineralogy database was surveyed. Approaches to rationally predict the catalytic functions of metal sulfides are discussed based on advanced theories and analytical tools of electrocatalysis such as proton-coupled electron transfer, structural comparisons between enzymes and minerals, and in situ spectroscopy. To this end, we introduce a model of geoelectrochemistry driven prebiotic synthesis for chemical evolution, as it helps us to predict kinetics and selectivity of targeted prebiotic chemistry under “chemically messy conditions”. We expect that combining the data-mining of mineral databases with experimental methods, theories, and machine-learning approaches developed in the field of electrocatalysis will facilitate the prediction and verification of catalytic performance under a wide range of pH and Eh conditions, and will aid in the rational screening of mineral catalysts involved in the origin of life.

ZnO nanorods decorated with metal sulfides as stable and efficient counter-electrode materials for high-efficiency quantum dot-sensitized solar cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (21) ◽  
pp. 8161-8171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandu V. V. M. Gopi ◽  
Mallineni Venkata-Haritha ◽  
Young-Seok Lee ◽  
Hee-Je Kim
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Counter Electrode ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Metal Sulfide ◽  
Metal Sulfides ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

Metal sulfide decorated with ZnO NRs (ZnO/CoS, ZnO/NiS, ZnO/CuS and ZnO/PbS) were fabricated and used as efficient CEs for QDSSCs.

scholarly journals 1258. Activity of a Series of Investigational Compounds Tested Against Invasive Fungal Isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S645-S646
Author(s):  
Paul R Rhomberg ◽  
Shawn A Messer ◽  
Richard W Scott ◽  
Simon D P Baugh ◽  
Michael A Pfaller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Services Research ◽  
Defense Proteins ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cryptococcus Spp ◽  
Center Research ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center (FCC) is developing non-peptide analogs of host defense proteins for the treatment of invasive fungal infections mainly caused by Candida (CAN) and Aspergillus (ASP). We evaluated the activity of 6 novel compounds and 2 comparators against 150 isolates from 15 fungal groups. Methods Susceptibility testing was performed per CLSI broth microdilution methods for investigational compounds and comparators against 70 CAN and 40 ASP isolates in addition to 10 Cryptococcus spp. (CRYP), 10 Fusarium spp. (FUS), 10 Mucorales, and 10 Scedosporium spp. (SCED) isolates from recent (2017-2019) clinical infections. MIC results were determined as ≥ 50% reduction at 24 and 72 hours for CAN and CRYP respectively, and 100% reduction at 24, 72, and 48 hours for Mucorales, SCED, and other moulds, respectively. CLSI clinical breakpoint (CBP) and epidemiological cutoff value (ECV) interpretive criteria were applied for comparators. Results Compounds FC10790, FC11083, FC11212, and FC11275 had MIC50 results at ≤ 0.015 mg/L and MIC90 results at ≤ 0.015 to 0.12 mg/L against CRYP, ASP, and FUS isolates. Compounds FC5096 and FC11022 were 2- to 4-fold less active while demonstrating MIC50 and MIC90 results of 0.03 to 0.5 mg/L against CAN, CRYP, ASP, and FUS isolates. The Mucorales isolate set showed the widest range of MIC results for FC compounds. FC10790 exhibited the greatest potency with a MIC50/90 at 0.5/2 mg/L. FC compounds showed potent activity against SCED with MIC90 results of 0.03 to 0.25 mg/L. Fluconazole showed a wide range of MIC results, from 0.06 to >64 mg/L, but the highest results observed were for Candida auris (MIC50/90, 64/ > 64 mg/L) and Candida krusei (MIC50/90; 16/32 mg/L). Itraconazole was active against all ASP (MIC50/90, 1/1 mg/L), but showed poor activity against FUS (MIC50/90, > 8/ > 8 mg/L). Amphotericin B showed a narrow range of MIC results (0.5 to 2 mg/L) for all isolates except 1 ASP and most SCED. Conclusion Novel FCC compounds showed equal or greater activity than comparators against most CAN, ASP, SCED, and FUS. FC10790, FC11212, and FC11275 showed the greatest activity against all tested fungal isolates. development of this series of compounds for clinical studies. Table 1 Disclosures Paul R. Rhomberg, n/a, Cidara Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support) Shawn A. Messer, PhD, Amplyx Pharmaceuticals (Research Grant or Support)Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center (Research Grant or Support) Richard W. Scott, PhD, Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center (Employee) Simon DP Baugh, PhD, Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center (Employee) Michael A. Pfaller, MD, Amplyx Pharmaceuticals (Research Grant or Support)Basilea Pharmaceutica International, Ltd (Research Grant or Support)Cidara Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cidara Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Department of Health and Human Services (Research Grant or Support)Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center (Research Grant or Support)Paratek Pharma, LLC (Research Grant or Support) Mariana Castanheira, PhD, 1928 Diagnostics (Research Grant or Support)A. Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.R.L. (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Amplyx Pharmaceuticals (Research Grant or Support)Cidara Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cidara Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center (Research Grant or Support)GlaxoSmithKline (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck & Co, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Merck & Co, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Paratek Pharma, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer (Research Grant or Support)Qpex Biopharma (Research Grant or Support) Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, A. Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.R.L. (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Cidara Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck & Co, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer (Research Grant or Support)

