Reliability of the Minimum Masking Level as Outcome Variable in Tinnitus Clinical Research

Purpose The minimum masking level (MML) is the minimum intensity of a stimulus required to just totally mask the tinnitus. Treatments aimed at reducing the tinnitus itself should attempt to measure the magnitude of the tinnitus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the MML. Method Sample consisted of 59 tinnitus patients who reported stable tinnitus. We obtained MML measures on two visits, separated by about 2–3 weeks. We used two noise types: speech-shaped noise and high-frequency emphasis noise. We also investigated the relationship between the MML and tinnitus loudness estimates and the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ). Results There were differences across the different noise types. The within-session standard deviation averaged across subjects varied between 1.3 and 1.8 dB. Across the two sessions, the Pearson correlation coefficients, range was r = .84. There was a weak relationship between the dB SL MML and loudness, and between the MML and the THQ. A moderate correlation ( r = .44) was found between the THQ and loudness estimates. Conclusions We conclude that the dB SL MML can be a reliable estimate of tinnitus magnitude, with expected standard deviations in trained subjects of about 1.5 dB. It appears that the dB SL MML and loudness estimates are not closely related.

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Relation of Maximal Ankle Dorsiflexion Angle and Passive Resistive Torque to Passive-Elastic Stiffness of Ankle Dorsiflexion Stretch

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.2002.95.1.323 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 95 (1) ◽

pp. 323-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Richard L. Gajdosik ◽

Ann K. Williams

Keyword(s):

Multiple Regression ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Elastic Stiffness ◽

Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Moderate Correlation ◽

Ankle Stiffness ◽

Resistive Torque ◽

Clinical Measurements

The maximal passive ankle dorsiflexion angle and the maximal passive resistive torque at this angle were measured for 81 women 20 to 84 years of age and correlated with the passive-elastic stiffness (stiffness) of an ankle dorsiflexion stretch. Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analyses were used to examine whether the two clinical measurements could predict ankle stiffness. The maximal passive resistive torque showed a moderate correlation with stiffness in the full stretch range ( r = .69) and high correlation with stiffness in the last half of the full stretch range ( r = .84). The maximal dorsiflexion angle showed a low correlation with stiffness in the full stretch range ( r = .27) and in the last half of the full stretch range ( r = .36). The maximal passive resistive torque and the dorsiflexion angle together accounted for 54% of the stiffness variance in the full stretch range and 76% of the stiffness variance in the last half of the full stretch range. Thus, the clinical measurements of the maximal passive dorsiflexion angle and the maximal passive resistive torque were directly and significantly related to the ankle dorsiflexion passive-elastic stiffness and good predictors of stiffness in the last half of the passive ankle dorsiflexion stretch.

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The Relationship Between Soldier Height, Weight and Army Combat Fitness Scores

10.1101/2021.12.22.473875 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ryan Palmer ◽

Mark DeBeliso

Keyword(s):

United States Army ◽

Body Mass ◽

National Guard ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

The United States ◽

Military Leaders ◽

Physical Fitness Test ◽

Fitness Test ◽

The Relationship

The United States Army recently implemented the Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) which was designed to more accurately measure functional-combat fitness constructs. The ACFT replaced the former Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT). The three advent APFT consisted of: two-minute push-ups (PU), two-minute sit-ups (SU), and a timed two-mile run (RUN). The ACFT consists of six events; 3 Rep Max Deadlift (MDL), Standing Power Throw (SPT), Hand Release Push-up (HRP), Sprint-Drag-Carry (SDC), Hanging Leg Tuck (LTK), and a timed two-mile run (2MR). This study investigated the relationship between Soldier height and body mass kg on ACFT scores of 655 male U.S. Army National Guard Soldiers in a Field Artillery Brigade. For the purpose of the investigation body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the metric representing the Soldier(s) height and weight. The mean and standard deviation (sd) were calculated for the ACFT event and total scores. Pearson correlation coefficients (PCCs or r) were calculated between BMI and ACFT event and total scores. Likewise, PCCs were calculated between the ACFT event and total scores. The ACFT mean(sd) scores were as follows: MDL=92.2(31.8) (3 maximum repetitions), SPT=9.5(2.2) (meters), HRP=24.6(13.1) (repetitions), SDC=119.8(21.7) (seconds), LTK=6.2(5.4) (repetitions), 2MR=1095.0(233.7) (seconds), ACFT total score=442.3(54.4) (points). Significant positive correlations were found between the ACFT total score: MDL (r=0.70), SPT (r=0.50), HRP (r=0.74), and LTK (r=0.76) events. Conversely, significant negative correlations were identified between ACFT total score: SDC (r=-0.68) and 2MR (r=-0.53) events. Within the parameters of this study, Soldier BMI demonstrated no to weak association with individual ACFT event or ACFT total scores. Further, the range of PCCs between the ACFT event scores were no to moderately high. Military leaders may consider the results provided as combat and fitness tests continue to evolve.

