scholarly journals Spontaneous Left Cardiac Isomerism in Chick Embryos: Case Report, Review of the Literature, and Possible Significance for the Understanding of Ventricular Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy in the Setting of Human Heterotaxy Syndromes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Männer
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Left Isomerism ◽  
Inner Organs ◽  
Cardiovascular Defects ◽  
Right Isomerism ◽  
Heterotaxy Syndromes ◽  
Made In

Except for a few species, the outer shape of vertebrates normally is characterized by bilateral symmetry. The inner organs, on the other hand, normally are arranged in bilaterally asymmetric patterns, which are of special importance for the normal function of the cardiovascular system of lung-breathing vertebrates. Deviations from the normal organ asymmetry can occur in the form of mirror imagery of the normal arrangement (situs inversus), or in the form of arrangements that have the tendency for development of bilateral symmetry, either in a pattern of bilateral left-sideness (left isomerism) or bilateral right-sidedness (right isomerism). The latter two forms of visceral situs anomalies are called “heterotaxy syndromes”. During the past 30 years, remarkable progress has been made in uncovering of the genetic etiology of heterotaxy syndromes. However, the pathogenetic mechanisms causing the spectrum of cardiovascular defects found in these syndromes remain poorly understood. In the present report, a spontaneous case of left cardiac isomerism found in a HH-stage 23 chick embryo is described. The observations made in this case suggest that hearts with left cardiac isomerism may have the tendency for development of a non-compaction cardiomyopathy caused by defective development of the proepicardium.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Left Cardiac Isomerism in Chick Embryos: Case Report, Review of the Literature, and Possible Significance for the Understanding of Ventricular Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy in the Setting of Human Heterotaxy Syndromes

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Jörg Männer
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Normal Organ ◽  
Left Isomerism ◽  
Inner Organs ◽  
Cardiovascular Defects ◽  
Right Isomerism ◽  
Heterotaxy Syndromes ◽  
Remarkable Progress ◽  
Made In

The outer shape of most vertebrates is normally characterized by bilateral symmetry. The inner organs, on the other hand, are normally arranged in bilaterally asymmetric patterns. Congenital deviations from the normal organ asymmetry can occur in the form of mirror imagery of the normal arrangement (situs inversus), or in the form of arrangements that have the tendency for the development of bilateral symmetry, either in a pattern of bilateral left-sidedness (left isomerism) or bilateral right-sidedness (right isomerism). The latter two forms of visceral situs anomalies are called “heterotaxy syndromes”. During the past 30 years, remarkable progress has been made in uncovering the genetic etiology of heterotaxy syndromes. However, the pathogenetic mechanisms causing the spectrum of cardiovascular defects found in these syndromes remain poorly understood. In the present report, a spontaneous case of left cardiac isomerism found in an HH-stage 23 chick embryo is described. The observations made in this case confirmed the existence of molecular isomerism in the ventricular chambers previously noted in mouse models. They, furthermore, suggest that hearts with left cardiac isomerism may have the tendency for the development of non-compaction cardiomyopathy caused by defective development of the proepicardium.

The Chemical Effect in Medicine Interaction Determining the Form and Speed of Psychical Involution in the Prosthetic Restauration in the Edentulous

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2306-2310
Author(s):  
Aureliana Caraiane ◽  
Razvan Leata ◽  
Veronica Toba ◽  
Doina Vesa ◽  
Luana Andreea Macovei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chemical Effect ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Dramatic Form ◽  
Specific Disorders ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Made In

