Bacteriological Quality of Some Local Herbal Drugs Sold In Port Harcourt, Nigeria and Antibacterial Susceptibility of Isolates Compared with Clinical Isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amala Smart Enoch
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Peptone Water

The world is witnessing an unprecedented rise in the use of herbal medicines. In Nigeria some individuals solely believe in the curative ability of local herbal drugs for the treatment of different forms of ailment. Most local herbal drugs are advertized to cure more than an aliment such as infections and hepatitis, diabetes and gastroenteritis, malaria, general body pain and weakness etc. The preparation and packaging of these local herbal medications are not carried out under appropriate hygienic conditions and they could be prone to contamination by potential pathogenic bacteria. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the bacteriological quality of some local herbal drugs marketed in some parts of Port Harcourt Rivers State Nigeria and their antimicrobial activity compared to some orthodox antimicrobial agents. Materials and Methods: Ten (10) different local herbal drugs were purchased from hawkers, examined for bacteriological quality and antibacterial activities. Each of the sample for bacteriological examination were diluted serially in sterile peptone water by pipeting 1mL of the neat to 9ml of sterile peptone water in a test tube and subsequently diluted to 105 and 0.01mL of the last dilution 105 were cultured on Nutrient and MacConkey agar plates. Susceptibility testing were carried out with the isolated bacteria. The susceptibility was compared with that of already identified clinical isolates of E. coli and S. aureus. Results: The results obtained showed E. coli (69.9%), S. aureus (18.9%), Klebsiella sp. (3.7%) and Bacillus sp. (7.5%) respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolated bacteria from the local herbal drugs were 100% resistant to the orthodox drugs tested against them, whereas the clinical isolates tested were 50% susceptible to the orthodox drugs. The bacteria isolated from herbal drugs and the isolates from clinical specimens were 100% resistant to the local herbal drugs. Conclusion: The bacteriological qualities of the local herbal drugs marketed in some parts of Port Harcourt were poor due to improper hygiene during processing and packaging. Bacterial isolates from the local herbal drugs were resistant to the local herbal drugs and the orthodox drugs. Contaminated local herbal drugs might serve as means of transmitting infections and medium for exchanging resistant genes by the contaminating bacteria. The antibacterial property of herbal drugs may have been altered by the activities of bacteria

ANTIBIOFILM ACTIVITY OF SELECTED PLANT SPECIES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Terzić ◽  
◽  
Marina Stanković ◽  
Olgica Stefanović
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Acetone Extracts

Bacterial biofilm is a complex community of bacterial cells enclosed in a polymer matrix and attached to a biotic or abiotic substrate. In this living form the bacteria are more resistant to antimicrobial agents than in the form of planktonic cells. Biofilm is a common cause of chronic infections in humans, so due to the growing resistance to antibiotics, alternative methods for controlling infections using medicinal plants have been proposed. In this study, the antibiofilm activity of ethanol and acetone extracts of plants Lamium album, Achillea millefolium and Agrimonia eupatoria against eight clinical isolates of human pathogenic bacteria was examined. Inhibition of biofilm formation was demonstrated using the crystal violet test and the effect on metabolic activity was confirmed by the use of resazurin dye test. Ethanol extract of L. album showed the greatest activity against P. aeruginosa (PA9) at a concentration of 20 mg/ml (> 80% of inhibition), while acetone extract acted at a concentration of 5 mg/ml (≥ 18%) against Klebsiella sp. (K9). At a concentration of 10 mg/ml, the ethanol extract of A. millefolium was effective against E. coli (E16) and P. aeruginosa (PA8) (> 70%), while the acetone extract was effective at 2.5 mg/ml (> 80%) against E. coli (E16). Ethanol and acetone extracts of A. eupatoria were effective at a concentration of 10 mg/ml (> 50%) against E. coli (E16). The antibiofilm activity of the tested plant extracts on certain clinical isolates indicates their great potential in the treatment of infections caused by biofilm-producing bacteria.

