scholarly journals Knowledge and Perception of Rabies Among School Children in Rabies Endemic Areas of South Bhutan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lungten Lungten ◽  
Sangay Rinchen ◽  
Tenzin Tenzin ◽  
Waraphon Phimpraphai ◽  
Michel de Garine-Wichatitsky
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
School Children ◽  
School Level ◽  
Individual Student ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
The Individual

Rabies is endemic in southern Bhutan and children were reported to be the most frequent victims. We surveyed the knowledge, attitude, and practices on rabies among school children in three schools located in southern Bhutan. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were performed to analyze the level of knowledge and variation of perception towards rabies among secondary school children. A total of 701 students (57.9% female, 42.1% male) had participated in the survey of which 98.2% heard about rabies. Most of the students demonstrated a good level of knowledge (59.7%) and a favorable perception towards rabies (57.7%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed the importance of previous rabies awareness campaign increasing the likelihood of positive knowledge about rabies at the individual student and the school level. Similarly, higher grades of students’, employed mothers of the students, and students from villages were associated with more favorable perceptions. Overall, our study in rabies endemic areas of Southern Bhutan showed that most of the students have good knowledge and favorable perception towards rabies. However, we identified several knowledge gaps. Therefore, efforts should be made to address the knowledge gaps through regular awareness programs by actively engaging key stakeholders such as school-teachers and parents.

The Relationship Between Implementation of School-Wide Positive Behavior Support (SWPBS) and Disciplinary Exclusion of Students From Various Ethnic Backgrounds With and Without Disabilities

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia G. Vincent ◽  
Tary J. Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Positive Behavior Support ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Positive Behavior ◽  
School Level ◽  
Individual Student ◽  
Behavior Support ◽  
Whole School ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
The Individual

This study examined disciplinary exclusion data from 77 schools implementing school-wide positive behavior support (SWPBS). The authors examined (a) patterns of exclusion in schools implementing SWPBS; (b) associations between decreased exclusions and SWPBS implementation at the whole school level, the classroom level, the nonclassroom level, and the individual student level; (c) the extent to which students from varying ethnicities were equitably represented in overall exclusions as well as long-term exclusions; and (d) the extent to which students with a disability from varying ethnicities were equitably represented in long-term exclusions. Whereas SWPBS implementation in the classroom appeared to be associated with decreased exclusions in elementary schools, SWPBS implementation in nonclassroom settings appeared to be associated with decreased exclusions in high schools. Although overall exclusions decreased, White students appeared to benefit most from this decrease, whereas African American students remained overrepresented in exclusions, in particular long-term exclusions. Small sample sizes limited generalizability of outcomes.

The Effects of Gentrification on Neighborhood Public Schools

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micere Keels ◽  
Julia Burdick–Will ◽  
Sara Keene
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
First Grade ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Level ◽  
Individual Student ◽  
Student Body ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Socioeconomic Changes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Student

Gentrification is generally associated with improvements in neighborhood amenities, but we know little about whether the improvements extend to public schools. Using administrative data (from spring 1993 to spring 2004) from the third largest school district in the United States, we examine the relationships between gentrification and school–level student math and reading achievement, and whether changes in the composition of the student body account for any changes in achievement. After testing several alternative specifications of gentrification, we find that, in Chicago, gentrification has little effect on neighborhood public schools. Neighborhood public schools experience essentially no aggregate academic benefit from the socioeconomic changes occurring around them. Furthermore, they may even experience marginal harm, as the neighborhood skews toward higher income residents. For the individual student, starting first grade in a school located in a gentrifying neighborhood has no association with the relative growth rate of their test scores over their elementary school years.

scholarly journals Social determinants of mortality from COVID-19: A simulation study using NHANES

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. e1003490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Seligman ◽  
Maddalena Ferranna ◽  
David E. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Level ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Veteran Status ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Individual

