scholarly journals Similarity in Symmetry Groups of Ornaments as a Measure for Cultural Interactions in Medieval Times

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Erbudak ◽  
Selim Onat
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Symmetry Groups ◽  
Dimensional Scaling ◽  
Symmetry Properties ◽  
Art Practices ◽  
Scaling Algorithms ◽  
Multi Dimensional Scaling ◽  
Wallpaper Groups

The symmetry properties of an ornament contain information about its civilisation and its interactions with other cultural sources. Two-dimensional periodic ornaments can be strictly classified into mathematical wallpaper groups. The collection of ornaments thus classified for a civilisation is characteristic of the cultural group and serves as a fingerprint to identify that group. If the distribution of wallpaper groups is available for several societies, multi-dimensional scaling algorithms can be applied to determine similarities and differences between the art practices of these communities. This method allows a systematic approach to the general ornamental practices within a culture and their interactions in the form of similarity of fingerprints. We test the feasibility of the method on examples of medieval Armenians, Byzantium, Seljuks first in Persia and then in Anatolia and among Arabs in the Middle East. For this purpose we present the distribution of the planar ornaments and calculate the corresponding Pearson correlation coefficients in pairs. The results suggest an intense interaction between the Seljuk Turks and Arab craftsmen, as well as between Armenian and Byzantine artisans who made the ornaments.

scholarly journals Similarity in Symmetry Groups of Ornaments as a Measure for Cultural Interactions in Medieval Times

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Erbudak ◽  
Selim Onat
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Symmetry Groups ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Symmetry Properties ◽  
Art Practices ◽  
Euclidean Distances ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Wallpaper Groups ◽  
Cultural Interactions

The symmetry properties of an ornament contain information about its civilisation and its interactions with other cultural sources. Two-dimensional periodic ornaments can be strictly classified into a limited set of 17 mathematical symmetry groups, also known as wallpaper groups. The collection of ornaments thus classified for a civilisation is characteristic of the cultural group and serves as a fingerprint to identify that group. If the distribution of wallpaper groups is available for several societies, mathematical methods can be applied to determine similarities and differences between the art practices of these communities. This method allows a systematic approach to the general ornamental practices within a culture and their interactions in the form of similarity of fingerprints. We test the feasibility of the method on examples of medieval Armenians, Byzantium, Seljuks first in Persia and then in Anatolia and among Arabs in the Middle East. For this purpose we present the distribution of the planar ornaments and calculate the Euclidean distances in pairs. We tested to what extend geographical and religious factors could account for the observed similarity of ornamental groups between cultures. The results suggest an intensive interaction between the Seljuk Turks and Arab craftsmen who produced the ornaments. Therefore the cultural interactions are religiously motivated.

scholarly journals Wallpaper group kirigami

2021 ◽  
Vol 477 (2252) ◽  
pp. 20210161
Author(s):  
Lucy Liu ◽  
Gary P. T. Choi ◽  
L. Mahadevan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Deployable Structures ◽  
Arbitrary Size ◽  
Mechanical Metamaterials ◽  
Symmetry Properties ◽  
Art Forms ◽  
Wallpaper Groups ◽  
Repeating Patterns

Kirigami, the art of paper cutting, has become a paradigm for mechanical metamaterials in recent years. The basic building blocks of any kirigami structures are repetitive deployable patterns that derive inspiration from geometric art forms and simple planar tilings. Here, we complement these approaches by directly linking kirigami patterns to the symmetry associated with the set of 17 repeating patterns that fully characterize the space of periodic tilings of the plane. We start by showing how to construct deployable kirigami patterns using any of the wallpaper groups, and then design symmetry-preserving cut patterns to achieve arbitrary size changes via deployment. We further prove that different symmetry changes can be achieved by controlling the shape and connectivity of the tiles and connect these results to the underlying kirigami-based lattice structures. All together, our work provides a systematic approach for creating a broad range of kirigami-based deployable structures with any prescribed size and symmetry properties.