Recent Advances and the Design Criteria of Metal Sulfide Photocathode and Photoanode for Photoelectrocatalysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cui Ying Toe ◽  
Shujie Zhou ◽  
Michael Gunawan ◽  
Xinxin Lu ◽  
Yun Hau Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Metal Sulfide ◽  
Metal Sulfides ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Structural And Optical Properties ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Favorable Light

Metal sulfides have emerged as promising materials for photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications due to their favorable light absorption ability, tunable structural and optical properties. With the rapid development of PEC systems,...

scholarly journals A Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework with SOC Topological Net for Catalytic Peptide Bond Hydrolysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujing Wang ◽  
Antoine Tissot ◽  
Guillaume Maurin ◽  
Tatjana Parac-Vogt ◽  
Christian Serre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Peptide Bond ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Horse Heart Myoglobin ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Effective Synthesis ◽  
Organic Framework

<div>The discovery of nanozymes for selective cleavage of proteins would boost the emerging areas of modern proteomics, however, the development of efficient and reusable artificial catalysts for peptide bond hydrolysis is challenging. Here we report the detailed catalytic properties of a microporous zirconium carboxylate metal-organic framework, MIP-201, in promoting peptide bond hydrolysis in a simple dipeptide, as well as in horse-heart myoglobin (Mb) protein that consists of 153 amino acids. We demonstrate that MIP-201 features an excellent catalytic activity and selectivity, a good tolerance toward reaction conditions covering a wide range of different pH values, and importantly, an exceptional recycling ability associated with easy regeneration process. Taking into account the excellent catalytic performance of MIP-201 and its other advantages such as 6-connected Zr6 cluster active sites, the green, scalable and cost-effective synthesis, and an outstanding chemical and architectural stability, our finding suggests that MIP-201 may be a promising and practical alternative to the current commercially available catalysts for peptide bond hydrolysis.</div>

scholarly journals A Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework with SOC Topological Net for Catalytic Peptide Bond Hydrolysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujing Wang ◽  
Antoine Tissot ◽  
Guillaume Maurin ◽  
Tatjana Parac-Vogt ◽  
Christian Serre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Peptide Bond ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Horse Heart Myoglobin ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Effective Synthesis ◽  
Organic Framework