Background The COVID-19 epidemic in the United States is widespread, with more than 200,000 deaths reported as of September 23, 2020. While ecological studies show higher burdens of COVID-19 mortality in areas with higher rates of poverty, little is known about social determinants of COVID-19 mortality at the individual level. Methods and findings We estimated the proportions of COVID-19 deaths by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and comorbid conditions using their reported univariate proportions among COVID-19 deaths and correlations among these variables in the general population from the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We used these proportions to randomly sample individuals from NHANES. We analyzed the distributions of COVID-19 deaths by race/ethnicity, income, education level, and veteran status. We analyzed the association of these characteristics with mortality by logistic regression. Summary demographics of deaths include mean age 71.6 years, 45.9% female, and 45.1% non-Hispanic white. We found that disproportionate deaths occurred among individuals with nonwhite race/ethnicity (54.8% of deaths, 95% CI 49.0%–59.6%, p < 0.001), individuals with income below the median (67.5%, 95% CI 63.4%–71.5%, p < 0.001), individuals with less than a high school level of education (25.6%, 95% CI 23.4% –27.9%, p < 0.001), and veterans (19.5%, 95% CI 15.8%–23.4%, p < 0.001). Except for veteran status, these characteristics are significantly associated with COVID-19 mortality in multiple logistic regression. Limitations include the lack of institutionalized people in the sample (e.g., nursing home residents and incarcerated persons), the need to use comorbidity data collected from outside the US, and the assumption of the same correlations among variables for the noninstitutionalized population and COVID-19 decedents. Conclusions Substantial inequalities in COVID-19 mortality are likely, with disproportionate burdens falling on those who are of racial/ethnic minorities, are poor, have less education, and are veterans. Healthcare systems must ensure adequate access to these groups. Public health measures should specifically reach these groups, and data on social determinants should be systematically collected from people with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Demand for and Supply of Drugs among School Youth. An Evaluation of the Swedish Dare Program

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Peter Lindström ◽  
Robert Svensson
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Drug Prevention ◽  
School Level ◽  
Individual Student ◽  
Seventh Grade ◽  
School Students ◽  
Perceived Availability ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
The Individual

Illicit drug use among high school students is on the rise in Sweden as well as in other countries. This fact has put high demand on the police, who are not only expected to reduce the availability of drugs but also to take part in the effort to affect the students' demand for drugs. The aim of this study was to analyze what impact students' demand for and perceived availability of illicit drugs in the seventh grade have on their attitudes towards and experience with drugs in the eigth grade. Moreover, the purpose was to investigate to what extent a specific police-led school-based drug prevention program, the project DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance Education), affects students' attitudes and experiences regarding drugs. As a part in an ongoing evaluation of the Swedish DARE program (called VÅGA) about 1 800 students in 22 Swedish junior high schools on three occasions anonymously answered questions about their attitudes towards and experiences with drugs. Contextual analysis was used to estimate the significance of various student-level risk-factors (such as family bonding, school involvement, and peer activity) and school aggregated contextual factors. The results show that students' curiosity and perceived availability of illicit drugs at the school-level have statistically significant effects on drug-related attitudes and experiences at the individual-student level. The attitudes towards and experiences with drugs in the eigth grade of students who participated in the DARE program in the seventh grade were not different from those of students who did not participate in the program. A brief discussion of what measures the police should conduct in order to block the availability of drugs and what their role in schools should be are finally presented.

Sexual Victimization

2018 ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
Ron Avi Astor ◽  
Rami Benbenishty
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
School Level ◽  
Individual Student ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Societal Norms ◽  
Religious Cultures ◽  
The Individual

This chapter examines issues of sexual victimization in schools. It discusses the complexity of definitions of sexual victimization in light of shifting societal norms and expectations. The chapter takes a nuanced approach to issues of sexual assault, victimization due to sexual orientation or gender identity, and sexual humiliation or sexual predatory behaviors as they relate to various forms of bullying, harassment, victimization, and discrimination. It discusses the interrelations between school climate and sexual harassment, the vulnerability of certain groups to being targeted for such harassment (e.g., sexual minorities such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer [LGBTQ]). The chapter also explores issues of sexual harassment in schools as they relate to issues of patriarchal and religious cultures and examines differences in sexual victimization among cultural groups in Israel, both on the level of the individual student and on the school level.

Attitudes towards drugs among school youths: An evaluation of the Swedish DARE programme

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lindström ◽  
Robert Svensson
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Drug Prevention ◽  
School Level ◽  
Eighth Grade ◽  
Individual Student ◽  
Seventh Grade ◽  
School Students ◽  
Perceived Availability ◽  
The Individual

Illicit drug use among high school students is on the rise in Sweden as well as in other countries. This fact has put high demand on the police, who are not only expected to reduce the availability of drugs but also to take part in the effort to affect the students' demand for drugs. The aim of this study was to analyse what impact students' demand for and perceived availability of illicit drugs in the seventh grade have on their attitudes towards and experience with drugs in the eighth grade. Moreover, the purpose was to investigate to what extent a specific police-led school-based drug prevention programme, the project DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance Education), affects students' attitudes and experiences regarding drugs. As a part in an ongoing evaluation of the Swedish DARE programme (called VÅGA) about 1,800 students in 22 Swedish junior high schools on three occasions anonymously answered questions about their attitudes towards and experiences with drugs. Contextual analysis was used to estimate the significance of various student-level risk-factors (such as family bonding, school involvement, and peer activity) and school aggregated contextual factors. The results show that students' curiosity and perceived availability of illicit drugs at the school-level have statistically significant effects on drug-related attitudes and experiences at the individual-student level. The attitudes towards and experiences with drugs in the eighth grade of students who participated in the DARE programme in the seventh grade were not different from those students who did not participate in the programme. A brief discussion of what measures the police should conduct in order to block the availability of drugs and what their role in schools should be are finally presented.

