scholarly journals Comparing Biochar-Swine Manure Mixture to Conventional Manure Impact on Soil Nutrient Availability and Plant Uptake – A Greenhouse Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chumki Banik ◽  
Jacek Koziel ◽  
Darcy Bonds ◽  
Asheesh Singh ◽  
Mark Licht
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
The Impact

The use of swine manure as a source of plant nutrients is one alternative to synthetic fertilizers. However, conventional manure application with >90% water and a low C:N ratio results in soil C loss to the atmosphere. Our hypothesis was to use biochar as a manure nutrient stabilizer that would slowly release nutrients to plants upon biochar-swine manure mixture application to soil. The objectives were to evaluate the impact of biochar-treated swine manure on soil total C, N, and plant-available macro and micronutrients in greenhouse-cultivated corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Neutral pH red oak (RO), highly alkaline autothermal corn stover (HAP), and mild acidic Fe-treated autothermal corn stover (HAPE) biomass were pyrolyzed to prepare biochars. Each biochar was surface-applied to swine manure at a 1:4 (biochar wt/manure wt) ratio to generate mixtures of manure and respective biochars (MRO, MHAP, and MHAPE). Conventional manure (M) control and manure-biochar mixtures were then applied to the soil at a recommended rate. Corn and soybean were grown under these controls and treatments (S, M, MRO, MHAP, and MHAPE) to evaluate the manure-biochar impact on soil quality, plant biomass yield, and nutrient uptake. Soil OM significantly (<0.05) increased in all manure-biochar treatments; however, no change in soil pH or N was observed under any treatment. No difference in soil ammonium between treatments was identified. There was a significant decrease in soil M3-P and soil NO3- for all manure-biochar treatments compared to the conventional M. However, the plant biomass nutrient concentrations were not significantly different from control manure. Moreover, an increasing trend of N and decreasing trend of P in the plant under all biochar-manure treatments than the controls were noted. This observation suggests that the presence of biochar is capable of influencing the soil N and P in such a way as not to lose those nutrients at the early growth stages of the plant. In general, no statistical difference in corn or soybean biomass yield and plant nutrient uptake for N, P, and K was observed. Interestingly, manure-biochar application to soil significantly diluted the M3-extractable soil Cu and Zn concentrations. The results attribute that manure-biochar has the potential to be a better soil amendment than conventional manure application to the soil.

scholarly journals Comparing Biochar-Swine Manure Mixture to Conventional Manure Impact on Soil Nutrient Availability and Plant Uptake—A Greenhouse Study

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Chumki Banik ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Darcy Bonds ◽  
Asheesh K. Singh ◽  
Mark A. Licht
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Extractable Soil

The use of swine manure as a source of plant nutrients is one alternative to synthetic fertilizers. However, conventional manure application with >90% water and a low C:N ratio results in soil C loss to the atmosphere. Our hypothesis was to use biochar as a manure nutrient stabilizer that would slowly release nutrients to plants upon biochar-swine manure mixture application to soil. The objectives were to evaluate the impact of biochar-treated swine manure on soil total C, N, and plant-available macro- and micronutrients in greenhouse-cultivated corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Neutral pH red oak (RO), highly alkaline autothermal corn stover (HAP), and mild acidic Fe-treated autothermal corn stover (HAPE) biomass were pyrolyzed to prepare biochars. Each biochar was surface-applied to swine manure at a 1:4 (biochar wt/manure wt) ratio to generate mixtures of manure and respective biochars (MRO, MHAP, and MHAPE). Conventional manure (M) control and manure-biochar mixtures were then applied to the soil at a recommended rate. Corn and soybean were grown under these controls and treatments (S, M, MRO, MHAP, and MHAPE) to evaluate the manure-biochar impact on soil quality, plant biomass yield, and nutrient uptake. Soil organic matter significantly (<0.05) increased in all manure-biochar treatments; however, no change in soil pH or total N was observed under any treatment. No difference in soil ammonium between treatments was identified. There was a significant decrease in soil Mehlich3 (M3) P and KCl extractable soil NO3− for all manure-biochar treatments compared to the conventional M. However, the plant biomass nutrient concentrations were not significantly different from control manure. Moreover, an increasing trend of plant total N and decreasing trend of P in the plant under all biochar-manure treatments than the controls were noted. This observation suggests that the presence of biochar is capable of influencing the soil N and P in such a way as not to lose those nutrients at the early growth stages of the plant. In general, no statistical difference in corn or soybean biomass yield and plant nutrient uptake for N, P, and K was observed. Interestingly, manure-biochar application to soil significantly diluted the M3 extractable soil Cu and Zn concentrations. The results attribute that manure-biochar has the potential to be a better soil amendment than conventional manure application to the soil.

