scholarly journals Monitoring the Bacteriological Quality of Manual Drilling Water in the Tandjilé Region in Chad

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allaramadji Beyaitan Bantin ◽  
Xia Jun ◽  
Hongping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacteriological Quality

The assessment of water quality consists of counting bacteria indicating fecal contamination or detecting the presence of pathogenic bacteria using standardized or validated methods of classical microbiology. Our present study aims to determine the bacteriological quality of drilling water in the Tandjilé region of Chad. Our method used was based on qualitative and quantitative research on suspected total coliforms, Echerichia Coli and fecal enterococci were analyzed according to the standard routine methods of the French Association for Normalization (AFNOR). Microbiological analysis shows the presence of indicators of fecal contamination such as total coliforms, Escherichia coli and fecal enterococci. The number of strains detected in 100 ml were E. coli (7 /29 samples), fecal Streptococcus (6 /29 samples) and total coliforms (29/29 samples), respectively from borehole water. The contamination rate of E. coli is 24.13%, total coliforms 100% and 20.68% of fecal enterococci in boreholes. The high number of these microorganisms is more than the values recommended by the WHO for the quality of drinking water. Corrective and urgent measures are needed to improve the quality of these water resources, rich in pathogens, which are health risks, and the causes of infectious diseases such as gastroenteritis, diarrhea, typhoid and skin diseases.

Bacteriological Quality of Some Local Herbal Drugs Sold In Port Harcourt, Nigeria and Antibacterial Susceptibility of Isolates Compared with Clinical Isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amala Smart Enoch
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Peptone Water

The world is witnessing an unprecedented rise in the use of herbal medicines. In Nigeria some individuals solely believe in the curative ability of local herbal drugs for the treatment of different forms of ailment. Most local herbal drugs are advertized to cure more than an aliment such as infections and hepatitis, diabetes and gastroenteritis, malaria, general body pain and weakness etc. The preparation and packaging of these local herbal medications are not carried out under appropriate hygienic conditions and they could be prone to contamination by potential pathogenic bacteria. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the bacteriological quality of some local herbal drugs marketed in some parts of Port Harcourt Rivers State Nigeria and their antimicrobial activity compared to some orthodox antimicrobial agents. Materials and Methods: Ten (10) different local herbal drugs were purchased from hawkers, examined for bacteriological quality and antibacterial activities. Each of the sample for bacteriological examination were diluted serially in sterile peptone water by pipeting 1mL of the neat to 9ml of sterile peptone water in a test tube and subsequently diluted to 105 and 0.01mL of the last dilution 105 were cultured on Nutrient and MacConkey agar plates. Susceptibility testing were carried out with the isolated bacteria. The susceptibility was compared with that of already identified clinical isolates of E. coli and S. aureus. Results: The results obtained showed E. coli (69.9%), S. aureus (18.9%), Klebsiella sp. (3.7%) and Bacillus sp. (7.5%) respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolated bacteria from the local herbal drugs were 100% resistant to the orthodox drugs tested against them, whereas the clinical isolates tested were 50% susceptible to the orthodox drugs. The bacteria isolated from herbal drugs and the isolates from clinical specimens were 100% resistant to the local herbal drugs. Conclusion: The bacteriological qualities of the local herbal drugs marketed in some parts of Port Harcourt were poor due to improper hygiene during processing and packaging. Bacterial isolates from the local herbal drugs were resistant to the local herbal drugs and the orthodox drugs. Contaminated local herbal drugs might serve as means of transmitting infections and medium for exchanging resistant genes by the contaminating bacteria. The antibacterial property of herbal drugs may have been altered by the activities of bacteria

Microbiological water quality of the Nišava River

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1668-1673 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. Čučak ◽  
N. V. Marković ◽  
D. V. Radnović
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Pollution ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Microbiological Water Quality ◽  
Intestinal Enterococci

