Comparative Responses to Squats Completed with Free Weights and an Exoskeleton

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Peter Neuhaus ◽  
Chris Jumonville ◽  
Rachel A. Perry ◽  
Roman Edwards ◽  
Jake L. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Actual Data ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Comparative Similarity ◽  
Insufficient Amount ◽  
Force Data ◽  
Familiarization Session

AbstractTo assess the comparative similarity of squat data collected as they wore a robotic exoskeleton, female athletes (n=14) did two exercise bouts spaced 14 days apart. Data from their exoskeleton workout was compared to a session they did with free weights. Each squat workout entailed a four-set, four-repetition paradigm with 60-second rest periods. Sets for each workout involved progressively heavier (22.5, 34, 45.5, 57 kg) loads. The same physiological, perceptual, and exercise performance dependent variables were measured and collected from both workouts. Per dependent variable, Pearson correlation coefficients, t-tests, and Cohen's d effect size compared the degree of similarity between values obtained from the exoskeleton and free weight workouts. Results show peak O2, heart rate, and peak force data produced the least variability. In contrast, far more inter-workout variability was noted for peak velocity, peak power, and electromyography (EMG) values. Overall, an insufficient amount of comparative similarity exists for data collected from both workouts. Due to the limited data similarity, the exoskeleton does not exhibit an acceptable degree of validity. Likely the cause for the limited similarity was due to the brief amount of familiarization subjects had to the exoskeleton prior to actual data collection. A familiarization session that accustomed subjects to squats done with the exoskeleton prior to actual data collection may have considerably improved the validity of data obtained from that device.

scholarly journals Interday Reliability and Usefulness of a Reactive Strength Index Derived From 2 Maximal Rebound Jump Tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1200-1204
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Comyns ◽  
Eamonn P. Flanagan ◽  
Sean Fleming ◽  
Evan Fitzgerald ◽  
Damian J. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Moderate Change ◽  
Familiarization Session

Purpose: To examine the interday reliability and usefulness of a reactive strength index (RSI) derived from a maximal 5-rebound jump test (5max RJT) and a maximal 10-rebound jump test (10/5 RJT). Methods: Twenty male field-sport athletes (24.5 [3.0] y, 1.78 [0.1] m, 84.9 [5.2] kg) and 15 female participants (21.1 [0.9] y, 1.65 [0.73] m, 62.0 [5.1] kg) performed 2 maximal repetitions of the 5max RJT and the 10/5 RJT on 2 testing days after a specific warm-up. A 1-wk period separated testing days, and these sessions were preceded by a familiarization session. RSI was calculated by dividing jump height (in meters) by contact time (in seconds). The 5max RJT and the 10/5 RJT trial with the highest RSI on each testing day were used for reliability and usefulness analysis. Results: Both tests were deemed reliable for determining RSI for male, female, and pooled male and female cohorts, as the intraclass correlation coefficients were ≥.80 and the coefficient of variation was ≤10%. Only the 5max RJT was rated as “good” at detecting the smallest worthwhile change in performance for female athletes (smallest worthwhile change: 0.10 > typical error: 0.07). The 5max RJT for men and the 10/5 RJT for men and women were rated “good” in detecting a moderate change in performance only. Conclusions: Both tests are reliable for the determination of RSI, but the usefulness of the tests in detecting the smallest worthwhile change is questionable.

scholarly journals A competition period evaluation in the long jump events in terms of seasonal Variables: Creating prediction models

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-341
Author(s):  
Berfin Serdil Ors ◽  
Işık Bayraktar
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competition Period

