scholarly journals A Quantitative 1H-NMR Method for Screening Cannabinoids in CBD Oils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Barthlott ◽  
Andreas Scharinger ◽  
Patricia Golombek ◽  
Thomas Kuballa ◽  
Dirk W. Lachenmeier
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Pulse Length ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Oil Market ◽  
External Standard ◽  
Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Toxicologically relevant levels of the psychoactive ∆9-tetrahydocannabinol (∆9-THC) as well as high levels of non-psychoactive cannabinoids potentially occur in CBD (cannabidiol) oils. For consumer protection in the fast-growing CBD oil market, facile and rapid quantitative methods to determine the cannabinoid content are crucial. However, the current standard method, i.e., liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), requires a time-consuming multistep sample preparation. In this study, a quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (qNMR) method for screening cannabinoids in CBD oils was developed. Contrary to the HPLC-MS/MS method, this qNMR features a facile sample preparation, i.e., only diluting the CBD oil in deuterochloroform. Pulse length-based concentration determination (PULCON) enables a direct quantification using an external standard. The signal intensities of the cannabinoids were enhanced during the NMR spectra acquisition by means of multiple suppression of the triglycerides which are a major component of the CBD oil matrix. The validation confirmed linearity for CBD, cannabinol (CBN), ∆9-THC and ∆8-THC in hemp seed oil with sufficient recoveries and precision for screening. Comparing the qNMR results to HPLC-MS/MS data for 46 commercial CBD oils verified the qNMR accuracy for ∆9-THC and CBD but with higher limits of detection. The developed qNMR method paves the way for increasing the sample throughput as a complementary screening before HPLC-MS/MS.

scholarly journals A Quantitative 1H NMR Method for Screening Cannabinoids in CBD Oils

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Ines Barthlott ◽  
Andreas Scharinger ◽  
Patricia Golombek ◽  
Thomas Kuballa ◽  
Dirk W. Lachenmeier
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Pulse Length ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Oil Market ◽  
External Standard ◽  
Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Toxicologically relevant levels of the psychoactive ∆9-tetrahydocannabinol (∆9-THC) as well as high levels of non-psychoactive cannabinoids potentially occur in CBD (cannabidiol) oils. For consumer protection in the fast-growing CBD oil market, facile and rapid quantitative methods to determine the cannabinoid content are crucial. However, the current standard method, i.e., liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), requires a time-consuming multistep sample preparation. In this study, a quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (qNMR) method for screening cannabinoids in CBD oils was developed. Contrary to the HPLC-MS/MS method, this qNMR features a simple sample preparation, i.e., only diluting the CBD oil in deuterochloroform. Pulse length-based concentration determination (PULCON) enables a direct quantification using an external standard. The signal intensities of the cannabinoids were enhanced during the NMR spectra acquisition by means of multiple suppression of the triglycerides which are a major component of the CBD oil matrix. The validation confirmed linearity for CBD, cannabinol (CBN), ∆9-THC and ∆8-THC in hemp seed oil with sufficient recoveries and precision for screening. Comparing the qNMR results to HPLC-MS/MS data for 46 commercial CBD oils verified the qNMR accuracy for ∆9-THC and CBD, but with higher limits of detection. The developed qNMR method paves the way for increasing the sample throughput as a complementary screening before HPLC-MS/MS.

Formation, Stability and Properties of Hemp Seed Oil Emulsions for Application in the Cosmetics Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-459
Author(s):  
Liujun Pei ◽  
Yuni Luo ◽  
Xiaomin Gu ◽  
Jiping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Oil Emulsions

Study on the Oxidation Products of Hemp Seed Oil and its Application in Cosmetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yawei Huang ◽  
Liujun Pei ◽  
Xiaomin Gu ◽  
Jiping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Hemp Seed

Emission and performance behavior of hemp seed oil biodiesel/diesel blends in DI diesel engine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Asokan ◽  
S. Senthur Prabu ◽  
Anirudh Bollu ◽  
M. Abhinay Reddy ◽  
Aditya Ram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Di Diesel Engine ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Behavior ◽  
Emission And Performance

Optimization of the Ratio of ω-6 Linoleic and ω-3 α-Linolenic Fatty Acids of Hemp Seed Oil with Jackknife and Bootstrap Resampling

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vibha Devi ◽  
Shabina Khanam
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Bootstrap Resampling ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Solvent Flow Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Runs