scholarly journals Comparing Biochar-Swine Manure Mixture to Conventional Manure Impact on Soil Nutrient Availability and Plant Uptake – A Greenhouse Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chumki Banik ◽  
Jacek Koziel ◽  
Darcy Bonds ◽  
Asheesh Singh ◽  
Mark Licht
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Plant Nutrient Uptake ◽  
The Impact

The use of swine manure as a source of plant nutrients is one alternative to synthetic fertilizers. However, conventional manure application with &gt;90% water and a low C:N ratio results in soil C loss to the atmosphere. Our hypothesis was to use biochar as a manure nutrient stabilizer that would slowly release nutrients to plants upon biochar-swine manure mixture application to soil. The objectives were to evaluate the impact of biochar-treated swine manure on soil total C, N, and plant-available macro and micronutrients in greenhouse-cultivated corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Neutral pH red oak (RO), highly alkaline autothermal corn stover (HAP), and mild acidic Fe-treated autothermal corn stover (HAPE) biomass were pyrolyzed to prepare biochars. Each biochar was surface-applied to swine manure at a 1:4 (wt/wt) ratio to generate mixtures of manure and respective biochars (MRO, MHAP, and MHAPE). Conventional manure (M) control and manure-biochar mixtures were then applied to the soil at a recommended rate. Corn and soybean were grown under these controls and treatments (S, M, MRO, MHAP, and MHAPE) to evaluate the manure-biochar impact on soil quality, plant biomass yield, and nutrient uptake. Soil OM significantly (&lt;0.05) increased in all manure-biochar treatments; however, no change in soil pH or N was observed under any treatment. No difference in soil ammonium between treatments was identified. An increase (p&lt;0.05) in soil nitrate under corn was observed for conventional manure (M) treatment. There was a significant decrease in soil M3-P for all manure-biochar treatments compared to the conventional M, but that did not impact plant nutrient uptake. No statistical difference in corn or soybean biomass yield or plant nutrient uptake was observed in the short, two-month experiment. Interestingly, manure-biochar application to soil significantly diluted the M3-extractable soil Cu and Zn concentrations. The results attribute that manure-biochar has the potential to be a better soil amendment than conventional manure application to the soil.

scholarly journals Effect of Zn and B on the Growth and Nutrient Uptake in Groundnut

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ramprosad Nandi ◽  
Hasim Reja ◽  
Nitin Chatterjee ◽  
Animesh Ghosh Bag ◽  
Gora Chand Hazra
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flower Initiation

Aims: To investigate the effect of combination between foliar zinc and boron on groundnut growth, yield, nutrient uptake and its accumulation in pods. Study Design:  Completely random design (CRD). Place and Duration of Study: Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal, India during 2016. Methodology: The pot experiment was comprised of three levels of Zn (0, 0.5 and 0.75% Zn), three levels of B (0, 0.3 and 0.45% B) and their combinations. The treatments were replicated thrice. Zn and B were applied through foliar spray twice at vegetative and flower initiation stage. Chlorophyll content, leaf area, root–shoot dry biomass, plant height, nutrient uptake and nutrient concentrations in pods were studied. Results: Foliar spray of Zn and B jointly increased the leaf area to the tune of 55% and 29% at flowering and pod formation stages, respectively. Despite sole application of B and Zn increased the leaf chlorophyll content in groundnut; the combined applications were much more prominent. Moreover, lower level of Zn combined with higher level of B significantly (p<0.05) had higher uptake of N (18.8%), P (11.5%) and K (5.9%) over higher level of sole Zn application. The improved biomass accumulation of groundnut amplified the efficient utilization of primary nutrients and resulted in higher nutrient uptake as well as their concentration in pods. Groundnut when sprayed with elevated doses of Zn and B produced the maximum yield (30.8 g/plant). Conclusion: Spraying of Zn and B increased plant biomass, leaf area, chlorophyll content noticeably and with the increase in concentration of Zn and B in spray, the increment became quite intense. The combined spray of Zn and B at critical growth stages promoted better growth and productivity of groundnut.

