scholarly journals Stationary Forestry with Human Interference

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri Kärenlampi
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Human Interference ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Appreciation Rate ◽  
Capital Return

Here, we present stationarity criteria for forest stands and establish ecological embodiments using an empirical stand development model. We introduced human interference in terms of diameter-limit cutting. Financial sustainability was investigated as a function of the cutting limit diameter. It was found that nonoperative capitalization along with its appreciation rate dictates the sustainability of management practices. In the absence of nonoperative capitalization, stationary forestry produces high capital return rates at a rather small volume of growing trees. In the case of large but constant nonoperative capitalization, a large operative capitalization resulting in a large harvesting yield provides the best capital returns. A high nonoperative appreciation rate requires a small volume of growing trees.

Financial Management Practices and Sustainability of Non Governmental Organisations Projects in Juba, South Sudan

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Tom Victor Wandera ◽  
Dr. Paul Sang
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Inferential Statistics ◽  
Income Source ◽  
Budget Control

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of financial management challenges on financial sustainability of Non-Governmental Organizations in south Sudan.Methodology: The study used descriptive research design. The target population of the study was all the 112 NGO in South Sudan at July 31st 2015. A census of all the 112 key financial manager personnel was taken since the population is small. Primary data was collected through the administration of the questionnaires. This study generated both qualitative and quantitative data. Data was analyzed mainly by use of descriptive and inferential statistics that is, graphical and numerical methods, measures of central tendencies as well as measures of variability. The particular inferential statistics were regression and correlation analysis. Multiple regression equation was used to determine the strength and directions of the association between the variables with the results.Results: The study findings indicated that there is a significant and positive relationship between budget control and the financial sustainability of NGOs in South Sudan. The results also indicated that there is a significant and positive relationship between financial reporting and the financial sustainability of NGOs in South Sudan. Also, results found out that there is a significant and positive relationship between income source diversification and the financial sustainability of NGOs in South Sudan. Further, the results indicated that there is a significant and positive relationship between donor relationship management and the financial sustainability of NGOs in South Sudan.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that budget control activities such as financial resources, competent human resource, and participation of both staff and other stakeholders in the budgeting process, proper planning, evaluation, monitoring and control of the budget process and staff motivation should be fully adopted by NGOs in order to sustain their financials. The study also recommended that income source diversification activities such as charitable donations from individuals and corporations, grants, fees, commission, contracts for service, and sales of goods and should be adopted in order to  enhance the financial sustainability of NGOs.

scholarly journals The Effect of Herb Layer on Nocturnal Macrolepidoptera (Lepidoptera: Macroheterocera) Communities

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Bálint Horváth ◽  
Viktória Tóth ◽  
Gyula Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Forest Diversity ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Vegetation beneath the canopy might be an important factor for macromoth community composition in forest ecosystems, strongly determined by forest management practices. Herein, we compared nocturnal macrolepidoptera communities and herb layers in young and old sessile oak (Quercus petraea) dominated forest stands in the Sopron Mountains (Western Hungary). The investigation of Lepidoptera species was performed 15 times from the end of March to the end of October in 2011. Portable light traps were used, and a total of 257 species and 5503 individuals were identified. The Geometridae family was the most abundant, followed by Noctuidae and Notodontidae. To investigate vascular plant species in the herb layer, circular plots with a 10-m radius around the moth traps were used. In each plot, we estimated the abundance of plant species in 20 sub-plots with a 1-m radius from May to July of 2011. The abundance of macromoth species was higher in the old forest stand, which might be influenced by the trees’ higher foliar biomass. However, the mean abundance of herbs was lower in the old forest. Diversity of both the herb layer and the moth community were significantly higher in the young forest. However we found higher species richness of moths in the old forest. For additional analyses, moths feeding on plants in the herb layer were selected, but neither the difference in species number, neither mean abundance between the young and old forest were significant. Our results suggest that the herb layer is not a key factor for macrolepidoptera communities in Hungarian sessile oak forest stands.

scholarly journals The Influence of Human Interference on Zooplankton and Fungal Diversity in Poyang Lake Watershed in China

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Haiming Qin ◽  
Xinyi Cao ◽  
Lanyue Cui ◽  
Qian Lv ◽  
Tingtao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Poyang Lake ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Human Interference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Beneficial Fungi

