scholarly journals Infodemiological Study on COVID-19 Epidemic and COVID-19 Infodemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwen Hu ◽  
Zhongliang Yang ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
An Zhang ◽  
Yongfeng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Bias ◽  
Fair Share ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Chinese Official ◽  
Critical Reviews ◽  
Naming Practices

Less aligned emphasis has been given to the COVID-19 infodemic coordinating with the COVID-19 outbreak. Global profusion of tangled monikers and hashtags has found their ways in daily communication and contributed to backlash against Chinese. Official naming efforts against infodemic should be meet with a fair share of identification. Based on brief critical reviews on previous multifarious naming practices, we punctuate heuristic introspection in scientific conventions and sociocultural paradigms. Infodemiological analysis promises to articulate that people around the globe are divided in their favor stigmatized monikers in the public and scientific communities because of perceptual bias. There is no positive correlation between the degree of infection in their territories and collective perceptual bias to COVID-19. The official portfolio “COVID-19” and “SARS-CoV-2” has not become de facto standard usages, but full-fledged official names are excepted to duly contribute to the resilience of negative perceptual bias and collective behavioral propensities.

scholarly journals Infodemiological Study on COVID-19 Epidemic and COVID-19 Infodemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwen Hu ◽  
Zhongliang Yang ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
An Zhang ◽  
Yongfeng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Bias ◽  
Fair Share ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Chinese Official ◽  
Critical Reviews ◽  
Naming Practices

Less aligned emphasis has been given to the COVID-19 infodemic coordinating with the COVID-19 outbreak. Global profusion of tangled monikers and hashtags has found their ways in daily communication and contributed to backlash against Chinese. Official naming efforts against infodemic should be meet with a fair share of identification. Based on brief critical reviews on previous multifarious naming practices, we punctuate heuristic introspection in scientific conventions and sociocultural paradigms. Infodemiological analysis promises to articulate that people around the globe are divided in their favor stigmatized monikers in the public and scientific communities because of perceptual bias. There is no positive correlation between the degree of infection in their territories and collective perceptual bias to COVID-19. The official portfolio “COVID-19” and “SARS-CoV-2” has not become de facto standard usages, but full-fledged official names are excepted to duly contribute to the resilience of negative perceptual bias and collective behavioral propensities.

Infodemiological study on COVID-19 epidemic and COVID-19 infodemic (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwen Hu ◽  
Zhongliang Yang ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
An Zhang ◽  
Yongfeng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Bias ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Respiratory Tract Disease ◽  
Fair Share ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Chinese Official ◽  
Tract Disease

UNSTRUCTURED Less aligned emphasis has been given to the COVID-19 infodemic coordinating with the COVID-19 outbreak. Global profusion of tangled monikers and hashtags has found their ways in daily communication and contributed to backlash against Chinese. Official naming efforts against infodemic should be meet with a fair share of identification. Based on brief critical reviews on previous multifarious naming practices, we punctuate heuristic introspection in scientific conventions and sociocultural paradigms. Infodemiological analysis promises to articulate that people around the globe are divided in their favor stigmatized monikers in the public and scientific communities because of perceptual bias. There is no positive correlation between the degree of infection in their territories and collective perceptual bias against COVID-19. The official portfolio “COVID-19” and “SARS-CoV-2” has not become de facto standard usages, but full-fledged official names are excepted to duly contribute to the resilience of negative perceptual bias and collective behavioral propensities amid public panic. As an integral component of preparedness, appropriate nomenclatures should be duly assigned to the newly identified coronavirus and caused respiratory tract disease in humans amid global public health crisis.

scholarly journals Infodemiological study on COVID-19 epidemic and COVID-19 infodemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwen Hu ◽  
Zhongliang Yang ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
An Zhang ◽  
Yongfeng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Bias ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Respiratory Tract Disease ◽  
Fair Share ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Chinese Official ◽  
Tract Disease

Abstract Background Less aligned emphasis has been given to the COVID-19 infodemic coordinating with the COVID-19 outbreak. Global profusion of tangled monikers and hashtags has found their ways in daily communication and contributed to backlash against Chinese. Official naming efforts against infodemic should be meet with a fair share of identification. Based on brief critical reviews on previous multifarious naming practices, we punctuate heuristic introspection in scientific conventions and sociocultural paradigms. Methods Infodemiological analysis promises to articulate that people around the globe are divided in their favor stigmatized monikers in the public and scientific communities because of perceptual bias. Results There is no positive correlation between the degree of infection in their territories and collective perceptual bias against COVID-19. The official portfolio “COVID-19” and “SARS-CoV-2” has not become de facto standard usages, but full-fledged official names are excepted to duly contribute to the resilience of negative perceptual bias and collective behavioral propensities amid public panic. Conclusions As an integral component of preparedness, appropriate nomenclatures should be duly assigned to the newly identified coronavirus and caused respiratory tract disease in humans amid global public health crisis.