The progress made in dentistry during the latest decades is due, conceptually, to the new, systemic vision of man, which has also taken place in this field of medicine. In this context, the link between organic and psychic is indestructible. Thus illness is understood as a drama in which the somatic process has a psychic value, and the mental one has a body value. It is known that the morphological and functional integrity of the dental system, health and vigorousness, gives the individual a state of well-being that affects his somatic and psychic health, as any disturbance at this level entails repercussions in psychological and social behavior. Such a disruption is the total edification that seriously alters not only the dental system but the whole organism, putting various biological and psychosocial problems to the practitioner. The total expression represents not only a physical disability but also a psychological one. A special importance in studying psychological changes at total edentulous presents the psychological aspects of senile involution. This is not only a theoretical but also a practical importance due to the increase in the number of elderly people. Through the researches of the present paper we intend to present the reality of the psychological manifestations in the total edentation, which is objectified on different methods of psychodiagnosis in the first part, in order for the second part to be addressed to problems of prosthetic psychotherapy.The study comprises a group of 43 patients, of whom 24 were men and 19 women with total uni or bimaxilar edentation. Total edentation can be and is responsible for somatopsychic alterations, along with other pathogens, general, local, social, which sometimes can take a dramatic form, converting, where the area is also favorable, a pure somatic disease, for those who are not in psychopathy or even psychosis, although these latter cases are extremely rare and especially in youngsters, which would disrupt not only the person�s behavior as an individual, but also their status, function and social integrity. The treatment of dental and psychological complex is mandatory for any patient, but especially for the elderly, where recovery is more difficult, with disease-specific disorders adding to those of senescence.

A SIMPLE RAPID METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF SMALL SAMPLES OF URINE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 814-818
Author(s):  
Allen S. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Gradient System ◽  
Small Opening ◽  
Flotation Method ◽  
Made In

THE THERAPY of infants with disturbances in fluid balance is greatly assisted by knowledge of the specific gravity of the urine. Frequently only a few milliliters can be collected at any one time, while a minimum sample of 25 ml is necessary for use of the smallest urinometers currently available. The existing methods of determining specific gravity of one drop of urine are somewhat laborious, and require expensive equipment and the services of a relatively skilled technician. The present report describes a method which is rapid and simple and requires only a few drops of urine in its use. It is similar in principle to the determination of specific gravity of blood by the copper-sulfate method. For use with urine, mixtures are employed of two relatively nonvolatile liquids, immiscible with water, and with specific gravities nearly equally above and below the range in urine. The specific gravity of urine is determined by allowing one drop to fall into each of a series of tubes containing a mixture of the two liqquids made up to various specific gravities ranging from 1.005 to 1.030 (Fig. 1). That mixture in which the drop of urine comes most nearly to remaining still (neither rising nor falling after coming to rest) approximates the specific gravity of the urine. The total sample needed is only a few drops, which can be quite small if a dropper with a small opening (2 mm) is used. The determination takes a few minutes. A year's supply of the mixtures can be made in one afternoon and costs less than $6.00. MATERIALS The two solutions used were selected from the flotation method of Kirk, using a density gradient system. These are Liquid 1, dibutyl-n-phthalate (Eastman), specific gravity 1.04820°; and Liquid 2, kerosene, specific gravity 0.8220°. (Similar results were obtained by substituting California mineral oil, specific gravity 0.842-0.88420°, for kerosene.)

scholarly journals Pre natal evaluation of heterotaxy syndrome by fetal echocardiography and correlating with autopsy

Ultrasound ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Madhavilatha Routhu ◽  
Imran Ali Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Heterotaxy Syndrome ◽  
Fetal Autopsy ◽  
Cardiac Anomalies ◽  
Left Isomerism ◽  
Right Isomerism ◽  
Visceral Heterotaxy

Introduction Heterotaxy syndrome/ isomerism is characterized by an abnormal symmetry of the viscera that are normally dissimilar due to abnormal lateralization of thoracic and abdominal viscera and is frequently associated with complex cardiac anomalies. Isomerism may be of right or left. Materials and methods This article describes the morphological characteristics of heterotaxy and suggests an approach in evaluating the spectrum of abnormalities associated with this syndrome. This study is based on 12 cases diagnosed on antenatal ultrasound as heterotaxy syndrome. Results of the examinations were re-evaluated and compared by fetal autopsy. Result Based on the following echocardiographic criteria, a diagnosis of left isomerism was made if there was viscerocardiac heterotaxy associated with an interruption of inferior vena cava or with bilateral finger-like atrial appendages or if it was associated with heart block. If there was evidence of viscerocardiac heterotaxy with complex cardiac anomalies then it was diagnosed as right atrial isomerism or visceral heterotaxy syndrome. We diagnosed 6/12 as left isomerism and rest of the cases as right isomerism/visceral heterotaxy syndrome. In Autopsy we evaluated visceral situs and morphology of the lungs and the main bronchi, the state of the liver, spleen, bowel, and the precise anatomy of the heart and confirmed 4/12 as left isomerism 4/12 as right isomerism and two cases as visceral heterotaxy syndrome (VHS). Rest of the two cases were included in the study despite missing autopsy data, as the combination of abnormal situs with interrupted inferior vena cava, and cardiac malformation allowed a diagnosis of left isomerism with high probability. Conclusion In this study, we aimed to find common features of heterotaxy syndrome on prenatal ultrasound as well as on fetal autopsy. This syndrome should be accurately diagnosed in the prenatal period in order to allow appropriate counseling of parents.