The Poyang water system in Jiangxi Province, China, is important for floodwater storage, diversity maintenance, and the economy of the Poyang Lake watershed. In recent years, pollution has destroyed the ecosystem and impacted human health and the related economy. The water quality of the Poyang Lake watershed and the impact of human interference must be assessed. Conventional analysis and high-throughput sequencing were used to evaluate the structure of both zooplankton and fungi in six sub-lakes of the Poyang Lake watershed under different anthropogenic influences. The sub-lakes included were Dahuchi Lake (in natural preserve, DHC), Shahu Lake (in natural reserve, SH), Nanhu Lake (out of natural preserve, NH), Zhelinhu Lake (artificial reservoir, ZLH), Sixiahu Lake (agricultural lake artificially isolated from Poyang Lake, SXH), and Qianhu Lake (urban lake, QH). The densities and biomass of the zooplankton in DHC, SH, NH were higher compared with those in SXH, ZLH and QH (p < 0.05). Zooplankton distribution of SXH was the most strongly associated with total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll a (Chl a), while QH was highly associated with pH, conductivity (Cond), and water temperature (WT). For fungal diversity, a large number of beneficial fungi, Basidiomycota (phylum level) and Massarina (genus level) were obtained from DHC (55.3% and 27.5%, respectively), SH (54.4% and 28.9%, respectively), and NH (48.6% and 1.4%, respectively), while a large number of pathogenic Chytridiomycota (at phylum level) were identified from SXH (21.0%), ZLH (5.5%), and QH (7.5%). Manmade pollutants have impacted the natural hydrology and water quality and promoted variation between the zooplankton and fungi in the six sub-lakes, reducing the relative abundance of beneficial fungi and increasing the number of pathogens in the environment, which threatens human health and economic production. Understanding the diversity among the zooplankton and fungi in the six sub-lakes of the Poyang Lake watershed may help guide future water management practices.

scholarly journals Water Sector Reforms, Commercialization and Financial Sustainability of Public Water Utilities in Kenya: The Case of Homa Bay Water and Sewerage Company Limited

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Agwa Maryline Akinyi ◽  
Paul A. Odundo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Company Limited

Reforms in the Kenyan water sector entrenched the aspect of commercialization, which subjected water services to market forces and necessitated establishment of autonomous public utilities, such as Homa Bay Water and Sewerage Company Limited, to improve cost recovery, efficiency and sustainability. This study focused on how commercialization, as an aspect of the reforms, influenced the utility’s financial sustainability. A cross-sectional design, with mixed methods approach, guided the study. Primary data were sourced in mid 2017, from water officers, water users and water committee members. Quantitative techniques included cross-tabulation with Chi square statistic, Relative Importance Index and Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance. The results show that compliance of procurement activities to relevant legislations was the most important aspect influencing the utility’s financial sustainability (relative weight = 0.838); followed by effectiveness of internal audit in enforcing expenditure policies (relative weight = 0.825); and relevance of activities on which water revenues were spent (relative weight = 0.812). The analysis obtained a strong and significant concordance of respondents’ views regarding relationship between financial management practices and the utility’s financial sustainability (Kendall’s W= 0.862, x2= 64.491, df = 4 & p-value = 0.000). Consequently, ensuring that procurement activities are strictly guided by procurement laws is important for preventing irregularities and minimizing loss of financial resources; while strengthening capacity of the internal audit department and enhancing its independence, are crucial antecedents for the utility’s financial sustainability.

scholarly journals Harvesting Design by Capital Return

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri Kärenlampi
Keyword(s):  
Stationary State ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
A Value ◽  
Continuous Cover Forestry ◽  
Volumetric Yield ◽  
Capital Return

One can suspect that capital return rate in forestry can be maximized by growing trees experiencing a value-adding assortment transition. Such a situation may or may not endure. We investigate the financial feasibility of a few harvesting schedules for a semi-shade-tolerant tree species. Some example stands have experienced commercial low thinning, whereas others have experienced young stand cleaning only. High thinning is computationally combined with quality thinning, and further growth of trees is estimated using an applicable growth model. High capital return rates are gained by diameter-limit cutting to the transition diameter between pulpwood and sawlogs. Repeated thinnings lead to a reduction in the capitalization during several decades, the system approaching a stationary state. The transient forest stands investigated show a significant excess capital return, in relation to the stationary state, and this excess return is due to transient tree size distribution. Correspondingly, capital return rate gained in rotation forestry is somewhat higher than that of stationary continuous-cover forestry, and the volumetric yield is much higher. The productive capacity of stands previously thinned from below has been apparently ruined by that treatment.