scholarly journals The Role of the Greco-Roman Practice as a Progenitor of the Armenian and Eastern Roman Ornamental Art

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selim Onat ◽  
Mehmet Erbudak
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Dimensional Scaling ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Symmetry Properties ◽  
Euclidean Distances ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ornamental Art ◽  
Common Era ◽  
Multi Dimensional Scaling

We investigate two-dimensional, periodic ornaments of the Late Hellenistic (some centuries before the Common Era, the Classical Period) and Early Roman (Common Era) classical periods found at different locations in Asia Minor in Turkey and classify them into mathematical wallpaper groups based on their symmetry properties. The source material comes from Terrace Houses in Ephesus, Izmir, from Zeugma, now in the Zeugma Museum, Gaziantep, and from the recently released bathing pool in Antiochia ad Cragum near Gazipa ̧sa, Antalya. Using the artifacts we first determine the occurrence of each symmetry group. Then we compare this distribution with those of the medieval cultures of the Middle East, namely the Armenian, Byzantine, Arab and Seljuk Turks, calculating in pairs the Euclidean distances of the wallpaper distributions. The subsequent multi-dimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis of the results confirm that the Armenian and Byzantine artworks are strongly inspired by the classical masterpieces, as is the Seljuk creation by the Arabs.

Reliability of the Minimum Masking Level as Outcome Variable in Tinnitus Clinical Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-435
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Mancini ◽  
Richard S. Tyler ◽  
Hyung Jin Jun ◽  
Tang-Chuan Wang ◽  
Helena Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Minimum Intensity

Purpose The minimum masking level (MML) is the minimum intensity of a stimulus required to just totally mask the tinnitus. Treatments aimed at reducing the tinnitus itself should attempt to measure the magnitude of the tinnitus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the MML. Method Sample consisted of 59 tinnitus patients who reported stable tinnitus. We obtained MML measures on two visits, separated by about 2–3 weeks. We used two noise types: speech-shaped noise and high-frequency emphasis noise. We also investigated the relationship between the MML and tinnitus loudness estimates and the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ). Results There were differences across the different noise types. The within-session standard deviation averaged across subjects varied between 1.3 and 1.8 dB. Across the two sessions, the Pearson correlation coefficients, range was r = .84. There was a weak relationship between the dB SL MML and loudness, and between the MML and the THQ. A moderate correlation ( r = .44) was found between the THQ and loudness estimates. Conclusions We conclude that the dB SL MML can be a reliable estimate of tinnitus magnitude, with expected standard deviations in trained subjects of about 1.5 dB. It appears that the dB SL MML and loudness estimates are not closely related.

Estimation of connectivities of neurons using multi-dimensional scaling

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 382-385
Author(s):  
Kaori Kuroda ◽  
Hiroki Hashiguchi ◽  
Tohru Ikeguchi
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Scaling ◽  
Multi Dimensional Scaling

Comparative Responses to Squats Completed with Free Weights and an Exoskeleton

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Peter Neuhaus ◽  
Chris Jumonville ◽  
Rachel A. Perry ◽  
Roman Edwards ◽  
Jake L. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Actual Data ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Comparative Similarity ◽  
Insufficient Amount ◽  
Force Data ◽  
Familiarization Session