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Evaluation of Cultural Intelligence in Staff of Industries, Mines and Trades Organizations - Case Study

Organizational Culture and Behavior ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-1913-3.ch021 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 429-438

Author(s):

Mohammad Abdolshah ◽

Baranak Geranfar ◽

Eisa Akbari ◽

Jalil Vaziri

Keyword(s):

Organizational Culture ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Cultural Intelligence ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Statistical Population ◽

Key Competencies ◽

The Relationship ◽

Personnel Department

This article examines one of the key competencies of the 21st century known as cultural intelligence (CQ). This study investigates the relationship between CQ, organizational culture, and the effectiveness of staff in the industry, mine, and trade organizations of Semnan province in Iran. Using correlational analysis, the statistical population includes a total of 103 people from 141 employees based on personnel department documents. Three questionnaires were used to measure the variables and descriptive and deductive statistics were applied to evaluate and analyze the data. The Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression were used in deductive statistics to obtain the results. The findings show there is a significant relationship between CQ, organizational culture, and effectiveness. Among four cultural intelligence factors, only the knowledge of CQ can predict the effectiveness. The calculated correlation coefficient indicates that the creativity factors and communication pattern have the highest correlation coefficients.

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Prediction of crude protein digestibility of animal by-product meals for dogs by the protein solubility in pepsin method

Journal of Nutritional Science ◽

10.1017/jns.2014.32 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Iris M. Kawauchi ◽

Nilva K. Sakomura ◽

Cristiana F. F. Pontieri ◽

Aline Rebelato ◽

Thaila C. Putarov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Protein Solubility ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

Large Variability ◽

The Relationship

AbstractAnimal by-product meals have large variability in crude protein (CP) content and digestibility. In vivo digestibility procedures are precise but laborious, and in vitro methods could be an alternative to evaluate and classify these ingredients. The present study reports prediction equations to estimate the CP digestibility of meat and bone meal (MBM) and poultry by-product meal (PM) using the protein solubility in pepsin method (PSP). Total tract CP digestibility of eight MBM and eight PM samples was determined in dogs by the substitution method. A basal diet was formulated for dog maintenance, and sixteen diets were produced by mixing 70 % of the basal diet and 30 % of each tested meal. Six dogs per diet were used to determine ingredient digestibility. In addition, PSP of the MBM and PM samples was determined using three pepsin concentrations: 0·02, 0·002 and 0·0002 %. The CP content of MBM and PM ranged from 39 to 46 % and 57 to 69 %, respectively, and their mean CP digestibility by dogs was 76 (2·4) and 85 (2·6) %, respectively. The pepsin concentration with higher Pearson correlation coefficients with the in vivo results were 0·0002 % for MBM (r 0·380; P = 0·008) and 0·02 % for PM (r 0·482; P = 0·005). The relationship between the in vivo and in vitro results was better explained by the following equations: CP digestibility of MBM = 61·7 + 0·2644 × PSP at 0·0002 % (P = 0·008; R2 0·126); and CP digestibility of PM = 54·1 + 0·3833 × PSP at 0·02 % (P = 0·005; R2 0·216). Although significant, the coefficients of determination were low, indicating that the models were weak and need to be used with caution.

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Relationship between Traumatic Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Flood Victims: Roles of Fear and Self-Disclosure

10.21203/rs.2.15246/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lijuan Quan ◽