Management towards financial sustainability for private health companies

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Manoel Marques Clemente ◽  
Alexandre Pereira Salgado Junior ◽  
Eduardo Falsarella Júnior ◽  
Marco Antonio Alves de Souza Junior ◽  
Juliana Chiaretti Novi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Level

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify a set of management practices towards financial sustainability for Brazilian private health insurance and plans companies. Design/methodology/approach The present paper uses a bimodal two-step approach. The first step was quantitative, with the data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique in 521 Brazilian private health companies (PHCs). At this stage, the objective was to obtain scores to rank the PHCs regarding their financial performance and services in 2013. From the quantitative analysis, two PHCs displaying contrasting performances were selected and interviewed to identify differentiating management practices. Findings The Group Medicine PHCs displayed a higher performance in the financial approach. Following the qualitative comparative analysis, the financially sustainable PHC presented the following differentials: a high level of financial management professionalization, a deliberate policy for the control and prevention of claims and a larger share of revenues from health plans over service revenues. Research limitations/implications However, a limitation of the study lies in the fact that by not using any cash flow or financial result variables, the financial efficiency model used in the study does not evaluate the generation capacity of long-term results. It is noteworthy that, because it is a multiple case study, the results found cannot be generalized and should be understood only as characteristics of the studied PHCs in here. Practical implications The present paper can contribute to managers of Brazilian PCHs towards the implementation of management tools aimed at the sustainability of those organizations. Originality/value Despite the importance of the Supplemental Health Insurance System for public health in Brazil, PHCs have received a high volume of complaints and struggled with constant financial problems.

scholarly journals Transpiration of Anatolian black pine and sessile oak forest stands in a sub-humid region of Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-128
Author(s):  
Mehmet Said Ozcelik ◽  
Kamil Sengonul
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Black Pine ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Stand Transpiration ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Anatolian Black Pine

Transpiration is a key component of the watershed water budget. Therefore, determining the transpiration of forest stands with different characteristics have been of interest for watershed hydrology and forest management practices in a wide range of environments. The objectives of this study were to compare transpiration of Anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) tree stands and to model transpiration based on the measured climatic factors. Stand transpirations were calculated from sap flow measurements made by the trunk heat balance method. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis (PCR) to detect affecting meteorological factors of stand transpiration, and we developed linear regression equations to predict transpiration of pine and oak stands. Mean daily and yearly canopy transpiration (Ec) were 1.05 mm day-1 and 378.3 mm year-1 for the pine stand and 3.52 mm day-1 and 801.7 mm year-1 for the oak stand. There was a highly positive correlation between daily stand transpiration and wind speed, global radiation, air vapour pressure deficit and air temperature, but a negative correlation with relative humidity for both stands. Soil water potential had little effect on stand transpiration. The model equations accounted for 81% of the variations in transpiration for the pine stand and 85% for the oak stand. Therefore, the transpiration of forest stands should be considered for effective vegetation management practices, as model equations to estimate the transpiration of pine and oak stands in the region.

scholarly journals Lizard Activity and Abundance Greater in Burned Habitat of a Xeric Montane Forest

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin L. Fouts ◽  
Clinton T. Moore ◽  
Kristine D. Johnson ◽  
John C Maerz
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Habitat Modeling ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Sceloporus Undulatus ◽  
Great Smoky Mountains ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Resource Managers

Abstract Restoring the natural or historical state of ecosystems is a common objective among resource managers, but determining whether desired system responses to management actions are occurring is often protracted and challenging. For wildlife, the integration of mechanistic habitat modeling with population monitoring may provide expedited measures of management effectiveness and improve understanding of how management actions succeed or fail to recover populations. Southern Appalachia is a region of high biodiversity that has undergone dramatic change as a result of human activities such as historic logging, exotic invasions, and alteration of disturbance regimes—including reduction in application of fire. Contemporary efforts to restore fire-maintained ecosystems within southern Appalachian forests require tools to assess the effects of fire management practices on individual animal fitness and relate them to corresponding influences on species abundance. Using automated sensing equipment, we investigated the effects of burned forests on reptile habitat suitability within the western portion of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee. Specifically, we used microclimate measurements to model northern fence lizard Sceloporus undulatus hyacinthinus diurnal activity budgets in unburned and variable burn age (3–27-y) forest stands. We estimated northern fence lizard occurrence and abundance along transects through burned and unburned forests. Burned forest stands had microclimates that resulted in longer modeled daily activity periods under most conditions during summer. S. undulatus abundance was 4.75 times greater on burned stands compared to paired unburned stands, although the relationship between burn age and abundance was not well determined. Results suggest the more open habitat structure of burned areas within these xeric pine–oak forests may benefit S. undulatus.

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