Microorganisms are the ideal indicators of the organic pollution of the surface waters because of their ability to promptly respond to environmental changes. Due to poor economic situation and lack of law implementation, most wastewaters in Serbia are released directly into a surface water recipient without any, or a limited, treatment. This practice has created numerous highly polluted surface waters in the region. Therefore, we conducted seasonal monitoring of the bacteriological quality of the Nišava River located in southeastern Serbia in order to assess the extent of its organic and faecal pollution. A total number of heterotrophs, Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci counts were determined by standard cultivation methods in samples from five locations along the river. In most instances, bacteriological quality of Nišava water belonged to the classes of low or moderate organic and faecal pollution. The samples taken downstream of the city of Niš were the most polluted. Intestinal enterococci and E. coli counts indicated a moderate faecal contamination. Since bacterial counts can reveal a presence of faecal pollution and therefore presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria, a proper microbiological monitoring of surface waters used as a source of drinking water, like the Nišava River itself, is critically important.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality of farmed grass carp, bighead carp, Siberian sturgeon, and wels catfish from Eastern Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Pyz-Łukasik ◽  
Waldemar Paszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Siberian Sturgeon ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to determine the microbiological quality of food fish and its safety for consumers.Material and MethodsThe study included 24 fish representing grass carp, bighead carp, Siberian sturgeon, and wels catfish. Specimens were collected in winter. Aerobic bacteria, psychrophilic, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus spp., and E. coli counts were made, and the presence of Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, and other coagulase-positive staphylococci was investigated.ResultsThe microbiological analysis showed a similar level of aerobic, psychrophilic, and Staphylococcus spp. contamination of the four fish species. The Enterobacteriaceae count was higher in the muscles of grass carp and bighead carp than S. sturgeon and wels catfish. No pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella spp., E. coli, L. monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, or other coagulase positive staphylococci were found in samples of the examined fish species.ConclusionThe fresh fish examined in this study were of good microbiological quality and there was no health risk for consumers.

scholarly journals Are the defined substrate-based methods adequate to determine the microbiological quality of natural recreational waters?

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Sofia Valente ◽  
Paulo Pedro ◽  
M. Carmen Alonso ◽  
Juan J. Borrego ◽  
Lídia Dionísio
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Rapid Tests

Monitoring the microbiological quality of water used for recreational activities is very important to human public health. Although the sanitary quality of recreational marine waters could be evaluated by standard methods, they are time-consuming and need confirmation. For these reasons, faster and more sensitive methods, such as the defined substrate-based technology, have been developed. In the present work, we have compared the standard method of membrane filtration using Tergitol-TTC agar for total coliforms and Escherichia coli, and Slanetz and Bartley agar for enterococci, and the IDEXX defined substrate technology for these faecal pollution indicators to determine the microbiological quality of natural recreational waters. ISO 17994:2004 standard was used to compare these methods. The IDEXX for total coliforms and E. coli, Colilert®, showed higher values than those obtained by the standard method. Enterolert® test, for the enumeration of enterococci, showed lower values when compared with the standard method. It may be concluded that more studies to evaluate the precision and accuracy of the rapid tests are required in order to apply them for routine monitoring of marine and freshwater recreational bathing areas. The main advantages of these methods are that they are more specific, feasible and simpler than the standard methodology.

scholarly journals The Survey of Microbial Quality of the Dry Sample, Extract and Brewing of some Medicinal Plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
Razieh VALIASILL ◽  
Majid AZIZI ◽  
Maasome BAHREINI ◽  
Hossein AROUIE
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Total Count ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range

Medicinal plants may be exposed to a wide range of microbial contamination during pre- and post- harvest stages and they can present high microbial counts. In this study, the microbial quality of 44 samples of dry herbs namely: mint (Menthaspp.), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), summer savory (Satureja hortensis), zataria (Zataria multiflora), Indian valerian (Valeriana wallichii), their brewing and extracts were analyzed. Total count using plate count agar medium (PCA), coliform count by Violet Red Bile Agar (VRBL), Enterobacteriacea by Violet Red Bile Glucose (VRBG) were evaluated. Medium Baird-Parker agar (BP) medium and Tryptone Bile X-Gluc (TBX) medium were used for the isolation and enumeration of Staphylococcus aurous and E. coli spp. respectively. Furthermore, Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar medium (XLD) and Bismuth Sulfite Agar medium(BSA) were used for detection of Salmonella spp. Fungal and mold contamination was assessed using yeast extract glucose chloramphenicol agar. The results showed that the contamination of the samples with total count (100%) and Enterobacteriaceae (85%), total coliform (83%), mold and yeast (98%) and E. coli ssp. (2.27) were detected, including in the study samples the absence of pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aurous, Salmonella spp. Moreover, the extract had a lower microbial load in comparison to dry herb samples. Also, the lowest and the highest of contamination rates were observed for Indian valerian and zataria, respectively. According to the results, there is a need to control the environmental conditions and improve hygiene in the production process; even more, it is recommended to choose a suitable decontamination method for disinfection during packing medicinal plants and during post-packing manipulation and transport.

scholarly journals Analyse des pratiques d’hygiène et de fabrication et évaluation de la qualité du Mashanza dans 12 unités de production au Sud-Kivu

2019 ◽  
Vol 42.3 ◽  
pp. 7314-7329
Author(s):  
Cirhuza Matabaro ◽  
Busime Munamire ◽  
Walangululu Jean ◽  
Sumbu Zola ◽  
Birali Mwamini
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Process Variability ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Bonnes Pratiques ◽  
Fresh Cheese ◽  
Aerobic Flora