Abstract In the present work, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of hemp (Cannabis sativa) seed oil at various ranges of SFE parameters is performed. These parameters and respective ranges are temperature (40–80) °C, pressure (200–350) bar, solvent (CO2) flow rate (5–15) g/min, particle size (0.43–1.02) mm and amount of co-solvent (ethanol) (0–10) % of solvent flow rate. Central composite design (CCD) suggests 32 experimental runs to perform through SFE. The obtained oil is analysed through gas chromatography to identify its fatty acids concentrations. The ratio of ω-6 linoleic and ω-3 α-linolenic fatty acids (ω-6/ω-3) is optimized through CCD to obtain the desired amount of 3:1 as this ratio is highly preferred for various health benefits. Ratio of ω-6/ω-3 is obtained in the range from 2.11 to 3.06:1 for all experimental runs. The effect of SFE parameters on this ratio is investigated. Further, cross-validation is peformed on the experimental data obtained for the concentrations of both fatty acids by jackknife and bootstrap resampling to authenticate the obtained data. Small value of standard deviation (~1), less standard error of the mean (SEM) (<0.8) and less variance coefficient (<0.11) confirms the validity of the obtained data. All the estimators’ values such as standard deviation, variance coefficients and SEM are observed in 95 % of confidence intervals.

scholarly journals Supercritical Fluid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detection in the Determination of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Hemp Seed Oil and Waste Fish Oil

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Tyśkiewicz ◽  
Roman Gieysztor ◽  
Izabela Maziarczyk ◽  
Paweł Hodurek ◽  
Edward Rój ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Chromatography ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Photodiode Array Detection ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Photodiode Array ◽  
Array Detection ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

scholarly journals Effect of drying method on supercritical CO2 extraction of grape seed oil

Poljoprivreda ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Jakobović ◽  
Stela Jokić ◽  
Melita Lončarić ◽  
Snježana Jakobović ◽  
Krunoslav Aladić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Supercritical Co2 Extraction ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Grape Seed Oil

Aim of this study was to monitor the influence of drying method (naturally and chamber drying) and different sample preparation on supercritical CO2 extraction of oil from three grape seed varieties (Graševina, Zweigelt, Cabernet Sauvignon). The highest oil content was obtained from naturally dried screened and washed seeds of red variety Cabernet Sauvignon (14.85%) and lowest from chamber dried screened seeds of white variety Graševina (7.67%). Peroxide value ranged from 0.36 to 1.77 mmol O2/kg oil, free fatty acids 0.28-8.0%, and insoluble impurities 0.05-0.28%. Determined fatty acids were palmitic (6.98-11.58%), stearic (3.82-6.59%), oleic (14.90-19.97%) and linoleic acid (61.82-71.96%) in oil obtained from naturally dried seeds and 6.84-8.68%, 4.12-5.73%, 15.10-20.18% and 67.88-70.76% in oil from chamber dried seeds, respectively. In defatted cakes after supercritical CO2 extraction, protein and fibre content ranged from 8.17 to 9.85% and 34.58 to 43.96%, respectively. According to ANOVA results, sample preparation and drying method had statistically significant influence on grape seed oil extraction.

scholarly journals Sample Preparation: The Forgotten Beginning

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1774-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
BYRON BREHM-STECHER ◽  
CHARLES YOUNG ◽  
LEE-ANN JAYKUS ◽  
MARY LOU TORTORELLO
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Food Microbiology ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Functional Components

Advances in molecular technologies and automated instrumentation have provided many opportunities for improved detection and identification of microorganisms; however, the upstream sample preparation steps needed to apply these advances to foods have not been adequately researched or developed. Thus, the extent to which these advances have improved food microbiology has been limited. The purpose of this review is to present the current state of sample preparation, to identify knowledge gaps and opportunities for improvement, and to recognize the need to support greater research and development efforts on preparative methods in food microbiology. The discussion focuses on the need to push technological developments toward methods that do not rely on enrichment culture. Among the four functional components of microbiological analysis (i.e., sampling, separation, concentration, detection), the separation and concentration components need to be researched more extensively to achieve rapid, direct, and quantitative methods. The usefulness of borrowing concepts of separation and concentration from other disciplines and the need to regard the microorganism as a physicochemical analyte that may be directly extracted from the food matrix are discussed. The development of next-generation systems that holistically integrate sample preparation with rapid, automated detection will require interdisciplinary collaboration and substantially increased funding.

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