scholarly journals Corn Grain and Stover Nutrient Uptake Responses from Sandy Soil Treated with Designer Biochars and Compost

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 942
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Novak ◽  
Donald W. Watts ◽  
Gilbert C. Sigua ◽  
Thomas F. Ducey
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Soil Fertility Improvement ◽  
Corn Grain

Biochars are used for soil fertility improvement because they may contain certain elements that plants use as nutrients. However, few studies have demonstrated enhanced crop nutrient uptake. Our study examined nutrient uptake responses of corn (Zea Mays L.) grain and stover over 4 years (Y) after a Goldsboro sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, sub-active, thermic Aquic Paleudults) received different designer biochars and a compost. The designer biochars were produced from lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) chip (PC), poultry litter (PL), blends with switchgrass (SG; Panicum virgatum), and a SG compost alone. Topsoil treated with 100% PL biochar and blended PC:PL biochar had significantly greater Mehlich 1 (M1) extractable P, K and Na contents compared to the control or other treatments. No significant differences were detected in annual grain nutrient concentrations. In the first corn stover harvest (Y1), significantly greater concentrations of P and K were taken up after treatment with 100% PL biochar, with PC:PL blend and with SG when compared to control. By the fourth corn stover harvest (Y4), nutrient uptake between treatments was not significantly different. Biochar impact on corn stover P, K and Na concentrations was time dependent, suggesting that repeated biochar applications may be needed.

Dynamic analysis of the impact of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) on biomass and N uptake in two contrasting genotypes of rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Wu ◽  
Herbert J. Kronzucker ◽  
Weiming Shi
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Impact

Elevated CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) in the atmosphere often increase photosynthetic rates and crop yields. However, the degree of the CO2 enhancement varies substantially among cultivars and with growth stage. Here, we examined the responses of two rice cultivars, Wuyunjing23 (WYJ) and IIyou084 (IIY), to two [CO2] (~400 vs ~600) and two nitrogen (N) provision conditions at five growth stages. In general, both seed yield and aboveground biomass were more responsive to elevated [CO2] in IIY than WYJ. However, the responses significantly changed at different N levels and growth stages. At the low N input, yield response to elevated [CO2] was negligible in both cultivars while, at the normal input, yield in IIY was 18.8% higher under elevated [CO2] than ambient [CO2]. Also, responses to elevated [CO2] significantly differed among various growth stages. Elevated [CO2] tended to increase aboveground plant biomass in both cultivars at the panicle initiation (PI) and the heading stages, but this effect was significant only in IIY by the mid-ripening and the grain maturity stages. In contrast, CO2 enhancement of root biomass only occurred in IIY. Elevated [CO2] increased both total N uptake and seed N in IIY but only increased seed N in WYJ, indicating that it enhanced N translocation to seeds in both cultivars but promoted plant N acquisition only in IIY. Root C accumulation and N uptake also exhibited stronger responses in IIY than in WYJ, particularly at the heading stage, which may play a pivotal role in seed filling and seed yield. Our results showed that the more effective use of CO2 in IIY compared with WYJ results in a strong response in root growth, nitrogen uptake, and in yield. These findings suggest that selection of [CO2]-responsive rice cultivars may help optimise the rice yield under future [CO2] scenarios.