Aim: The purpose of training planning in performance sports is to achieve the desired performance in the target competition. Maintaining the desired performance in the major competition is the main subject of periodization. But at this point, the prediction of the season best, which will serve as a showcase for preparations, is a question as old as the history of training science for coaches. The aim of the study is to examine the variables in the competition period of female and male athletes participated in the top 100 places in the 2018 world lists in the long jump event, to compare by gender, and to create prediction models for the season best and season average performances (SPA) according to the average of first two performances (AF2P). Methods: Ages, total number of days in a season, the number of days between the competitions, total competitions, the number of competitions in which the season's best (SB) performance was achieved, the ratio of the SB to the total number of competitions, the percentages of the first, end, and average scores were analysed. Statistical comparison of female and male athletes was carried out using Independent Samples t-Test. To express the relationships between parameters Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were used. Besides, polynomial regression analysis was used. Finally, the quadratic equations were used to predict SB performance and SPA according to the AF2P. Findings: SB competition, season initial, AF2P, SB, SPA and season-end variables were found to be statistically different between genders. Season initial and SB showed significant relationships for both genders (women; r=0.68; p<0.001; men; r=0.51; p<0.001). AF2P explained 54% of the SB performance for women and 48% for men. Conclusion: The prediction model found in the current study to predict SB performance was applied to the male and female athletes from 2019 season. Models predicted the actual performance with an average of 1.15%. Depending on the close estimation of the actual SB performance of the models; It is thought that the prediction models will enable the trainers to predict the performance of their athletes in target competitions at the beginning of the season.   Özet Amaç: Performans sporlarında antrenman planlamasının amacı hedef yarışmada istenilen performansı yakalamaktır. İstenen performansın da majör yarışmada gerçekleştirilmesi periyodizasyonun ana konusudur. Fakat bu noktada hazırlıkların vitrini niteliğinde olacak sezonun en iyi derecesinin gerçekleşeceği öngörüsü antrenörler için antrenman bilim tarihi kadar eski bir sorudur. Çalışmanın amacı, uzun atlama branşında 2018 dünya listelerinde ilk yüz sırada yer alan kadın ve erkek sporcuların yarışma periyodundaki değişkenleri incelemek, cinsiyetlere göre karşılaştırmak, ilk iki performans ortalamasına göre sezonun en iyi ve ortalama performansları için tahmin modelleri oluşturmaktır. Metot: Çalışmada sporcuların yarışma verileri [yaş, bir sezondaki toplam gün sayısı (SGS), bir sezondaki toplam yarışma sayısı (TYS), sporcunun sezondaki en iyi derecesi (SB), SB performansının gerçekleştiği yarışma (SBY), sporcunun sezonun ilk iki yarışmasındaki performansının ortalaması (İ2PO), sezon en iyi derecesine göre; sezon ortalama (SORT), başlangıç (SBAŞ) ve bitiriş (SBİT) derecelerinin yüzde oranları] incelenmiştir. Parametreler arasındaki ilişkiler için pearson korelasyon (r) istatistiği, ilişkilerin belirleme katsayılarının (r2) bulunmasında polinom regresyonu, cinsiyete göre İ2PO’dan SB ve sezon ortalama performanslarının tahmin modellerinde karesel regresyon modeli kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: SBY, başlangıç, İ2PO, SB, SORT ve SBİT değişkenleri cinsiyetler arasında istatistiksel olarak farklı bulunmuştur. SBAŞ değerleriyle SB performansı arasında iki cinsiyet için anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur (kadınlar; r=0,68; p<0,001; erkekler, r=0,51; p<0,001). İ2PO; kadınlarda SB performansının %54’ünü, erkeklerde; %48’ini açıklayabilmektedir. Sonuç: Çalışmada bulunan İ2PO’na göre SB tahmin modeli, 2019 yılında dünya listelerinde yer alan erkek ve kadın sporculara uygulandığında, modelin SB performansını ortalama %1,15 farkla tahmin ettiği görülmüştür. Modellerin gerçek SB performansını yakın tahmin edebilmesine bağlı olarak; tahmin modellerinin antrenörlerin sezon başında sporcularının hedef yarışmalardaki performanslarını öngörebilmelerine olanak sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

scholarly journals The use of the computerized version of quality of life and health status questionnaires in a community sample in southern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Zubaran ◽  
Ivanor Tres
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Computerized data collection is an efficient process and well accepted by patients with different disorders. Although computer-based systems have been used to assess health status and quality of life in various areas of healthcare, there is a lack of studies to investigate the effectiveness of these instruments in Brazil. The aims here were to assess the usability of the Portuguese-language versions of the Personal Health Scale (PHS) and the Multicultural Quality of Life Index (MQLI) in southern Brazil and to determine the correlation between these two questionnaires. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional community-based survey in which participants completed computerized versions of these two questionnaires. METHODS: In a survey conducted in 16 different locations, 458 volunteers completed both questionnaires. Pearson correlation coefficients were generated between the scores of the two questionnaires. The inclusion criteria allowed all volunteers who were able to understand the questions in both questionnaires to participate in the study. RESULTS: The percentage of proper data collection via the computerized versions of the two questionnaires combined was 97.45%. A significant correlation (P < 0.01) between the PHS and the MQLI was observed. CONCLUSION: The computerized versions of the PHS and MQLI demonstrated efficient data collection patterns during the field survey trials. Health-related issues were significantly correlated with the overall experience of wellbeing and quality of life. The computerized versions of the PHS and MQLI are valid tools for research and clinical use in Brazil

scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of a New Test of Agility and Skill for Female Amateur Soccer Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Kutlu ◽  
Hakan Yapici ◽  
Abdullah Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Skill Test ◽  
Typical Error ◽  
Error Coefficient

