scholarly journals Effects of Magnetic Fields on the Properties of Water Treatedt by Reversed Osmosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi O. Karkush ◽  
Mahmoud D. Ahmed ◽  
Salim M. Al-Ani
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Magnetic Water ◽  
Properties Of Soil

The current study focused on reviewing the rapid growing of using magnetic water in different fields of science and measure the influence of several intensities of magnetization on the chemical and electrical properties of tap water treated by reverse osmosis. The work includes circulation of water for 24 h. in magnetic fields of intensity 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 G. The magnetization of water causes increasing some positive and negative ions in water such as (Mg, K, Na, Cl¯, Alkaline and SiO2) and decreasing some positive and negative ions (Ca and SO3). In the near future, the application of concepts of sustainability development in civil engineering have the to produce structures in harmony with these concepts through using of high-performance materials with less impacts on the environmental and have low cost. The main application of using magnetic water is improvement the geotechnical properties of soil through precipitation of calcite which increases the bond between soil particles and then strength of soil.

scholarly journals Magnetic Field Influence on The Properties of Water Treated by Reverse Osmosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 4433-4439 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Karkush ◽  
M. D. Ahmed ◽  
S. M. A. Al-Ani
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Main Application ◽  
Swelling Soil ◽  
Field Influence ◽  
Magnetic Water

The current study is focused on reviewing the rapid growing of magnetic water use in different science fields and in measuring the influence of several intensities of magnetization on the chemical and electrical properties of tap water treated by reverse osmosis. This work includes water circulation for 24h in magnetic fields of intensities 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000G. The magnetization of water increases some ions in the water such as Mg, K, Na, Cl, and SiO2and decreases Ca and SO3. The main application of magnetic water is the improvement of the geotechnical properties of soft and swelling soil through precipitation of calcite in pores which increases the bond between soil particles and the strength of the soil.

scholarly journals High Definition Map-Based Localization Using ADAS Environment Sensors for Application to Automated Driving Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4924
Author(s):  
Donghoon Shin ◽  
Kang-moon Park ◽  
Manbok Park
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Feature Representation ◽  
Map Matching ◽  
Localization Algorithm ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Vehicle Position ◽  
Near Future

This paper presents high definition (HD) map-based localization using advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) environment sensors for application to automated driving vehicles. A variety of autonomous driving technologies are being developed using expensive and high-performance sensors, but limitations exist due to several practical issues. In respect of the application of autonomous driving cars in the near future, it is necessary to ensure autonomous driving performance by effectively utilizing sensors that are already installed for ADAS purposes. Additionally, the most common localization algorithm, which is usually used lane information only, has a highly unstable disadvantage in the absence of that information. Therefore, it is essential to ensure localization performance with other road features such as guardrails when there are no lane markings. In this study, we would like to propose a localization algorithm that could be implemented in the near future by using low-cost sensors and HD maps. The proposed localization algorithm consists of several sections: environment feature representation with low-cost sensors, digital map analysis and application, position correction based on map-matching, designated validation gates, and extended Kalman filter (EKF)-based localization filtering and fusion. Lane information is detected by monocular vision in front of the vehicle. A guardrail is perceived by radar by distinguishing low-speed object measurements and by accumulating several steps to extract wall features. These lane and guardrail information are able to correct the host vehicle position by using the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm. The rigid transformation between the digital high definition map (HD map) and environment features is calculated through ICP matching. Each corrected vehicle position by map-matching is selected and merged based on EKF with double updating. The proposed algorithm was verified through simulation based on actual driving log data.

scholarly journals The assessment of magnetic water treatment on formation calcium scale on reverse osmosis membranes

2018 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 09001
Author(s):  
Alexey Andrianov ◽  
Evgeny Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Magnetic Treatment ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Calcium Deposits ◽  
Magnetic Water ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Membranes

Reverse osmosis is widely used technology for water desalination. The main problem with reverse osmosis is scaling which reduces the flow and selectivity of membranes. Normally, to prevent salt precipitation, chemicals are added to the feed water or water softening is applied. The literature data on the effect of magnetic treatment on the structure and properties of water and dissolved salts showed that there is no consensus among researchers on the mechanism of magnetic field action to prevent calcium deposits formation. The purpose of current work was to study the effect of magnetic water treatment on the rate of calcium carbonate scale formation on reverse osmosis membranes. Scaling tests were carried out on tap water using the spiral wound module with reverse osmosis membranes. Magnetic treatment efficiency was evaluated by comparison of scaling rate values (amount of calcium carbonate scales accumulated in membrane module) determined throughout experiments with and without magnetic device. The results obtained do not confirm the effect of magnetic treatment on calcium carbonate precipitate formation.

