Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Caused by the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Practical Comprehensive Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Montenegro ◽  
Luis Unigarro ◽  
Gustavo Paredes ◽  
Tatiana Moya ◽  
Ana Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Introduction: The exponential growth of the SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission during the first months of 2020 has placed substantial pressure on health systems worldwide. The complications derived from the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vary in due to comorbidities, sex and age, with more than 50% of the patients who require some level of intensive care developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Areas covered: Various complications caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection have been identified, the most lethal being the acute respiratory distress syndrome, caused most likely by the presence of severe immune cell response and the concomitant alveolus inflammation. The authors carried out an extensive and comprehensive literature review on SARS-CoV-2 infection, the clinical, pathological and radiological presentation as well as the current treatment strategies. Expert Opinion Elevation of inflammatory biomarkers is a common trend among seriously ill patients. The information available strongly suggests that in COVID-19 patients, their altered immune response, including a massive cytokine storm, is responsible for the further damage evidenced among ARDS patients. The increasingly high number of scientific articles and evidence available can only suggest that the individualization of each case is the norm, not all patients with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 meet the Berlin definition and therefore ARDS should be considered as a heterogeneous disease, with a wide range in the expression of its severity and clinical manifestations.

scholarly journals Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (PARDS) On Pediatric COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Siti Rahmah ◽  
Lalu Wahyu Alfian Muharzami ◽  
Lastri Akhdani Almaesy ◽  
Putri Nurhayati ◽  
Ridha Sasmitha A
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Handling Technique ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

At the end of 2019, there was a pandemic happening in the world, called the novel Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Various spectrums of disease from COVID-19, one of which is ARDS. The incidence of COVID-19 in children is not as much as in adults. However, in children under one year of age it can get worse. The main characteristic of worsening infection is the occurrence of ARDS.  Objective: To find out the best treatment for PARDS in COVID-19 patients. Method: The writing of this article uses various sources from scientific journals to government guidelines and related institutions. Search articles using the keywords “Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome”, “ARDS”, “Pediatric Respiratory Distress Syndrome”, “PARDS”, and “PARDS on COVID-19” Result and Discussion: PARDS was defined based on PALICC in 2015. Pathophysiology of PARDS in COVID-19 patients is still unclear. However, there is a theory that explains the way SARS-Cov-2 enters cells, namely through membrane fusion, giving rise to ARDS. The difference in handling PARDS for COVID-19 patients is that the handling technique is more alert to the risk of aerosols. Conclusions: There are differences in the handling of PARDS for COVID-19 patients in the technique by reducing the risk of virus transmission by preventing leakage when using a ventilator and using a bacterial/virus filter, as well as rescuers and staff using complete PPE during the procedure.

scholarly journals The novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) complicated by pulmonary embolism and acute respiratory distress syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 2205-2208
Author(s):  
Ting Li ◽  
Guang‐Shing Cheng ◽  
Sudhakar N. J. Pipavath ◽  
Gregory A. Kicska ◽  
Liangjin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

CLINIC AND COMPLICATIONS OF COVID-19 CORONAVIRUS DISEASE WITH PATHOGENESIS ELEMENTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
I. V. Аndrusovich
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract

The longer the COVID−19 coronavirus pandemic lasts, the more information about its clinical manifestations is accumulated. The incubation period of COVID−19 ranges from 2 to 14 days, rarely up to 3 weeks, but in a significant number of cases an infection is not accompanied with the appearance of clinical symptoms. Currently, the following variants of the clinical course of COVID−19 can be identified as follows: viral load; subclinical; slight; uncomplicated with damage to only the upper respiratory tract; mild pneumonia, severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, etc. The clinical course of COVID−19 depends on the severity, the criteria of which are the intoxication manifestation, the degree of fever and the dominant syndrome. Mild / moderate forms are manifested by frequent increase in body temperature up to 38 ° C, respiratory symptoms, headache, myalgias, palpitations and general malaise. Patients stop distinguishing smells and feel the taste of food. Approximately from the 7th to the 9th days of the disease there are problems with breathing, which indicates the impairment of the lower respiratory tract and the beginning of the second phase of the disease, and its course is regarded as severe. Severe forms of the disease can also be manifested by impaired coordination of movements, slurred speech. In 1 to 4 % of patients there is developed the psychosis in the form of hallucinations. In the elderly, COVID−19 may be accompanied by delirium, lowering blood pressure. The risks of adverse disease are associated with somatic diseases: cardiovascular and nervous systems, respiratory tract, hormonal disorders, etc. Otitis, sinusitis, sepsis, bronchopulmonary infection, thrombosis, myocarditis etc. can be the complications of COVID−19. Computer tomography is an instrumental test that demonstrates the damage of lungs with coronavirus and allows to assess its severity. Key words: coronavirus infection, COVID−19, clinical variants, severity, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome.

scholarly journals Acute respiratory distress syndrome due to vivax malaria: case report and literature review

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
André V. Lomar ◽  
José E. Vidal ◽  
Frederico P. Lomar ◽  
Carmen Valente Barbas ◽  
Gustavo Janot de Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Malaria Case ◽  
Vivax Malaria ◽  
Distress Syndrome

COVID 19 and its management

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
Subhashis Debnath ◽  
Runa Chakravorty ◽  
Donita Devi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, a novel coronavirus, initiated an outbreak of pneumonia from Wuhan in China, which rapidly spread worldwide. The outbreak was declared as “a public health emergency of international concern” by the WHO on January 30, 2020, and as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The disease is transmitted by inhalation or contact with infected droplets and the incubation period ranges from 2 to 14 d. The symptoms are usually fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue, malaise among others. The disease is mild in most people; in some (usually the elderly and those with comorbidities), it may progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi organ dysfunction. Many people are asymptomatic. The virus spreads faster than its two ancestors the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), but has lower fatality.

scholarly journals Venoarteriovenous ECMO in Concomitant Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Cardiomyopathy Associated with COVID-19 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Zachary R. Bergman ◽  
Saranya Prathibha ◽  
Brent D. Bauman ◽  
Demetris Yannopoulos ◽  
Melissa E. Brunsvold
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Cardiogenic Shock ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In the most severe cases, novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection leads to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome which may be refractory to standard medical interventions including mechanical ventilation. There are growing reports of the use of venovenous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in these cases. A subset of critically ill COVID-19 patients develops cardiomyopathy as well, manifested by cardiogenic shock with reduced ejection fraction, dysrhythmias, and subsequent increase in mortality. One strategy for managing ARDS with an element of cardiogenic shock is venoarteriovenous (VAV) ECMO. Less than 1% of the cases in the worldwide ELSO COVID-19 database employed any form of hybrid cannulation. To date, there has only been one reported case of patient salvage with arterial or partial arterial support. We present a case that demonstrates the potential role of VAV ECMO in the case of concomitant severe ARDS with cardiomyopathy in the setting of COVID-19 infection.

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