Le Mashanza est un fromage frais traditionnel produit à l’Est de la RDC particulièrement au Sud-Kivu. Malheureusement, sa production est demeurée artisanale, malgré son importance commerciale et les pratiques différant d’un endroit à un autre. L’objet de la présente étude est de diagnostiquer l’état sanitaire et les pratiques de fabrication de ce produit. 12 unités de fabrication localisées dans les territoires de Kabare, Kalehe, Uvira et Walungu ont servi de sujet d’études. La méthode des 5 M a permis de classer les divers facteurs susceptibles de contribuer à la dépréciation de la qualité du Mashanza. Les résultats ont montré que la majorité des unités de fabrication sont de type artisanal et ne sont pas conformes sur le plan des installations et de l’assainissement. Les équipements utilisés sont rudimentaires. Le personnel est peu instruit et n’a pas été formé aux bonnes pratiques de fabrication et d’hygiène. Les résultats de l’analyse physico-chimique des produits montrent des valeurs comprises entre 31,1% et 48,8% pour la matière sèche, 3,5 et 3,9 pour le pH, de 0,87 et 0,95 pour l’Aw et de 41,5 et 100,8°D pour l’acidité, traduisant entre autres l’influence de la variabilité des procédés sur la qualité du Mashanza. L’analyse microbiologique révèle une flore aérobie mésophile totale variant entre 4 et 8.102 ufc/ml pour le lactosérum et 0 et 9,8.10² ufc/g pour le Mashanza. Le lactosérum accuse la présence des coliformes : E.coli, S.aureus, les germes anaérobies sulfito-réducteurs, les levures et les moisissures. Leur dénombrement montre des valeurs variant entre 0 et 1,4.10² ufc/g pour les coliformes totaux, 0 et 36 ufc/g pour les coliformes fécaux, 0 et 1,6.10² ufc/g pour E. coli; 0 et 1,2.103, ufc/ml pour les anaérobies sulfito-réducteurs et entre 0 et 1,5.103. ufc/g pour les levures et les moisissures. Salmonella sp. est absent de tous les échantillons de lactosérum et de Mashanza. En général, de « Mashanza » est satisfaisante. Les résultats obtenus permettent d’orienter les producteurs et les chercheurs sur les facteurs pouvant déprécier la qualité du Mashanza et sur lesquels on peut agir. ABSTRACT Mashanza is a traditional fresh cheese produced in eastern DRC, particularly in South Kivu. Unfortunately, its production has remained artisanal, despite its commercial importance and practices differ from one place to another. The purpose of this study is to diagnose the health status and manufacturing practices of this product. 12 manufacturing units located in the Kabare, Kalehe, Uvira and Walungu territories were used as subjects of study. The 5M method classified the various factors that may contribute to the depreciation of the quality of the Mashanza. The results showed that the majority of manufacturing units are of the artisanal type and are not compliant in terms of facilities and sanitation. The equipment used is rudimentary. The staff is poorly educated and has not been trained in good manufacturing and hygiene practices. The results of the physicochemical analysis of the products show values between 31.1% and 48.8% for the dry matter, 3.5 and 3.9 for the pH, of 0.87 and 0.95 for Aw and 41.5 and 100.8 ° D for acidity, reflecting, among other things, the influence of process variability on Mashanza quality. The microbiological analysis reveals a total mesophilic aerobic flora varying between 4 and 8 × 10 2 cfu / ml for whey and 0 and 9.8 × 10 2 cfu / g for Mashanza. The whey accuses the presence of coliforms: E. coli, S.aureus, anaerobic sulphite-reducing germs, yeasts and moulds. Their enumeration shows values ranging between 0 and 1.4 × 10 2 cfu / g for total coliforms, 0 and 36 cfu / g for faecal coliforms, 0 and 1.6 × 10 2 cfu / g for E. coli; 0 and 1.2.103, cfu / ml for the sulphito-reducing anaerobes and between 0 and 1.5.103. ufc / g for yeasts and moulds. Salmonella sp. is absent from all whey and Mashanza samples. In general, Mashanza is satisfactory. The results obtained make it possible to guide producers and researchers on the factors that can degrade the quality of Mashanza and that can be acted on.

scholarly journals Land use and its impacts on the water quality of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed, Guarulhos (SP)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhisney Gonçalves de Oliveira ◽  
Reinaldo Romero Vargas ◽  
Antonio Roberto Saad ◽  
Regina De Oliveira Moraes Arruda ◽  
Fabrício Bau Dalmas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water

