scholarly journals Thinning Schedules for Spruce Stands

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri P. Kärenlampi
Keyword(s):  
Stationary State ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
Financial Feasibility ◽  
Continuous Cover Forestry ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Volumetric Yield ◽  
Capital Return

We investigate financial feasibility of a few thinning schedules for spruce stands. Some example stands have previously experienced commercial low thinning, whereas others young stand cleaning only. High thinning is combined with quality thinning, and further growth of trees is estimated using a Norwegian growth model. High capital return rates are gained by diameter-limit cutting to the transition diameter between pulpwood and sawlogs. Repeated thinnings lead to reduction in the capitalization during several decades, the system approaching a stationary state. The transient forest stands investigated shown a significant excess capital return, in relation to the stationary state, and this excess return is due to transient tree size distribution. Correspondingly, capital return rate gained in rotation forestry is somewhat higher than that of stationary continuous-cover forestry, and the volumetric yield is much higher. The productive capacity of stands previously thinned from below apparently has been ruined by that treatment.

scholarly journals Harvesting Design by Capital Return

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri Kärenlampi
Keyword(s):  
Stationary State ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
A Value ◽  
Continuous Cover Forestry ◽  
Volumetric Yield ◽  
Capital Return

One can suspect that capital return rate in forestry can be maximized by growing trees experiencing a value-adding assortment transition. Such a situation may or may not endure. We investigate the financial feasibility of a few harvesting schedules for a semi-shade-tolerant tree species. Some example stands have experienced commercial low thinning, whereas others have experienced young stand cleaning only. High thinning is computationally combined with quality thinning, and further growth of trees is estimated using an applicable growth model. High capital return rates are gained by diameter-limit cutting to the transition diameter between pulpwood and sawlogs. Repeated thinnings lead to a reduction in the capitalization during several decades, the system approaching a stationary state. The transient forest stands investigated show a significant excess capital return, in relation to the stationary state, and this excess return is due to transient tree size distribution. Correspondingly, capital return rate gained in rotation forestry is somewhat higher than that of stationary continuous-cover forestry, and the volumetric yield is much higher. The productive capacity of stands previously thinned from below has been apparently ruined by that treatment.

scholarly journals Stationary Forestry with Human Interference

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri Kärenlampi
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Human Interference ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Appreciation Rate ◽  
Capital Return

Here, we present stationarity criteria for forest stands and establish ecological embodiments using an empirical stand development model. We introduced human interference in terms of diameter-limit cutting. Financial sustainability was investigated as a function of the cutting limit diameter. It was found that nonoperative capitalization along with its appreciation rate dictates the sustainability of management practices. In the absence of nonoperative capitalization, stationary forestry produces high capital return rates at a rather small volume of growing trees. In the case of large but constant nonoperative capitalization, a large operative capitalization resulting in a large harvesting yield provides the best capital returns. A high nonoperative appreciation rate requires a small volume of growing trees.

scholarly journals Norway spruce thinning experiment Polom (Eastern Bohemia) after 22 years of observation

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
M. Slodičák ◽  
J. Novák
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Vegetation Zone ◽  
Experimental Stand ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Long Term Experiment

Effects of thinning were studied in an air-polluted young stand of Norway spruce on Polom series in the Orlick&eacute; hory Mts. (North-Eastern part of the Czech Republic) founded in 1980 in 15 years old spruce stand established by planting with density of 3,500&ndash;4,000 trees per hectare in 1965. The stand lies at an elevation of 800&nbsp;m in the 6<sup>th</sup> beech with spruce forest vegetation zone. The expected survival of the experimental stand at the beginning of experiments was 40 years (air pollution danger zone B). The thinning experiment is based on a classical comparative method, i.e. on comparing the stands with different thinning regimes (regime with no thinning and regimes with heavy and very heavy first thinning with negative selection from below). Results of the long-term experiment confirmed the positive effect of investigated thinning programme on growth, health condition and resistance to snow-breaks of air-polluted Norway spruce stands in initial phases of disintegration.

scholarly journals Analisa Kelayakan Usaha Budidaya Teripang (Holothuroidea)DiDistrik Samate, Kabupaten Raja Ampat

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratna
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Financial Feasibility ◽  
Development Data ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Capital Return

The cultivation of sea cucumbers in Samate District, the Raja Ampat is highly potential due to sufficient conditions of waters which is protected from the influence of currents, waves and a storm. The purpose of this study was to analyze the feasibility of sea cucumber cultivation in Samate district Raja Ampat, referring to the prospect of future development. Data was collected in Samate district, Raja Ampat in November 2015 -February 2016. Samples were taken by purposive sampling method from representatives of farmers with consideration of the same level of diversity of sea cucumber cultivation area.Data analysis was performed by using financial feasibility analysis of sea cucumber cultivation with calculation of profit / loss, R-C ratio and BEP. The results showed that the earned profits in a year is amounted to Rp 25.388.000, while the value of B / C (Benefit Cost Ratio) is 3.25 or B / C &gt; 1 which indicates that the business is feasible to be developed. BEP analysis is amounted of 4.6 kg, with the price of Rp 307.500 / kg, which means that the minimum production should be 4.6 kg at a price of Rp 307.500 /kg to achieve the capital return conditions

scholarly journals The Effect of Empirical Log Yield Observations on Carbon Storage Economics

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri P. Kärenlampi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Price Premiums ◽  
Carbon Prices ◽  
Capital Return

An empirical model for log yield from trees is established and applied in microeconomics of carbon storage in a boreal spruce estate. The transition from pulpwood to sawlogs is a smoother function of stem diameter in the empirical data, in comparison to literature values. Correspondingly, the value transition of trees along with increasing size is gentler. Due to price premiums of sawlogs from clearcuttings, all economically feasible treatment schedules terminate in clearcutting. Best capital return rates are gained with two heavy thinnings from above before clearcutting. Present carbon emission prices allow moderate carbon storage increment if the increment is compensated by proportional carbon rent. Doubling the present carbon prices would allow strong carbon storage increments if compensated by carbon rent. Application of nonproportional carbon rent is proposed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Empirical Log Yield Observations on Carbon Storage Economics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri P. Kärenlampi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Price Premium ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Carbon Prices ◽  
Capital Return

An empirical model for log yield from trees is established and applied in microeconomics of carbon storage in a boreal spruce estate. The transition from pulpwood to sawlogs is a smoother function of stem diameter in the empirical data, in comparison to literature values. Correspondingly, the value transition of trees along with increasing size is gentler. Due to price premium of sawlogs from clearcuttings, all economically feasible treatment schedules terminate in clearcutting. Best capital return rates are gained with two heavy thinnings from above before clearcutting. Present carbon emission prices allow moderate carbon storage increment if the increment is compensated by proportional carbon rent. Doubling the present carbon prices would allow strong carbon storage increments if compensated by carbon rent. Application of nonproportional carbon rent is proposed.

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