Bijun Lv ◽

Xiao Zhou ◽

Guanghai Hou ◽

Qingsong Sang

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Self Report ◽

Traumatic Experience ◽

Self Disclosure ◽

Traumatic Exposure ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is one of the most prevalent psychopathologies experienced by victims following natural disasters. The severity of traumatic experience may be a critical risk factor for the development of PTSD. Nevertheless, other factors may also lead to PTSD. We propose that fear and self-disclosure could be two important factors. Previous studies have examined their unique roles in PTSD, but their combined role in PTSD has been rarely assessed. To fill this gap, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between severity of traumatic exposure, fear, self-disclosure, and PTSD among victims following flood disaster. Methods: one hundred ninety-nine participants completed self-report questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were obtained using SPSS 17.0 and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to obtain correlations between major variables. Results: results indicated that severity of traumatic exposure not only had a direct effect on PTSD, but also it had an indirect effect on PTSD via activating victims’ fear. Moreover, self-disclosure played a buffering role between fear and PTSD. However, the role of fear in PTSD may decrease with increases in levels of self-disclosure. Conclusions: Traumatic exposure had positive predictive effects for PTSD and fear. Self-disclosure had negative predictive effects for PTSD. Fear played a mediating role between severity of traumatic exposure and PTSD, self-disclosure played a moderating role in the relationship between fear and PTSD. Psychological interventions should focus on the regulation of fear and improvement of self-disclosure following traumatic exposure.

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Science Teachers’ Reflective Practices: Perspectives and Attitudes

International Journal of Educational Sciences ◽

10.31901/24566322.2020/31.1-3.1150 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (1-3) ◽

Author(s):

Abdulwali H. Aldahmash

Keyword(s):

Professional Development ◽

Reflective Practice ◽

Science Teachers ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Reflective Practices ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Effective Use ◽

The Relationship ◽

Educational Careers

ABSTRACT Studies investigating reflective practices among teachers have focused on reflective practice use in teaching and teacher’s professional development. The attitudes of teachers toward reflective practices have been neglected, but the attitudes of science teachers toward reflective practices are key to their effective use in classroom settings. This study aimed to understand the attitude of science teachers toward these practices and how they implement professional reflective practices as well as any relationship between reflective practices and attitudes. A sample of 650 science teachers, 321 males and 329 females completed the questionnaire. Results revealed that science teachers practiced all reflective activities at high levels. Additionally, their attitudes toward reflective practices were moderately positive. Pearson correlation coefficients for the relationship between the reflective practices and attitudes of science teachers were statistically significant at p d” 0.01. Hence, science teachers who had positive attitudes toward reflective practices were likely to demonstrate more reflective teaching in their educational careers.

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TP8.2.8 Medical School Selection scores correlate with MRCS Part A performance

British Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1093/bjs/znab362.081 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 108 (Supplement_7) ◽

Author(s):

Ricky Ellis ◽

Peter Brennan ◽

Jennifer Cleland ◽

Amanda Lee ◽

Duncan Scrimgeour

Keyword(s):

Medical School ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

The United States ◽

Medical School Admissions ◽

Medical School Selection ◽

Admissions Test ◽

School Selection ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Aims Selection into UK medical school involves a combination of three measures: prior academic attainment, selection tests (e.g. the University Clinical Aptitude Test (UCAT), Biomedical Admissions Test (BMAT), or Graduate Medical School Admissions Test (GAMSAT)) followed by interview. We investigated the predictive power of current UK medical selection tests and measures of prior attainment on success in the Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS) examination. Methods The UKMED database was used to analyse A-Levels and medical school selection data for all UK graduates who attempted the MRCS Part A written examination (n = 9729) and Part B clinical examination (n = 4644) between 2007 and 2017. Univariate analysis and Pearson correlation coefficients examined the relationship between selection scores and first attempt MRCS success. Results Successful MRCS Part A candidates scored higher in A-Levels, UCAT, BMAT and GAMSAT examinations (p < 0.05) than their unsuccessful peers, but no differences were observed for MRCS Part B. Statistically significant positive correlation was found between MRCS Part A, BMAT (r = 0.32, p < 0.001) and GAMSAT scores (r = 0.35, p = <0.001). While a weaker statistically significant correlation was found between Part A, A-Level (r = 0.14, p < 0.001) and UCAT scores (r = 0.25, p < 0.001). Conclusions This, the first study to investigate the relationship between all UK medical school selection tests and success in a postgraduate examination found statistically significant correlations between selection test scores and performance on Part A of the MRCS. The strength of correlations found in this study are similar to those of other validated selection tests used in the United States.

