scholarly journals Harvesting Design by Capital Return

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri Kärenlampi
Keyword(s):  
Stationary State ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
A Value ◽  
Continuous Cover Forestry ◽  
Volumetric Yield ◽  
Capital Return

One can suspect that capital return rate in forestry can be maximized by growing trees experiencing a value-adding assortment transition. Such a situation may or may not endure. We investigate the financial feasibility of a few harvesting schedules for a semi-shade-tolerant tree species. Some example stands have experienced commercial low thinning, whereas others have experienced young stand cleaning only. High thinning is computationally combined with quality thinning, and further growth of trees is estimated using an applicable growth model. High capital return rates are gained by diameter-limit cutting to the transition diameter between pulpwood and sawlogs. Repeated thinnings lead to a reduction in the capitalization during several decades, the system approaching a stationary state. The transient forest stands investigated show a significant excess capital return, in relation to the stationary state, and this excess return is due to transient tree size distribution. Correspondingly, capital return rate gained in rotation forestry is somewhat higher than that of stationary continuous-cover forestry, and the volumetric yield is much higher. The productive capacity of stands previously thinned from below has been apparently ruined by that treatment.

scholarly journals Thinning Schedules for Spruce Stands

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri P. Kärenlampi
Keyword(s):  
Stationary State ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
Financial Feasibility ◽  
Continuous Cover Forestry ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Volumetric Yield ◽  
Capital Return

We investigate financial feasibility of a few thinning schedules for spruce stands. Some example stands have previously experienced commercial low thinning, whereas others young stand cleaning only. High thinning is combined with quality thinning, and further growth of trees is estimated using a Norwegian growth model. High capital return rates are gained by diameter-limit cutting to the transition diameter between pulpwood and sawlogs. Repeated thinnings lead to reduction in the capitalization during several decades, the system approaching a stationary state. The transient forest stands investigated shown a significant excess capital return, in relation to the stationary state, and this excess return is due to transient tree size distribution. Correspondingly, capital return rate gained in rotation forestry is somewhat higher than that of stationary continuous-cover forestry, and the volumetric yield is much higher. The productive capacity of stands previously thinned from below apparently has been ruined by that treatment.

scholarly journals Stationary Forestry with Human Interference

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri Kärenlampi
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Human Interference ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Appreciation Rate ◽  
Capital Return

Here, we present stationarity criteria for forest stands and establish ecological embodiments using an empirical stand development model. We introduced human interference in terms of diameter-limit cutting. Financial sustainability was investigated as a function of the cutting limit diameter. It was found that nonoperative capitalization along with its appreciation rate dictates the sustainability of management practices. In the absence of nonoperative capitalization, stationary forestry produces high capital return rates at a rather small volume of growing trees. In the case of large but constant nonoperative capitalization, a large operative capitalization resulting in a large harvesting yield provides the best capital returns. A high nonoperative appreciation rate requires a small volume of growing trees.

scholarly journals Cost and Effectiveness of Reminders to Promote Colorectal Cancer Screening Uptake in Rural Federally Qualified Health Centers in West Virginia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-897
Author(s):  
Mary Ellen Conn ◽  
Stephenie Kennedy-Rea ◽  
Sujha Subramanian ◽  
Adam Baus ◽  
Sonja Hoover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
West Virginia ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Federally Qualified Health Centers ◽  
Process Measures ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Phone Calls

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the West Virginia Program to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening in implementing patient reminders to increase fecal immunochemical test (FIT) kit return rates in nine federally qualified health centers (FQHCs). Using process measures and cost data collected, the authors examined the differences in the intensity of the phone calls across FQHCs and compared them with the return rates achieved. They also reported the cost per kit successfully returned as a result of the intervention. Across all FQHCs, 5,041 FIT kits were ordered, and the initial return rate (without a reminder) was 41.1%. A total of 2,201 patients received reminder phone calls; on average, patients received 1.61 reminder calls each. The reminder interventions increased the average FIT kit return rate to 60.7%. The average total cost per FIT kit returned across all FQHCs was $60.18, and the average cost of only the reminders was $11.20 per FIT kit returned. FQHCs achieved an average increase of 19.6 percentage points in FIT kit return rates, and costs across clinics varied. Clinics with high-quality health information systems that enabled tracking of patients with minimal effort were able to implement lower cost reminder interventions.

Some effects of handling techniques on returns of tagged Australian salmon, Arripis trutta (Bloch & Schneider)

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Return Rate ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Scale Removal ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Behaviour Changes

Return rates of different tag types used on Australian salmon were briefly reviewed. Internal tags, especially with attached plastic streamers, were clearly superior. The effects of time held before tagging and injury (including scale removal) on return rate were investigated. There was no evidence of any mortality caused by these factors and salmon appear to be a robust species, little affected by the stress caused by tagging operations. However, when fish were held under adverse conditions for long periods, or when wounds were pronounced, behaviour changes were evident, which resulted in the non- participation of affected fish in movements from juvenile to adult areas. Such behavioural changes may be of importance in analysing tag data from other pelagic migratory species that could be more easily affected by stress.

scholarly journals Return Rate, Fidelity, and Dispersal in a Breeding Population of Flammulated Owls (Otus Flammeolus)

The Auk ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-275
Author(s):  
Brian D. Linkhart ◽  
Richard T. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Population ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Lifetime Reproductive Success ◽  
Breeding Dispersal ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Territory Fidelity ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Total Productivity ◽  
First Time