AbstractTo assess the comparative similarity of squat data collected as they wore a robotic exoskeleton, female athletes (n=14) did two exercise bouts spaced 14 days apart. Data from their exoskeleton workout was compared to a session they did with free weights. Each squat workout entailed a four-set, four-repetition paradigm with 60-second rest periods. Sets for each workout involved progressively heavier (22.5, 34, 45.5, 57 kg) loads. The same physiological, perceptual, and exercise performance dependent variables were measured and collected from both workouts. Per dependent variable, Pearson correlation coefficients, t-tests, and Cohen's d effect size compared the degree of similarity between values obtained from the exoskeleton and free weight workouts. Results show peak O2, heart rate, and peak force data produced the least variability. In contrast, far more inter-workout variability was noted for peak velocity, peak power, and electromyography (EMG) values. Overall, an insufficient amount of comparative similarity exists for data collected from both workouts. Due to the limited data similarity, the exoskeleton does not exhibit an acceptable degree of validity. Likely the cause for the limited similarity was due to the brief amount of familiarization subjects had to the exoskeleton prior to actual data collection. A familiarization session that accustomed subjects to squats done with the exoskeleton prior to actual data collection may have considerably improved the validity of data obtained from that device.

Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Impact on Work-Home Interference in a South African Commuter Transport Engineering Company

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Christoff Visagie ◽  
Michael M. Jones ◽  
Herman L. Linde
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Leader Member Exchange ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Dyadic Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Engineering Company ◽  
Member Exchange

The South African workplace is confronted with many leadership challenges, specifically those relating to the employment relationship between subordinates and their supervisors. A high-quality relationship is essential, considering the work-family spillovers employees experience. Limited research has been conducted on the potential positive and negative consequences of the leader-member exchange (LMX) dyadic relationship. In this study, we used a cross-sectional research design, and drew an employee sample (N = 120) from a commuter transport engineering company. A five-point Likert scale was employed and statistical analyses were carried out using the SAS statistical program. We calculated Pearson correlation coefficients and used structural equation modelling to test the proposed conceptual model to indicate possible correlations between the different variables. The main finding of the study was that the nature of the LMX relationship quality in the relevant company appeared to be high and positively related to work-home enrichment but negatively related to work-home conflict and role overload. The article concludes by making a number of suggestions to respond to challenges.

Professional volleyball club emblem image for Multi-Dimensional Scaling

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Jeoung-Hak Lee ◽  
Seung-jae Lim ◽  
Sung-Yong Kim ◽  
ki-woong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Scaling ◽  
Multi Dimensional Scaling

scholarly journals STATUS KEBERLANJUTAN USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DI KOTA DENPASAR STATUS KEBERLANJUTAN USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DI KOTA DENPASAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Anggreni Madik Linda ◽  
I GAAA Ambarawati ◽  
I Nyoman Gede Ustriyana
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Scaling ◽  
Multi Dimensional Scaling

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis status keberlanjutan usahatani padi berdasarkan lima dimensi keberlanjutan: ekologi, ekonomi, sosial-budaya, hukum dan kelembagaan, dan teknologi dan infrastruktur, dan untuk mengetahui atribut yang sensitif dalam keberlanjutan pertanian padi di Subak Intaran Barat, Desa Sanur Kauh dilihat dari lima dimensi pembangunan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dan analisis data menggunakan teknik ordinasi RAP-FARM melalui Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) untuk menilai indeks dan status keberlanjutan usahatani padi dalam pembangunan pertanian. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi atribut sensitif yang mempengaruhi indeks keberlanjutan masing-masing dimensi melalui analisis leverage. Dimensi terukur adalah dimensi ekologis, dimensi ekonomi, dimensi sosial budaya, dimensi kelembagaan, dan dimensi teknologi dan infrastruktur. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penilaian RAP-FARM dari usahatani padi sawah di Subak Intaran Barat memiliki nilai indeks keberlanjutan 73,48, yang dikategorikan ke dalam kategori cukup berkelanjutan. Dimensi ekonomi, teknologi dan infrastruktur memiliki status berkelanjutan yang berkelanjutan sementara dimensi ekologi, sosio-budaya, dan kelembagaan memiliki status berkelanjutan. Analisis leverage menunjukkan bahwa ada 10 atribut dari 29 atribut yang berpengaruh pada indeks keberlanjutan usahatani padi. Atribut yang paling sensitif adalah koperasi kelembagaan petani di dimensi kelembagaan.

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