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P144 Sleep-Related Limb Movements and Subjective Sleepiness in a Professional Rugby League Team

SLEEP Advances ◽

10.1093/sleepadvances/zpab014.185 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A68-A68

Author(s):

P Teuwen ◽

M Dalman ◽

A Scott

Keyword(s):

Daytime Sleepiness ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Rugby League ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Normality Test ◽

Parametric Data ◽

Subjective Sleepiness ◽

Movement Parameters ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Introduction This study aims to assess the relationship between LMs, PLMD and limb related arousals during sleep and subjective sleepiness in a group of professional athletes (National Rugby League (NRL) players). Methods 25 type II HSAT polysomnographic (PSG) studies were performed on 23 male individuals (2 repeated studies). 2 x Piezo limb EMG sensors were applied to each HSAT. PSG data analysed as per AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated events. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) collected for each participant obtaining subjective daytime sleepiness. PSG data was checked for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test. Parametric data was then subsequently analysed using Pearson correlation coefficients, whereas non-parametric data was analysed with the Spearman correlation coefficient. A line of best fit was implemented using Deming’s linear regression model to report r2. Results The most significant relationships were noted between daytime sleepiness and the frequency of limb-related arousals (Pearson’s r 0.273) and the relationship between PLM arousals and ESS (p-0.082). No significant relationships were noted between LMs, PLMs, limb related arousals and daytime sleepiness were found. No results were found to be statistically significant. Conclusions This PSG data demonstrates a mildly positive correlation with all limb movement parameters measured against the athletes’ self-reported sleepiness. This may therefore be of significance with their performance and recovery. Further research is recommended to verify these relationships.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VOLUNTEERS SATISFACTION AND INTENTION TO CONTINUE VOLUNTEERING IN COMMUNITY RUNNING EVENTS

Malaysian Journal of Sport Scienceand Recreation (MJSSR) ◽

10.24191/mjssr.v17i1.12720 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Azlina Zid ◽

Adlin Hani Mazlan Hanafi ◽

Siti Aishah Wahab ◽

Nurul Ain Muhammad Rafiai ◽

Maizan Mohd Nor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Inferential Statistics ◽

Volunteer Satisfaction ◽

The Future ◽

Future Events ◽

Intention To Continue ◽

The Relationship

This purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between volunteers’ satisfaction and intention to continue volunteering as a volunteer in the future. There were 133 volunteers from MY10K Night run involved in this community-running event. Volunteer’ satisfaction and intention to continue volunteering questionnaires were used in this study. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics to identify the percentage, mean, standard deviation and pearson correlation. The study findings showed that there was a significant relationship between the volunteers’ satisfaction and the intention to continue volunteering (r=0.37, p<0.01). The nature of work (m=4.10) was the highest factor of volunteers’ satisfaction to remain as volunteers in future events and followed by appreciation (m=4.01). Whereas supervision and communication (m=3.96) were found to be least volunteers’ satisfaction to remain as volunteers. Identifying these factors of volunteering, as well as the relations between them, can be beneficial for the management of volunteers to retain the experienced volunteers and to ensure the continuation of the event in the future.

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Population differences in morphological and anatomical traits of Pinus mugo Turra needles from the Polish part of the Tatra Mountains

Forest Research Papers ◽

10.1515/frp-2017-0007 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 67-76

Author(s):

Ewa M. Pawlaczyk ◽

Alina Bączkiewicz ◽

Piotr Wawrzyniak ◽

Magdalena Czołpińska ◽

Patrycja Gonera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Variation ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Principal Component ◽

Pinus Mugo ◽

Tatra Mountains ◽

Tatra Mts ◽

The Tatra Mountains ◽

The Relationship ◽

Two Populations

Abstract The main aim of this study was to describe the variation between the populations of the dwarf mountain pine Pinus mugo Turra based on the morphological and anatomical traits of their needles, and to investigate the relationship between the observed variation and environmental conditions (altitude and substrate). Two-year-old needles were collected from 180 individuals of six populations of P. mugo growing in the Tatra Mts. Two populations were classified as dense, located at 1360–1450 m altitude, and the remaining four formed loose clusters and were situated at 1500–1650 m altitude. Four of the populations are growing on granite and two on a limestone substrate. The natural variation of 10 morpho-anatomical and 3 synthetic needle traits was measured. In addition to descriptive statistics, the analyses of variance (ANOVA) with a Tukey test and principal component analysis were computed. We also estimated Pearson correlation coefficients for the examined needle traits and altitude as well as substrate. Our results indicate that the P. mugo populations differ significantly with regard to the investigated traits for which the Trzydniowiański Wierch population was the most distinct. The observed pattern of variability is largely caused by differences in stomatal traits and these features are positive correlated with altitude. Additionally, populations growing on granite have larger values for most of the examined traits compared to populations growing on limestone.

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