Microbiological water quality of the Nišava River

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1668-1673 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. Čučak ◽  
N. V. Marković ◽  
D. V. Radnović
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Pollution ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Microbiological Water Quality ◽  
Intestinal Enterococci

Microorganisms are the ideal indicators of the organic pollution of the surface waters because of their ability to promptly respond to environmental changes. Due to poor economic situation and lack of law implementation, most wastewaters in Serbia are released directly into a surface water recipient without any, or a limited, treatment. This practice has created numerous highly polluted surface waters in the region. Therefore, we conducted seasonal monitoring of the bacteriological quality of the Nišava River located in southeastern Serbia in order to assess the extent of its organic and faecal pollution. A total number of heterotrophs, Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci counts were determined by standard cultivation methods in samples from five locations along the river. In most instances, bacteriological quality of Nišava water belonged to the classes of low or moderate organic and faecal pollution. The samples taken downstream of the city of Niš were the most polluted. Intestinal enterococci and E. coli counts indicated a moderate faecal contamination. Since bacterial counts can reveal a presence of faecal pollution and therefore presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria, a proper microbiological monitoring of surface waters used as a source of drinking water, like the Nišava River itself, is critically important.

scholarly journals Monitoring the Bacteriological Quality of Manual Drilling Water in the Tandjilé Region in Chad

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allaramadji Beyaitan Bantin ◽  
Xia Jun ◽  
Hongping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacteriological Quality

The assessment of water quality consists of counting bacteria indicating fecal contamination or detecting the presence of pathogenic bacteria using standardized or validated methods of classical microbiology. Our present study aims to determine the bacteriological quality of drilling water in the Tandjilé region of Chad. Our method used was based on qualitative and quantitative research on suspected total coliforms, Echerichia Coli and fecal enterococci were analyzed according to the standard routine methods of the French Association for Normalization (AFNOR). Microbiological analysis shows the presence of indicators of fecal contamination such as total coliforms, Escherichia coli and fecal enterococci. The number of strains detected in 100 ml were E. coli (7 /29 samples), fecal Streptococcus (6 /29 samples) and total coliforms (29/29 samples), respectively from borehole water. The contamination rate of E. coli is 24.13%, total coliforms 100% and 20.68% of fecal enterococci in boreholes. The high number of these microorganisms is more than the values recommended by the WHO for the quality of drinking water. Corrective and urgent measures are needed to improve the quality of these water resources, rich in pathogens, which are health risks, and the causes of infectious diseases such as gastroenteritis, diarrhea, typhoid and skin diseases.

scholarly journals The Survey of Microbial Quality of the Dry Sample, Extract and Brewing of some Medicinal Plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
Razieh VALIASILL ◽  
Majid AZIZI ◽  
Maasome BAHREINI ◽  
Hossein AROUIE
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Total Count ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range

Medicinal plants may be exposed to a wide range of microbial contamination during pre- and post- harvest stages and they can present high microbial counts. In this study, the microbial quality of 44 samples of dry herbs namely: mint (Menthaspp.), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), summer savory (Satureja hortensis), zataria (Zataria multiflora), Indian valerian (Valeriana wallichii), their brewing and extracts were analyzed. Total count using plate count agar medium (PCA), coliform count by Violet Red Bile Agar (VRBL), Enterobacteriacea by Violet Red Bile Glucose (VRBG) were evaluated. Medium Baird-Parker agar (BP) medium and Tryptone Bile X-Gluc (TBX) medium were used for the isolation and enumeration of Staphylococcus aurous and E. coli spp. respectively. Furthermore, Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar medium (XLD) and Bismuth Sulfite Agar medium(BSA) were used for detection of Salmonella spp. Fungal and mold contamination was assessed using yeast extract glucose chloramphenicol agar. The results showed that the contamination of the samples with total count (100%) and Enterobacteriaceae (85%), total coliform (83%), mold and yeast (98%) and E. coli ssp. (2.27) were detected, including in the study samples the absence of pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aurous, Salmonella spp. Moreover, the extract had a lower microbial load in comparison to dry herb samples. Also, the lowest and the highest of contamination rates were observed for Indian valerian and zataria, respectively. According to the results, there is a need to control the environmental conditions and improve hygiene in the production process; even more, it is recommended to choose a suitable decontamination method for disinfection during packing medicinal plants and during post-packing manipulation and transport.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Quality of Swimming Pools Water in Port Harcourt Metropolis