The urbanization process through which large urban centers have been passing has drastically affected the availability and especially the quality of water. The Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed (CIW), located in the municipality of Guarulhos (State of São Paulo, Brazil), includes areas with different land use classes. This paper aims to correlate the spatial and temporal effects of land use and land cover on the water quality of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed. In a period of 12 months and at six sampling points along the watershed, the physicochemical parameters temperature (T), pH, turbidity (TU), total solids (TS), electrical conductivity (EC), total phosphorus (TP), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), as well as microbiological analysis (E. coli) were measured. Water quality was assessed using a modified version (WQIM) of the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the Trophic State Index (TSI). The areas surrounded by urban development presented a marked worsening in water quality, with the downstream point most affected and ranked as ‘POOR’. From the evaluated parameters, what contributed most to water quality degradation of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed (CIW) was E. coli, followed by BOD, and TP, all parameters related to the presence of sewage in the water. The need for the construction of sewerage and waste treatment, protection and recovery of riparian forests, and environmental education regarding waste disposal are necessary to significantly improve the environmental quality of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed.

scholarly journals Bacteriological quality of sliced fruits sold at road site in Maiduguri, Borno State

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242
Author(s):  
IA Allamin ◽  
MB Borkoma ◽  
M Ibu Abbas ◽  
MA Wazin
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Food Hygiene ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Count Range ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count

The study was conducted to assess the bacteriological quality of sliced fruits, Fresh cut fruits collected from different stationary vendors in Maiduguri metropolis and were analysed to determine their bacteriological quality. All samples examined were contaminated with bacteria load. The Total aerobic plate count (TAPC) range from 1.8x105 – 3.4x105 for pawpaw, 1.9x105- 6.8x105 for pineapple and 1.5x105- 5.1x105 for watermelon, Likewise Total coliforms count range from 1.0x104 – 2.0x104 for pawpaw, 1.0x104- 3.8x104 for pineapple and 1.0x105- 4.6x104 for watermelon. The bacterial isolate were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, Pseudomonas, Shigella sp. and Salmonella sp. The results obtained shows that sliced fruits sold in Maiduguri metropolis are habited by pathogenic bacteria. Therefore educating our fruit vendors on food hygiene, adequate packaging/covering of fruits on display for sale and washing of fruits before consumption is recommended. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12645 International Journal of Environment Vol.4(2) 2015: 236-242

scholarly journals Bacteriological quality of dry powder milk available in local markets of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-273
Author(s):  
Nazia Afrin ◽  
Rasheda Yasmin Shilpi
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Dry Powder ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Powder Milk ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Almost All

Milk and milk powders are very rich in several nutrients and relished by everybody throughout the world. The present study was undertaken with the aim of investigating the bacteriological quality of locally available dry powder milk in Bangladesh. A total number of eight powder milk samples were collected from Gazipur city and its surrounding areas during the period from January 2017 to February 2017. The analysis comprised of enumeration of total viable bacterial count (TVBC), isolation of bacterial isolates and identification of pathogenic bacteria. Almost all the powder milk samples showed the total aerobic heterotrophic bacterial (TAHB) level above the standard acceptable range (>104 CFU/g). Both gram positive and gram negative pathogenic bacteria viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus, pseudomonas sp. and Enterobacter sp. were isolated from studied samples through morphological and biochemical characteristics. Pseudomonas sp. were confirmed by API 20E. These results highlighted the necessity to maintain appropriate sanitary and hygienic measures at each critical point in order to safeguard consumers from food borne pathogens.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2018, 4(3): 267-273

Estimating Bacterial Pathogen Levels in New Zealand Bulk Tank Milk

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. MARSHALL ◽  
T. K. SOBOLEVA ◽  
P. JAMIESON ◽  
N. P. FRENCH
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Tank

ABSTRACT Zoonotic bacteria such as Campylobacter, Listeria, and Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli have been found in bulk tank milk in many countries, and the consumption of raw milk has been implicated in outbreaks of disease in New Zealand. Fecal contamination at milking is probably the most common source of pathogenic bacteria in bulk tank milk. Raw milk was collected from 80 New Zealand dairy farms during 2011 and 2012 and tested periodically for Campylobacter, E. coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella. Milk quality data such as coliform counts, total bacterial counts, and somatic cell counts also were collected. By treating the total bacterial count as a proxy for fecal contamination of milk and utilizing farm and animal level prevalence and shedding rates of each pathogen, a predictive model for the level of pathogenic bacteria in bulk tank raw milk was developed. The model utilizes a mixture distribution to combine the low level of contamination inherent in the milking process with isolated contamination events associated with significantly higher pathogen levels. By simulating the sampling and testing process, the predictive model was validated against the observed prevalence of each pathogen in the survey. The predicted prevalence was similar to the observed prevalence for E. coli O157 and Salmonella, although the predicted prevalence was higher than that observed in samples tested for Campylobacter.

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