Values in Science and the Erosion of Trust

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada de Melo-Martín ◽  
Kristen Intemann
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Values In Science ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Political Values ◽  
The Public

This chapter considers another factor that plays a role in eroding the public’s trust in science: concerns about the negative influence of nonepistemic values in science, particularly in controversial areas of inquiry with important effects on public policy. It shows that the credibility of scientists can be undermined when the public perceives that scientists have a political agenda or will be biased by their own personal or political values. However, to assume that the best way to address this problem is try to eliminate such values from science altogether would be a mistake. Ethical and social values are necessary and important to knowledge production. Consequently, the chapter explores alternative strategies to increase transparency and stakeholder involvement so as to address legitimate concerns about bias and sustain warranted trust in scientific communities.

scholarly journals Science needs more external evaluation, not less

2021 ◽  
pp. 053901842110191
Author(s):  
Loes Knaapen
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Well Being ◽  
External Evaluation ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Quantitative Performance ◽  
The Many ◽  
Lay Public

When science is evaluated by bureaucrats and administrators, it is usually done by quantified performance metrics, for the purpose of economic productivity. Olof Hallonsten criticizes both the means (quantification) and purpose (economization) of such external evaluation. I share the concern that such neoliberal performance metrics are shallow, over-simplified and inaccurate, but differ in how best to oppose this reductionism. Hallonsten proposes to replace quantitative performance metrics with qualitative in-depth evaluation of science, which would keep evaluation internal to scientific communities. I argue that such qualitative internal evaluation will not be enough to challenge current external evaluation since it does little to counteract neoliberal politics, and fails to provide the accountability that science owes the public. To assure that the many worthy purposes of science (i.e. truth, democracy, well-being, justice) are valued and pursued, I argue science needs more and more diverse external evaluation. The diversification of science evaluation can go in many directions: towards both quantified performance metrics and qualitative internal assessments and beyond economic productivity to value science’s broader societal contributions. In addition to administrators and public servants, science evaluators must also include diverse counterpublics of scientists: civil society, journalists, interested lay public and scientists themselves. More diverse external evaluation is perhaps no more accurate than neoliberal quantified metrics, but by valuing the myriad contributions of science and the diversity of its producers and users, it is hopefully less partial and perhaps more just.

scholarly journals Measuring corruption: whose perceptions should we rely on? Evidence from Iceland"

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gissur Ólafur Erlingsson ◽  
Gunnar Helgi Kristinsson
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
General Public ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Perceptual Bias ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
The Public ◽  
Corruption Perception ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
International Corruption

The extent of corruption in Iceland is highly contested. International corruption measures indicate a relatively small amount of corruption while domestic public opinion suggest a serious corruption problem. Thus, uncertainty prevails about the actual extent of corruption and whose perceptions to rely on. This problem is relevant for corruption research in general. Perceptions are increasingly used as proxies for the actual levels of corruption in comparative research. But we still do not know enough about the accuracy of these proxies or the criteria they must meet in order to give dependable results. In fact, radical differences exist concerning evaluations of perceptions between those who believe in unbiased learning and those believing perceptual bias to be widespread. The purpose of this article is, therefore, to attempt to gauge which factors may influence how perceptions of corruption are shaped and why differences in corruption perceptions between different groups may be so pronounced. We present findings from original survey data from three parallel surveys – among the "public", experts, and "municipal practitioners" – conducted in Iceland in 2014. Expectations based on the perceptual bias approach are tested, indicating that perceptions may be affected by (1) information factors, (2) direct experience of corruption and (3) emotive factors. The validity of perception measures should be considered with this in mind. Domestic experts are likely to be well informed and avoid perceptual bias to a greater extent than other groups. Our examination of the Icelandic case suggests that the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) tends to underestimate corruption problems in "mature welfare states", such as Iceland, whilst the general public tends to overestimate it.

scholarly journals Strategies for Recruiting Non-Hispanic Black Men into the Field of Pediatrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Clark Gilford
Keyword(s):  
Social Issue ◽  
African American ◽  
Cultural Competence ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Pediatric Medicine ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Future