Growth forms in the Alismatales. II. Two rhizomatous species: Sagittaria lancifolia and Butomus umbellatus

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (21) ◽  
pp. 2353-2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Lieu
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Study ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Sagittaria Lancifolia ◽  
Adult Form ◽  
Lateral Bud ◽  
Made In

A comparative morphological study of Sagittaria lancifolia and Butomus umbellatus over their life cycles was undertaken. The two are very similar in adult form, characterized by apical bifurcation to form inflorescence and continuation growth as in other members of the Alismatidae.and also by rhizomatous growth with a subterminal apex. Embryo and seedling stages in S. lancifolia are comparable to other members of the Alismataceae previously studied. Rhizomatous form and bilateral symmetry are secondarily acquired during ontogeny. The inflorescence is leaf opposed and S. lancifolia is organizationally similar to other species of Alismataceae with upright vegetative axes. From this, a sympodial interpretation of the rhizome may be made. In contrast, the bilaterally symmetric growth form in Butomus is manifested from the start. The leaf-subtended inflorescence and other features of organization suggest that it cannot easily be compared with S. lancifolia or other members of Alismataceae. Here, a stronger case may be made for a monopodial construction. Axillary bud distributions support these conclusions. In addition, both species branch by a relatively precocious lateral bud associated topographically with the inflorescence.

The Individual and Society in Gandhi's Political Thought

1969 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-320
Author(s):  
Indira Rothermund
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Indian Philosophy ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Freedom Movement ◽  
Made In

The problem of the relation of the individual to society and to the state was central to Gandhi's political thought and action. It has been said that Gandhi's “deliberate onslaught on the creed of individualism as it has been in operation during the last two or three centuries gave it a mortal blow.” How are statements like this to be reconciled with the fact that Gandhi appealed to individual conviction in his campaigns?In analyzing this problem we should look at the main concepts of social and political philosophy which had an impact on Gandhi's life and thought. Indian philosophy is of special importance in this context and therefore a major part of this paper is devoted to the discussion of Indian concepts and ideas as they were understood and interpreted by Gandhi. Much of Gandhi's thought and action can be explained only in terms of the historical situation and the social setting of his day and age. But Gandhi's campaigns and his contribution to the Indian freedom movement have been described by many authors and therefore no attempt is made in this paper to outline the course of events.

Development of Paw Preference in Rats following Unilateral Cortical Ablations in Infancy

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Webster ◽  
Kristina Shoup
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Cortical Lesions ◽  
Posterior Cortex ◽  
Paw Preference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Made In

Rats which received unilateral anterior cortical lesions in infancy manifested a preference for the paw contralateral to the intact hemisphere when tested at 5 wk. and at 10 wk. of age. That this effect was locus specific and was not due to a change in the over-all balance of activity between the hemispheres was indicated by the fact that similar lesions made in the posterior cortex did not influence which paw the animals subsequently preferred. The posterior lesions, however, may have lowered the frequency of ambidexterity, a finding interpreted in terms of theoretical arguments concerning bilateral symmetry and the discrimination and memory of left and right.

Hydraulic conductivity of deeply weathered materials in the Darling Range, Western Australia

Soil Research ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Peck ◽  
PA Yendle ◽  
FE Batini
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Gaussian Function ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Grid Points ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Made In

The hydraulic conductivity (K) of unconsolidated, deeply weathered material was measured by the slug test method In 214 boreholes distributed over five distinct areas in the Darling Range of Western Australia. Most of the measurements were made in the zone 0-3 m above hard rock. Theory of the method was extended to include a layer of material with lower K about the slotted pipe. The frequency distribution of K in each area was well fitted by the log-normal function. Parameters of the linear regression of logK against the inverse Gaussian function of cumulative frequency differed significantly (P<0.001) between areas. In one area of 134 ha, measurements were made in 54 boreholes located on a grid. There was a very poor correlation between values of K at the smallest separation of grid points (100 m), which suggests that there is an essentially random spatial variation of K measured by this method in this study area. Assuming log-normal frequency distributions and random spatial distributions, bulk conductivities were estimated for each area. On the basis of these investigations, it is concluded that the bulk hydraulic conductivity of the weathered material in the Darling Range is slow to moderately slow, and relatively uniform on the broad scale.