scholarly journals Establishing Defoliation Thresholds for Insect Pest of Peanut in Mississippi

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Abbott ◽  
J. M. Sarver ◽  
J. Gore ◽  
D. Cook ◽  
A. Catchot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Economic Injury Level ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Defoliation of peanut by foliage-feeding insects reduces photosynthetic capacity, and in turn, may reduce pod yield, particularly when canopy loss occurs at critical growth stages, i.e., 40 or 80 d after full plant emergence (DAE). The objective of this research was to determine the impact of peanut defoliation levels of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%, at 40 or 80 DAE on canopy height and width, plant biomass, pod grade and yield, and economic injury level. Research was conducted in Stoneville and Starkville MS in 2015 and 2016. The experimental design was a six (defoliation level) by two (defoliation timing) factorial arranged in a randomized complete block. Up to four wk after defoliation, canopy height, canopy width, and plant biomass were negatively correlated with defoliation level regardless of defoliation timing (40 and 80 DAE). Neither defoliation level nor timing had an effect on peanut grade or maturity. Similarly, defoliation at 40 DAE did not affect pod yield but when damage occurred 80 DAE, pod yield was reduced 18.6 kg/ha for every 1% increase in defoliation. Considering average crop value and insect control costs, the economic injury for peanut defoliation at 80 DAE is 5% defoliation. These data indicate that control of canopy-feeding insects is only economically viable when defoliation exceeds 5% defoliation at 80 DAE.

scholarly journals Impact of Bulk ZnO, ZnO Nanoparticles and Dissolved Zn on Early Growth Stages of Barley—A Pot Experiment

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1365
Author(s):  
Lucia Nemček ◽  
Martin Šebesta ◽  
Martin Urík ◽  
Marek Bujdoš ◽  
Edmund Dobročka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
The Impact

Zinc is among the most in-demand metals in the world which also means that a considerable amount of this element is released to the environment each year as a result of human activities. A pot experiment was conducted to study the impact of low- and high-dose zinc amendments on plant growth and biomass yield, with Calcic Chernozem as a growing medium and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as a model plant. The distribution of zinc in various plant parts was also investigated. Zn (II) was added in powder as bulk ZnO and in solution as ZnO nanoparticles and ZnSO4 in two dosages (3 and 30 mmol kg−1 soil) prior to planting. The plants were harvested after 10 days of growth. The three sets of data were taken under identical experimental conditions. The application of zinc in aqueous solution and in particulate form (having particle sizes in the range of <100 nm to >500 nm) at concentration of 3 and 30 mmol Zn kg−1 to the soil resulted in decreased growth (root length, shoot length) and biomass yield; the only exception was the addition of 30 mmol Zn kg−1 in the form of bulk ZnO, which had a positive effect on the root growth. The dry weight reduction (sprout biomass) was lowest in plants grown in soil treated with dissolved zinc. There were no statistically significant changes in the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll, although flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) analysis indicated that plants bioaccumulated the zinc applied. This implies that the transport of zinc into the above-ground plant parts is controlled by the presence of effective mechanical and physiological barriers in roots. Crop performance under zinc stress in relation to biomass production and the growth of roots and shoots is also partly a reflection of the effects of soil properties. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering plant-soil interactions in research of potential toxicity and bioavailability of zinc in the environment.

The Impact of Nitrogen Fixers and Phosphate Solubilizing Microbes on Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-208
Author(s):  
V. Vijayalakshmi ◽  
S. Pradeep ◽  
H. Manjunatha ◽  
V. Krishna ◽  
V. Jyothi
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Nitrogen Fixers ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The inoculants, mainly nitrogen fixers and phosphate solubilizing microbes, have an influence on plant growth attributes. The current study was conducted to assess the fertilizing activity of A. chroocaccum and B. megaterium strains on growth, yield parameters and nutrient uptake of Sorghum bicolor. Methods: The isolation and identification of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium- A. chroocaccum and phosphate solubilizing microbe- B. megaterium and the growth and yield parameters of Sorghum bicolor as well as NPK uptake levels were studied. Results: A. chroocaccum and B. megaterium exhibited the proliferation of microbial population in soil by synergistic interaction with plants, and the application increased the availability of NPK in the soil after harvest of the crop. These beneficial inoculants are also known to help in the uptake of some other nutrients. The maximum beneficial aspects of the plant were noticed in the plants inoculated with 100% Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF)+ A. chroocaccum+ B. megaterium, and the least was noticed in the control plants at all growth stages and at the time of harvest. Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that the beneficial effect of A. chroocaccum and B. megaterium is observed in sorghum crop with improved yield and nutrient uptake. Therefore, this species can be used extensively for future inoculation of the sorghum crop for better growth and development and for good returns in an ecological way.