<div>The discovery of nanozymes for selective cleavage of proteins would boost the emerging areas of modern proteomics, however, the development of efficient and reusable artificial catalysts for peptide bond hydrolysis is challenging. Here we report the detailed catalytic properties of a microporous zirconium carboxylate metal-organic framework, MIP-201, in promoting peptide bond hydrolysis in a simple dipeptide, as well as in horse-heart myoglobin (Mb) protein that consists of 153 amino acids. We demonstrate that MIP-201 features an excellent catalytic activity and selectivity, a good tolerance toward reaction conditions covering a wide range of different pH values, and importantly, an exceptional recycling ability associated with easy regeneration process. Taking into account the excellent catalytic performance of MIP-201 and its other advantages such as 6-connected Zr6 cluster active sites, the green, scalable and cost-effective synthesis, and an outstanding chemical and architectural stability, our finding suggests that MIP-201 may be a promising and practical alternative to the current commercially available catalysts for peptide bond hydrolysis.</div>

scholarly journals Cell-free genetic devices confer autonomic and adaptive properties to hydrogels

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colette J. Whitfield ◽  
Alice M. Banks ◽  
Gema Dura ◽  
John Love ◽  
Jonathan E. Fieldsend ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractSmart materials are able to alter one or more of their properties in response to defined stimuli. Our ability to design and create such materials, however, does not match the diversity and specificity of responses seen within the biological domain. We propose that relocation of molecular phenomena from living cells into hydrogels can be used to confer smart functionality to materials. We establish that cell-free protein synthesis can be conducted in agarose hydrogels, that gene expression occurs throughout the material and that co-expression of genes is possible. We demonstrate that gene expression can be controlled transcriptionally (using in gel gene interactions) and translationally in response to small molecule and nucleic acid triggers. We use this system to design and build a genetic device that can alter the structural property of its chassis material in response to exogenous stimuli. Importantly, we establish that a wide range of hydrogels are appropriate chassis for cell-free synthetic biology, meaning a designer may alter both the genetic and hydrogel components according to the requirements of a given application. We probe the relationship between the physical structure of the gel and in gel protein synthesis and reveal that the material itself may act as a macromolecular crowder enhancing protein synthesis. Given the extensive range of genetically encoded information processing networks in the living kingdom and the structural and chemical diversity of hydrogels, this work establishes a model by which cell-free synthetic biology can be used to create autonomic and adaptive materials.Significance statementSmart materials have the ability to change one or more of their properties (e.g. structure, shape or function) in response to specific triggers. They have applications ranging from light-sensitive sunglasses and drug delivery systems to shape-memory alloys and self-healing coatings. The ability to programme such materials, however, is basic compared to the ability of a living organism to observe, understand and respond to its environment. Here we demonstrate the relocation of biological information processing systems from cells to materials. We achieved this by operating small, programmable genetic devices outside the confines of a living cell and inside hydrogel matrices. These results establish a method for developing materials functionally enhanced with molecular machinery from biological systems.

scholarly journals Unevolved De Novo Proteins Have Innate Tendencies to Bind Transition Metals

Life ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Wang ◽  
Kenric J. Hoegler ◽  
Michael H. Hecht
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Transition Metals ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Combinatorial Library ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Protein Sequences ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Ancestral Sequences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Catalytic Functions

Life as we know it would not exist without the ability of protein sequences to bind metal ions. Transition metals, in particular, play essential roles in a wide range of structural and catalytic functions. The ubiquitous occurrence of metalloproteins in all organisms leads one to ask whether metal binding is an evolved trait that occurred only rarely in ancestral sequences, or alternatively, whether it is an innate property of amino acid sequences, occurring frequently in unevolved sequence space. To address this question, we studied 52 proteins from a combinatorial library of novel sequences designed to fold into 4-helix bundles. Although these sequences were neither designed nor evolved to bind metals, the majority of them have innate tendencies to bind the transition metals copper, cobalt, and zinc with high nanomolar to low-micromolar affinity.

Design, synthesis, and application of metal sulfides for Li–S batteries: progress and prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (35) ◽  
pp. 17848-17882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Yan ◽  
Xifei Li ◽  
Wei Xiao ◽  
Junhua Hu ◽  
Lulu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Metal Sulfide ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Metal Sulfides ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Design Synthesis

This review paper presents a comprehensive overview of recent progress in the use of metal sulfide for high-performance Li–S batteries with a particular focus on the modified approaches, design principles, synthetic strategies, and representative applications.

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