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the Agility and Skill Test, which had been recently developed to assess agility and skill in female athletes. Following a 10 min warm-up, two trials to test the reliability and validity of the test were conducted one week apart. Measurements were collected to compare soccer players’ physical performance in a 20 m sprint, a T-Drill test, the Illinois Agility Run Test, change-of-direction and acceleration, as well as agility and skill. All tests were completed following the same order. Thirty-four amateur female soccer players were recruited (age = 20.8 ± 1.9 years; body height = 166 ± 6.9 cm; body mass = 55.5 ± 5.8 kg). To determine the reliability and usefulness of these tests, paired sample t-tests, intra-class correlation coefficients, typical error, coefficient of variation, and differences between the typical error and smallest worthwhile change statistics were computed. Test results showed no significant differences between the two sessions (p > 0.01). There were higher intra-class correlations between the test and retest values (r = 0.94–0.99) for all tests. Typical error values were below the smallest worthwhile change, indicating ‘good’ usefulness for these tests. A near perfect Pearson correlation between the Agility and Skill Test (r = 0.98) was found, and there were moderate-to-large levels of correlation between the Agility and Skill Test and other measures (r = 0.37 to r = 0.56). The results of this study suggest that the Agility and Skill Test is a reliable and valid test for female soccer players and has significant value for assessing the integrative agility and skill capability of soccer players.

Longitudinal review of communication skills and empathic tendency levels among the students of the department of sports management

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-944
Author(s):  
Ali Dursun Aydın ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Sports Management ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Skill Scores ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Academic Year

This study aims to review communication skills and empathic tendency levels of the students who studied at the department of sports management in a longitudinal manner. The study was designed in a longitudinal survey model of quantitative study methods. The study group consisted of 122 students (52 female students, 70 male students) who attended the first grade of Sarıkamış Department of Sports Management, School of Physical Education and Sports, Kars Kafkas University in Turkey during the 2016-2017 academic year. To detect the differences, data collection tools were employed four times for the same students during the first grade of 2016-2017 academic year, the second grade of 2017-2018 academic year, the third grade of 2018-2019 academic year and the fourth grade of 2019-2020 academic year. As data collection tools, “The Communication Skills Scale” (CSS) developed by Korkut (1996) and Empathic Tendency Scale (ETS) developed by Dökmen (1988) were used. The data were analyzed by using the Bonferroni post-hoc comparison test, independent t-test, analysis of one-way variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation coefficients. The result found that both students’ communication skills and emphatic tendency levels were high, their 3rd grade communication skill scores were higher in terms of grade/time variable, their emphatic skill scores were higher in the 3rd and 4th grades, their scores of communication skills and emphatic tendency did not differ in terms of age and gender variables and a positive correlation existed between communication skills and emphatic tendency at all levels.

A Competition Period Evaluation Concerning Seasonal Variables of Elite Track and Field Athletes in Vertical Jumping Events: A Different Insight for Coaching Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Berfin Serdil Örs ◽  
Işık Bayraktar
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Coaching Education ◽  
Education Material ◽  
Vertical Jumping ◽  
Pole Vault

Aim of this study was to determine variables of elite athletes’ competition seasons in vertical jumping events and to determine relationships between these variables. Also, to constitute prediction models of season best (SB) and season performance average based on season first performance to offer a new insight for coaching education. Research group consisted of male and female elite athletes who ranked in the top 100 in high jump (HJ) and pole vault (PV), during 2018 season. Athletes’ competition information was reached from 2018 world rankings. Ages, total number of days in season, days between competitions, total number of competitions, number of competitions that season’s best score was performed, ratio of SB to total number of competitions, percentages of first, end, average scores were calculated. Statistical comparison of gender groups was analyzed using Independent Samples t-Test. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to express relationships. Polynomial regression analysis was used to find coefficients of determination for relationships. Quadratic equations were calculated to predictive SB performance and season average performances according average of first two performances by gender/events. In PV, there were differences between genders for season first, end, and average percentages calculated according to SB (p < 0.05). Strong relationships were determined between season average and season first performances in female athletes. Predicted models created according to season first performance may be considered as early evaluations for coaches. Coach can use these prediction models as a new and different education material for their training plans. By doing so, in case of calculating a prediction far away from the coach’s aim it is possible that coach can take necessary measures at the beginning of season.

Reliability of the Minimum Masking Level as Outcome Variable in Tinnitus Clinical Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-435
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Mancini ◽  
Richard S. Tyler ◽  
Hyung Jin Jun ◽  
Tang-Chuan Wang ◽  
Helena Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Minimum Intensity

Purpose The minimum masking level (MML) is the minimum intensity of a stimulus required to just totally mask the tinnitus. Treatments aimed at reducing the tinnitus itself should attempt to measure the magnitude of the tinnitus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the MML. Method Sample consisted of 59 tinnitus patients who reported stable tinnitus. We obtained MML measures on two visits, separated by about 2–3 weeks. We used two noise types: speech-shaped noise and high-frequency emphasis noise. We also investigated the relationship between the MML and tinnitus loudness estimates and the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ). Results There were differences across the different noise types. The within-session standard deviation averaged across subjects varied between 1.3 and 1.8 dB. Across the two sessions, the Pearson correlation coefficients, range was r = .84. There was a weak relationship between the dB SL MML and loudness, and between the MML and the THQ. A moderate correlation ( r = .44) was found between the THQ and loudness estimates. Conclusions We conclude that the dB SL MML can be a reliable estimate of tinnitus magnitude, with expected standard deviations in trained subjects of about 1.5 dB. It appears that the dB SL MML and loudness estimates are not closely related.

Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Impact on Work-Home Interference in a South African Commuter Transport Engineering Company

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Christoff Visagie ◽  
Michael M. Jones ◽  
Herman L. Linde
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Leader Member Exchange ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Dyadic Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Engineering Company ◽  
Member Exchange

The South African workplace is confronted with many leadership challenges, specifically those relating to the employment relationship between subordinates and their supervisors. A high-quality relationship is essential, considering the work-family spillovers employees experience. Limited research has been conducted on the potential positive and negative consequences of the leader-member exchange (LMX) dyadic relationship. In this study, we used a cross-sectional research design, and drew an employee sample (N = 120) from a commuter transport engineering company. A five-point Likert scale was employed and statistical analyses were carried out using the SAS statistical program. We calculated Pearson correlation coefficients and used structural equation modelling to test the proposed conceptual model to indicate possible correlations between the different variables. The main finding of the study was that the nature of the LMX relationship quality in the relevant company appeared to be high and positively related to work-home enrichment but negatively related to work-home conflict and role overload. The article concludes by making a number of suggestions to respond to challenges.

Enhanced context-aware recommendation using topic modeling and particle swarm optimization

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ibtissem Gasmi ◽  
Mohamed Walid Azizi ◽  
Hassina Seridi-Bouchelaghem ◽  
Nabiha Azizi ◽  
Samir Brahim Belhaouari
Keyword(s):  
Topic Modeling ◽  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Weighting Function ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
Proposed Model

Context-Aware Recommender System (CARS) suggests more relevant services by adapting them to the user’s specific context situation. Nevertheless, the use of many contextual factors can increase data sparsity while few context parameters fail to introduce the contextual effects in recommendations. Moreover, several CARSs are based on similarity algorithms, such as cosine and Pearson correlation coefficients. These methods are not very effective in the sparse datasets. This paper presents a context-aware model to integrate contextual factors into prediction process when there are insufficient co-rated items. The proposed algorithm uses Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to learn the latent interests of users from the textual descriptions of items. Then, it integrates both the explicit contextual factors and their degree of importance in the prediction process by introducing a weighting function. Indeed, the PSO algorithm is employed to learn and optimize weights of these features. The results on the Movielens 1 M dataset show that the proposed model can achieve an F-measure of 45.51% with precision as 68.64%. Furthermore, the enhancement in MAE and RMSE can respectively reach 41.63% and 39.69% compared with the state-of-the-art techniques.

scholarly journals The patellofemoral morphology and the normal predicted value of tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance in the Chinese population

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Li ◽  
Guanzhi Liu ◽  
Run Tian ◽  
Ning Kong ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Tibial Tuberosity ◽  
Trochlear Groove ◽  
Lasso Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Abstract Background Our objective was to obtain normal patellofemoral measurements to analyse sex and individual differences. In addition, the absolute values and indices of tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distances are still controversial in clinical application. A better method to enable precise prediction is still needed. Methods Seventy-eight knees of 78 participants without knee pathologies were included in this cross-sectional study. A CT scan was conducted for all participants and three-dimensional knee models were constructed using Mimics and SolidWorks software. We measured and analysed 19 parameters including the TT-TG distance and dimensions and shapes of the patella, femur, tibia, and trochlea. LASSO regression was used to predict the normal TT-TG distances. Results The dimensional parameters, TT-TG distance, and femoral aspect ratio of the men were significantly larger than those of women (all p values < 0.05). However, after controlling for the bias from age, height, and weight, there were no significant differences in TT-TG distances and anterior-posterior dimensions between the sexes (all p values > 0.05). The Pearson correlation coefficients between the anterior femoral offset and other indexes were consistently below 0.3, indicating no relationship or a weak relationship. Similar results were observed for the sulcus angle and the Wiberg index. Using LASSO regression, we obtained four parameters to predict the TT-TG distance (R2 = 0.5612, p < 0.01) to achieve the optimal accuracy and convenience. Conclusions Normative data of patellofemoral morphology were provided for the Chinese population. The anterior-posterior dimensions of the women were thicker than those of men for the same medial-lateral dimensions. More attention should be paid to not only sex differences but also individual differences, especially the anterior condyle and trochlea. In addition, this study provided a new method to predict TT-TG distances accurately.

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