2016 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smart Enoch Amala ◽  
Constancy Prisca Aleru
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Port Harcourt

scholarly journals Isolation, identification and antibiogram profile of Aeromonas hydrophila from broiler chickens in Mymensingh Sadar, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Basana Sarker ◽  
Mohammad Arif ◽  
Nilofa Eashmen ◽  
Mir Rowshan Akter ◽  
SM Lutful Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Alkaline Peptone Water ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Peptone Water

Investigation of Aeromonas hydrophila was conducted to assess the microbial quality of broiler chickens from July to November 2019. A total of 60 samples from 20 broiler chickens were collected from two different locations of Mymensingh Sadar: KR market, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) and Shesh mor bazar (10 birds from each location). Samples included 20 skins, 20 legs and 20 breast samples from 20 broiler chickens. PCR was done for the specific detection of each isolate and finally antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to check sensitivity pattern of each isolate. Alkaline peptone water was used for processing and enrichment of the samples followed by inoculation onto Aeromonas selective agar supplemented with ampicillin for the isolation and identification of A. hydrophila. Out of these 60 samples, 27 isolates were confirmed as A. hydrophila through biochemical tests and PCR where 55.56% isolates were recovered from Shesh mor market and other 44.4% isolates from KR market, BAU. Source-wise analysis revealed that maximum isolates of A. hydrophila were recovered from skin (59.26 %) followed by leg (22.22 %) and breast samples (18.52 %). PCR test revealed that all 27 isolates were found carrying lip gene which is specific for A. hydrophila. Isolates of A. hydrophila were found sensitive to ciprofloxacin (92%), gentamycin (66%) and chloramphenicol (50%); intermediate against erythromycin (50%), tetracycline (50%) and imipenem (50%); resistant against co-trimoxazole (84%) and ampicillin (100%). From the present study, it was found that samples were considerably contaminated with Aeromonas hydrophila causing risks for public health. Necessary control actions should be taken in every steps of production, processing and marketing for mitigation of this contamination. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2020, 4 (1), 22-30

scholarly journals Russia-made Mueller–Hinton agar: compliance with contemporary requirements

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-416
Author(s):  
L. V. Domotenko ◽  
I. S. Kosilova ◽  
A. P. Shepelin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar

At present, a rise of antimicrobial resistance requires that susceptibility of infectious agents to antimicrobial agents could be accurately evaluated as related errors may lead to selecting improper therapeutics provoking spread of drug resistance. Pathogen sensitivity to antimicrobial agents is commonly determined by a disc diffusion method. A quality of nutrient medium used in assays plays a crucial role influencing final results. In Russia, it turned out that regulatory documents such as the nationwide guidelines and clinical recommendations outlining methodology for antimicrobial susceptibility testing underlay availability in domestic market few nutrient media, including Mueller–Hinton Agar, AGV medium etc. exhibiting sometimes unsatisfactory quality. To harmonize such methodology with international requirements, theStateResearchCenterfor Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology has developed a technology and promoted manufacture of Russia-made Mueller–Hinton agar satisfying requirements of EUCAST documents, clinical guidelines, and ISO/TS 16782:2016. The main objective of this study was to compare quality of new agar product with five similar foreign media while examining 11 test strains by disc diffusion method. As a result, some of nutrient media available to the Russian market turned out to be off-standard: not all of them satisfy to the EUCAST requirements and clinical guidelines since diameter distribution for growth inhibition recommended by EUCAST for quality control does not fit into permissible range. Moreover, susceptibility of P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, Meropenem, as well as S. aureus ATSS 25923 and E. faecalis ATCC 29212 to tigecycline was assessed with certain mistakes. The data obtained by us were analyzed in accordance to the new document ISO/TS 16782:2016 “Clinical laboratory testing — criterion for acceptable lots of dehydrated Mueller–Hinton agar and broth for antimicrobial susceptibility testing”, not approved yet In Russia. To determine potential reason for deviation of data from reference range, we measured concentration of bivalent metals in all nutrient media examined by atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. We determined new patterns affecting reliability of results on microbial antibiotic susceptibility. A need to check intralaboratory quality control of nutrient media was emphasized.  

scholarly journals Staphylococcal slime layers and biofilm from different origins

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Casquero Cunha ◽  
Michelle Dias Hornes da Rosa ◽  
Cleomar da Silva ◽  
Francisco Denis Souza Santos ◽  
Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Slime Layer ◽  
Gentamicin Resistance ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