scholarly journals The Negative Effects of Student Mobility: Mobility as a Predictor, Mobility as a Mediator

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Scherrer
Keyword(s):  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
School Level ◽  
Individual Student ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Early Childhood Care ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Childhood Care ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Policy discussions on how to improve educational outcomes have traditionally focused on schools and teachers. While schools and teachers have measurable effects on educational outcomes, reforms aimed at only improving schools and teachers have failed to eliminate persistent achievement gaps. Thus, some scholars have argued for a broader, bolder approach to education. These scholars have investigated the effect of nonschool factors, such as health and early childhood care, on educational outcomes. The present study is intended to add to this growing body of literature. Two analyses that were conducted to examine the effect of student mobility on achievement are discussed. The first uses a multi-level analysis to investigate the relationship between student mobility and reading achievement of students. The second analysis uses aggregate school-level data to investigate if student mobility mediates the relationship between a school's socioeconomic status and its academic achievement levels. The results suggest that student mobility is indeed a predictor of academic struggles—at the individual student level as well as the school level—and should be included in the increasing number of conversations aimed at changing social policies to improve student outcomes.

scholarly journals PKM PALAPA (Pembuatan Aplikasi Laporan Perkembangan Anak) Kelompok A Pada TK An Shal Kecamatan Kamal Kabupaten Bangkalan

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Rica Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Community Service ◽  
School Children ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
School Level ◽  
Service Program ◽  
Development Method ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
Teachers And Parents

Kindergarten is one of the levels of education that began to be promoted by the government before going through the elementary school level. Based on preliminary observations made by service providers at the AN-SHAL Kindergarten, it appears that some children have developed according to the stage of development of their children, but some children are far behind. This is a problem at the school. Children whose development is still below average have lazy tendencies when given assignments both at school and at home. One of the efforts made by the teacher at the AN-SHAL Kindergarten was to make a letter to parents whose children had problems. However, the effort seemed to be a waste because most of their parents could not attend and those present were the caregivers who were in charge of delivering and picking up the children. This difficulty is felt by teachers because most parents of their students are busy working. As a result, the problem of children who are lazy to do tasks continues. The solution given in this community service program is to make an android child development report application. The method used is using the development method. The making of this application was developed from a report on child development in the form of a manual into an application with the help of an android developer kit application and java SE. The results of this service show that the applications made get positive responses from users, namely the teachers and parents of students. From the distribution of questionnaires given to users as much as 95% said this application is very effective to use and can help users to control the development of children.

scholarly journals Comparison of laparoscopic and hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy for inflammatory renal disease: which is the preferred approach?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 175628722098404
Author(s):  
Xudong Guo ◽  
Hanbo Wang ◽  
Yuzhu Xiang ◽  
Xunbo Jin ◽  
Shaobo Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Complication Rate ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Laparoscopic Nephrectomy ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Intraoperative Complication ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽  
Significant Difference

Aims: Management of inflammatory renal disease (IRD) can still be technically challenging for laparoscopic procedures. The aim of the present study was to compare the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic and hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy in patients with IRD. Patients and methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 107 patients who underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy (LN) and hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy (HALN) for IRD from January 2008 to March 2020, including pyonephrosis, renal tuberculosis, hydronephrosis, and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Patient demographics, operative outcomes, and postoperative recovery and complications were compared between the LN and HALN groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the independent predictors of adverse outcomes. Results: Fifty-five subjects in the LN group and 52 subjects in the HALN group were enrolled in this study. In the LN group, laparoscopic nephrectomy was successfully performed in 50 patients (90.9%), while four (7.3%) patients were converted to HALN and one (1.8%) case was converted to open procedure. In HALN group, operations were completed in 51 (98.1%) patients and conversion to open surgery was necessary in one patient (1.9%). The LN group had a shorter median incision length (5 cm versus 7 cm, p < 0.01) but a longer median operative duration (140 min versus 105 min, p < 0.01) than the HALN group. There was no significant difference in blood loss, intraoperative complication rate, postoperative complication rate, recovery of bowel function, and hospital stay between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that severe perinephric adhesions was an independent predictor of adverse outcomes. Conclusion: Both LN and HALN appear to be safe and feasible for IRD. As a still minimally invasive approach, HALN provided an alternative to IRD or when conversion was needed in LN.

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