Arrangement of the systemic and pulmonary venous components of the atrial chambers in hearts with isomeric atrial appendages

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jee-Yeon Min ◽  
Chi-Yon Kim ◽  
Mee Hye Oh ◽  
Yi Kyeong Chun ◽  
Yeon-Lim Suh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operative Management ◽  
The Body ◽  
Compound Structure ◽  
Left Isomerism ◽  
Right Isomerism ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractBackgroundThe morphological definition of atrial chambers, and the determination of atrial laterality, are based on analysis of the structure of the atrial appendages. The systemic and pulmonary venous connections to the heart, nonetheless, are important in the management of patients having isomeric appendages. In this study, therefore, we analysed the morphology of the postero-superior walls of the atrial chambers so as to provide evidence concerning the morphogenetic background of those hearts, and to improve operative management.MethodsWe reviewed 15 autopsied specimens with isomeric right appendages, and 10 with isomeric left appendages, paying particular attention to the morphology of the systemic and pulmonary venous connections. The postero-superior walls of the atrial chambers can be made up of the atrial body, the systemic venous components, or the pulmonary venous component. We analysed the contributions made by each of these components.ResultsThe postero-superior walls of the atrial chambers were markedly variable, but could be grouped into five patterns. Bilaterally well-developed systemic venous components and absence of the pulmonary venous component within the hypoplastic atrial body were present in 9 hearts with extracardiac pulmonary venous connections in the setting of right isomerism. Bilaterally well-developed systemic venous components, and a hypoplastic pulmonary venous component within the hypoplastic atrial body, were present in 5 hearts with intracardiac pulmonary venous connections in right isomerism. Bilaterally well-developed systemic venous components, and a hypoplastic pulmonary venous component within the sizable atrial body, were present in 1 heart with an intracardiac pulmonary venous connection in right isomerism. A well-developed pulmonary venous component within the atrial body, and hypoplasia of one systemic venous component, were present in 7 hearts with left isomerism. A well-developed pulmonary venous component within the atrial body, and hypoplasia of bilateral systemic venous components, were present in 3 hearts with left isomerism.ConclusionsThe postero-superior walls of the atrial chambers in hearts with isomeric atrial appendages can be analysed on the basis of a compound structure made of bilateral systemic venous components, a central pulmonary venous component, and the body of the atrium. Hearts with isomeric right appendages have absence or hypoplasia of the pulmonary venous component, while hearts with isomeric left appendages have hypoplastic systemic venous components.

Pulmonary and systemic arteriovenous fistulas in patients with left isomerism

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Kawata ◽  
Hidefumi Kishimoto ◽  
Seiichiro Ikawa ◽  
Takayoshi Ueno ◽  
Tohru Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Vasoactive Agent ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Left Isomerism ◽  
Hepatic Venous Blood ◽  
Right Isomerism ◽  
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistulas

AbstractAbstract Hepatic venous blood has been thought to play some role as a vasoactive agent in the development of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas in patients with congenital heart disease. During the last 15 years, we have observed pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas in 3, and systemic arteriovenous fistulas in 2, patients from our 16 cases of left isomerism. During the same period, neither pulmonary nor systemic arteriovenous fistulas were detected among 50 patients with right isomerism. Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas had developed in the absence of surgery in 1 of the patients. Both pulmonary and systemic fistulas were detected in an another patient, in whom the hepatic venous blood bypassed the pulmonary circulation. The level of somatostatin, which is known to reduce splanchnic blood flow, was high in the systemic venous blood of this patient. Although the mechanism of development of the fistulas has yet to be clarified, we should be aware that not only pulmonary, but also systemic arteriovenous fistulas can be found in patients with left isomerism, even prior to any surgical intervention.

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