Low-Temperature Sintering and Enhanced Piezoelectric Properties in KNN-LTS Nanopowder Prepared via a Low-Cost Water-Based Sol-Gel Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-603 ◽  
pp. 795-799
Author(s):  
Yu Huan ◽  
Xiao Hui Wang ◽  
Long Tu Li
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Water Based

nanoscale lead-free perovskite powders with a composition of (Na0.52K0.4425Li0.0375)(Nb0.9125Ta0.0375Sb0.05)O3 (KNN-LTS) have been synthesized via a low-cost water-based sol-gel method, to reduce the sintering temperature and enhance the electrical properties. KNN-LTS nanopowders with average particle size of about 20 nm are obtained by citrate precursor sol-gel process, where Nb (OH)5 and Sb2O3 are used to replace the costly mental alkoxides. The sol-gel derived nanopowders can be densified at lower temperature of 940 °C and exhibited excellent electrical properties after sintering at 1020 °C (d33 = 396 pC/N, kp = 50.1% = 1882 and tanδ = 0.02), providing a tremendous potential method for high-performance lead-free ceramics preparation.

Influence of Doping Mn or Ce on the Electrical Properties of PSZT

2013 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 436-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Huang ◽  
De Yi Zheng ◽  
Min Luo
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Piezoelectric Properties ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Doping Amount ◽  
Strontium Zirconate ◽  
Zirconate Titanate

Lead strontium zirconate titanate (PSZT) ceramic is as one kind of piezoelectric materials can convert between stress and electric. Because of high performance, low cost of PSZT material, this kind of material are widely researched [2, 3] and used in the areas such as electrical sensors, actuators, alarm equipments etc [1]. As the more widely applications of the PSZT material, improving its piezoelectric properties becomes more important [4]. In this paper, for improving the electrical properties of PSZT material, elements manganese (Mn) or cerium (Ce) is doped into the bulk PSZT material. It has been found that, when the doping amount of MnO2 is 0.15wt%, the electrical properties are improved to: tgδ=0.0095, kp=0.634, d33=611pC/N and ε=2523. When the doping amount of CeO2 is 0.2wt%, the electrical properties are enhanced to: tgδ=0.0168, kp=0.621, d33=585pC/N, ε=3324.

scholarly journals Acute Shortage Ventilator

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Akerib ◽  
A. Ames ◽  
M. Breidenbach ◽  
M. Bressack ◽  
P. A. Breur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Artificial Lung ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Patient Circuit ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Volume Controlled ◽  
Pressure Controlled

AbstractWe have implemented an “Acute Shortage Ventilator” (ASV) motivated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the possibility of severe ventilator shortages in the near future. The unit cost per ventilator is less than $400 US excluding the patient circuit parts. The ASV mechanically compresses a self-inflating bag resuscitator, uses a modified patient circuit, and is commanded by a microcontroller and an optional laptop. It operates in both Volume-Controlled Assist-Control mode and a Pressure-Controlled Assist-Control mode. It has been tested using an artificial lung against the EURS guidelines. The key design goals were to develop a simple device with high performance for short-term use, made primarily from common hospital parts and generally-available non-medical components, and at low cost and ease in manufacturing.

scholarly journals Effects of Channel Thickness on Electrical Performance and Stability of High-Performance InSnO Thin-Film Transistors

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 929
Author(s):  
Qi Li ◽  
Junchen Dong ◽  
Dedong Han ◽  
Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Thin Film Transistors ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Trap States ◽  
Bias Stress ◽  
Channel Thickness

InSnO (ITO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) attract much attention in fields of displays and low-cost integrated circuits (IC). In the present work, we demonstrate the high-performance, robust ITO TFTs that fabricated at process temperature no higher than 100 °C. The influences of channel thickness (tITO, respectively, 6, 9, 12, and 15 nm) on device performance and positive bias stress (PBS) stability of the ITO TFTs are examined. We found that content of oxygen defects positively correlates with tITO, leading to increases of both trap states as well as carrier concentration and synthetically determining electrical properties of the ITO TFTs. Interestingly, the ITO TFTs with a tITO of 9 nm exhibit the best performance and PBS stability, and typical electrical properties include a field-effect mobility (µFE) of 37.69 cm2/Vs, a Von of −2.3 V, a SS of 167.49 mV/decade, and an on–off current ratio over 107. This work paves the way for practical application of the ITO TFTs.

scholarly journals Acute Shortage Ventilator (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
SLAC Stanford ◽  
Andrew Ames ◽  
Martin Breidenbach ◽  
Michael Bressack ◽  
Pieter A Breur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Artificial Lung ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Patient Circuit ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Volume Controlled ◽  
Pressure Controlled

UNSTRUCTURED We have implemented an Acute Shortage Ventilator (ASV) motivated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the possibility of severe ventilator shortages in the near future. The unit cost per ventilator is less than $400 US excluding the patient circuit parts. The ASV mechanically compresses a self-inflating bag resuscitator, uses a modified patient circuit, and is commanded by a microcontroller and an optional laptop. It operates in both Volume-Controlled Assist-Control mode and a Pressure-Controlled Assist-Control mode. It has been tested using an artificial lung against the EURS guidelines. The key design goals were to develop a simple device with high performance for short-term use, made primarily from common hospital parts and generally-available non-medical components, and at low cost and ease in manufacturing.

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