Abstract We estimated annual return rate, fidelity, and breeding dispersal in a migratory population of Flammulated Owls (Otus flammeolus) in central Colorado. Return rates, based on capture-recapture histories of 39 males and 52 females from 1981 to 2003, were higher for males (84%) than for females (45%). Annual recapture probability was higher for females, because breeders are easier to capture than nonbreeders and females always attempted to nest, whereas some males were unpaired (did not nest) for up to four years. Territory fidelity was male biased (92%, vs. 56% for females, adjusted for undetected emigration), and mean tenure on territories was more than twice as long for males as for females. Females, but not males, had lower return rates to territories in the year following nesting failure compared with females whose nests were successful. Most males appeared to occupy one territory their entire reproductive lives, countering predictions of habitat-selection models that individuals should move to higher-quality habitats when they become available. We estimated that 74% of pairs retained the same mate in consecutive nesting attempts, but mates that bred together for multiple years had no reproductive advantages over mates that bred together for the first time. In most cases, females dispersed from territories if their mates did not return. When females dispersed, they went to territories where total productivity over the study and lifetime reproductive success of new mates were higher than on original territories, which supports the hypothesis that dispersal by females increases individual fitness. Tasa de Retorno, Fidelidad y Dispersión en una Población Reproductiva de Otus flammeolus

White-Tailed Deer Meat and Marrow Return Rates and Their Application to Eastern Woodlands Archaeology

2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Cregg Madrigal ◽  
Julie Zimmermann Holt
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Element Abundance ◽  
Middle Woodland ◽  
Late Archaic ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Eastern Woodlands ◽  
Return Rates

Zooarchaeological hypotheses concerning prehistoric transport, processing decisions, and social stratification are often tested by correlating archaeological element frequencies with indices of the economic utility of carcass parts. Such indices have not been developed for one of the largest and most important mammals in Eastern Woodlands prehistory, the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We present kilocalorie (Kcal) yields and return rates of meat and marrow from a sample of several white-tailed deer. We then compare the meat and marrow data with skeletal element abundance in two Late Archaic assemblages from New York and a Middle Woodland/early Late Woodland assemblage from Illinois. In both examples, archaeological element abundance is positively correlated with marrow yield and return rate, but negatively correlated or uncorrelated with meat yield and return rate. These results do not provide evidence for differential transport of higher meat-yield carcass parts, but instead may indicate differential processing of high-yield marrow bones after entire deer carcasses were transported to the sites.

scholarly journals Factors affecting bovine ketosis and its association with non-return rate

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-507
Author(s):  
U. B. Lindström ◽  
Marcus Von Bonsdorff ◽  
Jouko Syväjärvi
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Prophylactic Measures

Data on 16406 cows (6025 recorded) from the area of the East & Central Al Society were analysed by least squares procedures. Ketosis incidence was determined from the milk by a commercial keto test reagent by AI technicians in connection with the ordinary first insemination of a particular cow. Ketosis incidence was on average 11.5 %, increased up to about the 4th - 5th parity and was significantly higher in larger herds. Breed did not significantly affect ketosis incidence. There was a tendency for higher incidence with increasing usage of commercial feed mixtures. Cows with ketosis milked less than unaffected ones and cows inseminated earlier than 60 days after calving had significantly higher incidence than cows inseminated later. The complete statistical models accounted for only 5 % (all herds) and 9 % (recorded herds) of variation in ketosis incidence, indicating the need for better measures of the herd environment. Heritabilities for ketosis incidence were not significantly different from zero. Cows with ketosis had significantly poorer non-return rates than unaffected ones, indicating the need for prophylactic measures.

scholarly journals Two Sets of Initial Conditions on Boreal Forest Carbon Storage Economics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri P. Kärenlampi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Forest Carbon Storage ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Capital Return

Two sets of initial conditions are used in the investigation of capital return rate and carbon storage in boreal forests. Firstly, a growth model is applied in young stands as early as the inventory-based model is applicable. Secondly, the growth model is applied to observed wooded stands. Four sets of thinning schedules are investigated in either case. First, the capital return rate is aspired without any restriction. Second, the number of thinnings is restricted to at most one. Third, thinnings are restricted to the removal of only trees thicker than 237 mm. Fourth, commercial thinnings are omitted. The two sets of initial conditions yield similar results. The capital return rate is a weak function of rotation age, which results in variability in the optimal number of thinnings. Reducing the number of thinnings to one increases timber stock but induces a capital return rate deficiency. The deficiency per excess volume unit is smaller if the severity of any thinning is restricted by the removal of large trees only. Omission of thinnings best applies to spruce-dominated stands with stem count less than 2000/ha. Restricted thinning intensity applies to deciduous stands and dense pine stands. The albedo effect increases the benefits of restricted thinnings and increased clearcuttings instead of contradicting the carbon storage.

Fertilization and return rates in Bungaree and Peppin Merino ewes mated in autumn

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (52) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
JR Giles
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Fertilization Failure ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
The Difference

A series of studies was conducted in 1968 and 1969 to compare fertilization rates, return rate, and sperm distribution in the genital tract in Bungaree and Peppin Merino ewes. Differences in lambing rates of the two ewe strains were demonstrated, but there was no major difference in fertilization rate in either year. A significantly higher proportion of Bungaree ewes had less than 1000 sperm in the fallopian tubes 24 hours after service, but there were no significant differences in any other character examined. Contrary to an earlier report, fertilization failure is unlikely to have been a major cause of a difference in the fertility of the two strains in the two years, and embryonic loss is likely to have made a significant contribution to the difference in their fertility.

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