ABSTRACT: The genus Staphylococcus comprises some of the most important pathogenic bacteria for both humans and animals. It is responsible for bovine mastitis and canine otitis, besides being present in the microbiota of animals and as a contaminant in food. Its pathogenesis is related to the formation of capsule and biofilm, which contribute to its infectivity. The objective of this study was to observe the production of slime layer and formation of biofilm, which are related to the resistance to antimicrobial agents and presence of icaA and icaD genes, in 41 isolates of Staphylococcus spp. from different origins, provided by the Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico (LRD). Strains of Staphylococcus spp. were cultivated in Congo red agar for capsule detection. Biofilm formation was detected using the 96-well microplate testing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the plate diffusion method. Part of the analyzed samples produced slime layer (36.6%) and formed biofilm (17.1%). However, six of those that formed biofilms were susceptible to the eight antibiotics tested in the antibiogram. In tests to determine the minimum bactericidal and inhibitory concentrations, gentamicin resistance of biofilm-forming strains was greater than that of non-forming strains. Ampicillin was the least effective antimicrobial drug (51%), followed by tetracycline (71%), neomycin (73%), and erythromycin (73%). Some isolates presented the icaA (6) and icaD (11) genes. Therefore, we suggested that the origin of an isolate can determine its expression of virulence factor and resistance to certain antibiotics.

scholarly journals Bacteriological quality of sliced fruits sold at road site in Maiduguri, Borno State

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242
Author(s):  
IA Allamin ◽  
MB Borkoma ◽  
M Ibu Abbas ◽  
MA Wazin
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Food Hygiene ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Count Range ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count

The study was conducted to assess the bacteriological quality of sliced fruits, Fresh cut fruits collected from different stationary vendors in Maiduguri metropolis and were analysed to determine their bacteriological quality. All samples examined were contaminated with bacteria load. The Total aerobic plate count (TAPC) range from 1.8x105 – 3.4x105 for pawpaw, 1.9x105- 6.8x105 for pineapple and 1.5x105- 5.1x105 for watermelon, Likewise Total coliforms count range from 1.0x104 – 2.0x104 for pawpaw, 1.0x104- 3.8x104 for pineapple and 1.0x105- 4.6x104 for watermelon. The bacterial isolate were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, Pseudomonas, Shigella sp. and Salmonella sp. The results obtained shows that sliced fruits sold in Maiduguri metropolis are habited by pathogenic bacteria. Therefore educating our fruit vendors on food hygiene, adequate packaging/covering of fruits on display for sale and washing of fruits before consumption is recommended. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12645 International Journal of Environment Vol.4(2) 2015: 236-242

scholarly journals Microbiological Quality Assessment by PCR and Its Antibiotic Susceptibility in Mangrove Crabs (Ucides cordatus) from Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. N. Carvalho ◽  
M. M. Jayme ◽  
G. S. Arenazio ◽  
F. V. Araújo ◽  
S. G. F. Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Ucides Cordatus ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mar Index ◽  
Mangrove Crabs ◽  
Crab Meat ◽  
Janeiro State

The bacteriological quality of crabs from three different mangroves (Itaóca, Suruí, and Piedade) from Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, was investigated using conventional and molecular methods. The results revealed high counts for total coliforms in meat and hepatopancreas samples. PCR analyses identified 25Escherichia colicolonies in the Itaóca, Piedade, and Suruí samples, detecting 13 enterotoxigenic colonies and 9 enteroaggregative colonies. Respectively, 12, 11, and 21Vibrio parahaemolyticusstrains were detected in the Itaóca, Piedade, and Suruí samples. TwoV. choleraestrains were detected in the Piedade samples. TheE. colistrains isolated in the present study showed resistance to gentamicin.E. colistrains from the Piedade samples showed 33% resistance to chloramphenicol and the strains also showed multiresistance to several antimicrobial agents with a MAR index ranging from 0.12 to 0.31.Vibriostrains from Piedade, Itaóca, and Suruí showed 86%, 78%, and 85% resistance, respectively, to ampicillin. The isolatedVibriostrains showed multiresistance to several antimicrobial agents, with a MAR index ranging from 0.12 to 0.25. The presence of these organisms in crab meat is an indication of microbial contamination, which may pose health risks to consumers when improperly cooked.

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