The impact of chlorsulfuron and diclofop-methyl on nutrient uptake by wheat.

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1757 ◽  
Author(s):  
LD Osborne ◽  
AD Robson ◽  
DG Bowran
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plant Shoots ◽  
Uptake Of Nutrients

The effect of the herbicides chlorsulfuron and diclofop-methyl on nutrient uptake and utilization by wheat was examined in two glasshouse and one field experiment. In the glasshouse, chlorsulfuron decreased shoot weight, root weight and root length. Phosphorus uptake was decreased by chlorsulfuron, especially when combined with low phosphorus supply. Uptake of potassium was also decreased while uptake of nitrogen, calcium and magnesium was not affected. Under field conditions, chlorsulfuron decreased concentrations of a range of elements in plant shoots during early growth by up to 30%. This effect faded with increasing plant age. Chlorsulfuron treatment did not decrease nutrient concentrations in mature grain or grain yield. The elements in order of decreasing sensitivity to chlorsulfuron application were: macro-elements phosphorus, potassium > nitrogen, sulfur > calcium, magnesium and micro-elements zinc, copper > manganese > iron. There were differences in sensitivity to chlorsulfuron treatment between cultivars; Kulin was more sensitive than Reeves. Diclofop-methyl application had little effect on nutrient concentration in plant shoots. Zinc and copper concentrations were reduced in vegetative growth, although only copper concentrations were reduced in mature grain of Kulin. The uptake of nutrients which principally move to plant roots by diffusion was decreased more by herbicides than the uptake of nutrients which principally move by mass flow. It is therefore likely that the herbicides are modifying the ability of roots to explore soil rather than decreasing absorption at the root surface.

scholarly journals Fertilization influence on biomass yield and nutrient uptake of sweet corn in potentially hardsetting soil under no tillage

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronley C. Canatoy ◽  
Nonilona P. Daquiado
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Hardsetting soils are considered problem soils due to its behavior of becoming hard and unbearable to cultivate not until rewetted. Few investigations were conducted in this kind of problem soil; hence, information about biomass yield and nutrient uptake is still elusive. This study investigated the impact of potentially hardsetting soil on the biomass yield and nutrient uptake of sweet corn under no-tillage cultivation system with varying fertilization treatments. Results The application of full NPK + 1 Mg ha−1 VC increased stover and grain yield by 26–106% and 11–135%, respectively. Approximately 64% and 112% of sweet corn stover and grain yield increased when treated with full NPK. Highly significant quadratic relationship (P < 0.001) was revealed between total biomass yield and nutrient uptake of sweet corn, implying that 98–99% of the variation in total biomass could be elucidated by its nutrient uptake. Further, this indicated the suitability of nutrient uptake function that could be used as an estimate in the progression of total biomass accumulation. The application of full NPK showed statistically significant (P < 0.001) nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency across treatments. The soil in the experimental area was a potentially hardsetting soil due to its rapid soil strength development at least 4 days from wetting. This implies that with continued use, proper soil management must be implemented like reduced tillage and organic matter application to facilitate structure formation and binding of soil particles by labile fraction in organic matter. Conclusion Application of organic amendment in combination with inorganic fertilizer could be a sustainable production strategy on sweet corn production system in potentially hardsetting soil under no tillage through enhanced nutrient uptake and biomass accumulation.

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