The focus of this work is on the root causes of the current lack of African American/non-Hispanic Black (NHB) men in the field of medicine and, especially, in pediatric medicine. The lack of diversity could serve to the detriment of the future directions of pediatric medicine. With supporting data, we argue that the low statistics of NHB men in the field reflect a social issue that can be resolved by the action of pediatricians across America. Therefore, we are convinced that the included information and suggested strategies are a valuable contribution to all scientific communities. Success of NHB male inclusion in medicine ultimately benefits the health of the public by facilitating cultural competence and increasing racial and ethnic concordance.

scholarly journals Public Emotions and Rumors Spread During the COVID-19 Epidemic in China: Web-Based Correlation Study

10.2196/21933 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. e21933
Author(s):  
Wei Dong ◽  
Jinhu Tao ◽  
Xiaolin Xia ◽  
Lin Ye ◽  
Hanli Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Study ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Inappropriate Behaviors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Time Lagged ◽  
The Relationship

Background Various online rumors have led to inappropriate behaviors among the public in response to the COVID-19 epidemic in China. These rumors adversely affect people’s physical and mental health. Therefore, a better understanding of the relationship between public emotions and rumors during the epidemic may help generate useful strategies for guiding public emotions and dispelling rumors. Objective This study aimed to explore whether public emotions are related to the dissemination of online rumors in the context of COVID-19. Methods We used the web-crawling tool Scrapy to gather data published by People’s Daily on Sina Weibo, a popular social media platform in China, after January 8, 2020. Netizens’ comments under each Weibo post were collected. Nearly 1 million comments thus collected were divided into 5 categories: happiness, sadness, anger, fear, and neutral, based on the underlying emotional information identified and extracted from the comments by using a manual identification process. Data on rumors spread online were collected through Tencent’s Jiaozhen platform. Time-lagged cross-correlation analyses were performed to examine the relationship between public emotions and rumors. Results Our results indicated that the angrier the public felt, the more rumors there would likely be (r=0.48, P<.001). Similar results were observed for the relationship between fear and rumors (r=0.51, P<.001) and between sadness and rumors (r=0.47, P<.001). Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between happiness and rumors, with happiness lagging the emergence of rumors by 1 day (r=0.56, P<.001). In addition, our data showed a significant positive correlation between fear and fearful rumors (r=0.34, P=.02). Conclusions Our findings confirm that public emotions are related to the rumors spread online in the context of COVID-19 in China. Moreover, these findings provide several suggestions, such as the use of web-based monitoring methods, for relevant authorities and policy makers to guide public emotions and behavior during this public health emergency.

The Important Roles of Dissent

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada de Melo-Martín ◽  
Kristen Intemann
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Scientific Consensus ◽  
Critical Scrutiny ◽  
Critical Process ◽  
Epistemic Obligations

This chapter offers an overview of the ways in which dissent from a scientific consensus is epistemically valuable. It contends that dissent furthers scientific progress in various ways, including correcting false empirical assumptions, providing alternative ways of conceiving phenomena, and challenging value judgments. Dissent can also strengthen the justification for consensus views as such views are more likely to be reliable when they survive critical scrutiny, than if they go unchallenged. Similarly, dissent can foster warranted public trust in science because it can assure the public that scientific inquiry is an open and critical process. The chapter also points out that because dissent has these benefits, it imposes epistemic obligations on scientific communities.

Common Cause: Public Health and Bacteriology in Germany, 1870–1895

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne I. Hardy ◽  
Anne I. Hardy ◽  
Mikael Hård
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Cognitive Differences ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Movement ◽  
Scientific Facts ◽  
Circulation Of Knowledge ◽  
Public Health Movement

The concept of appropriation has been applied in various contexts to investigate how different groups in society approach new scientific facts and technical artifacts in an active and creative manner. In this article we introduce the concept of “mutual appropriation” to describe the circulation of knowledge between scientific communities, in this case public health doctors and bacteriologists. In much the same way as Bruno Latour has shown for the French Pasteuriens, the German bacteriologists around Robert Koch adapted their research agenda to the interests of the Hygieniker. Conversely, most members of the public health movement appropriated bacteriological arguments and integrated them in multifactorial etiologies, thus modifying existing theories. Despite cognitive differences, the collaboration was guided by a sense of a common cause that was reinforced by a feeling of urgency due to the 1892 cholera epidemic in Hamburg.

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