Optimization of the Ratio of ω-6 Linoleic and ω-3 α-Linolenic Fatty Acids of Hemp Seed Oil with Jackknife and Bootstrap Resampling

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vibha Devi ◽  
Shabina Khanam
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Bootstrap Resampling ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Solvent Flow Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Runs

Abstract In the present work, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of hemp (Cannabis sativa) seed oil at various ranges of SFE parameters is performed. These parameters and respective ranges are temperature (40–80) °C, pressure (200–350) bar, solvent (CO2) flow rate (5–15) g/min, particle size (0.43–1.02) mm and amount of co-solvent (ethanol) (0–10) % of solvent flow rate. Central composite design (CCD) suggests 32 experimental runs to perform through SFE. The obtained oil is analysed through gas chromatography to identify its fatty acids concentrations. The ratio of ω-6 linoleic and ω-3 α-linolenic fatty acids (ω-6/ω-3) is optimized through CCD to obtain the desired amount of 3:1 as this ratio is highly preferred for various health benefits. Ratio of ω-6/ω-3 is obtained in the range from 2.11 to 3.06:1 for all experimental runs. The effect of SFE parameters on this ratio is investigated. Further, cross-validation is peformed on the experimental data obtained for the concentrations of both fatty acids by jackknife and bootstrap resampling to authenticate the obtained data. Small value of standard deviation (~1), less standard error of the mean (SEM) (<0.8) and less variance coefficient (<0.11) confirms the validity of the obtained data. All the estimators’ values such as standard deviation, variance coefficients and SEM are observed in 95 % of confidence intervals.

scholarly journals Topical Use of Cannabis sativa L. Biochemicals

Cosmetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Léonid Mnekin ◽  
Lionel Ripoll
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Cosmetic Formulation ◽  
Allergic Contact

Cannabis sativa L. plant is currently attracting increasing interest in cosmetics and dermatology. In this review, the biologically active compounds of hemp are discussed. Particularly the complex interactions of cannabinoids with the endocannabinoid system of the skin to treat various conditions (such as acne, allergic contact dermatitis, melanoma, and psoriasis) with clinical data. Moreover, the properties of some cannabinoids make them candidates as cosmetic actives for certain skin types. Hemp seed oil and its minor bioactive compounds such as terpenes, flavonoids, carotenoids, and phytosterols are also discussed for their added value in cosmetic formulation.

Hemp seed oil can accelerate the virgin mice mature and balance sex hormones, modulates organ atrophy, and restores in ovariectomized mice through upregulates ER𝛼 and ER𝛽 expressions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Hui Wu ◽  
lin lin Wang ◽  
han bing Li ◽  
gen lin Li ◽  
chen yang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Ovariectomized Mice ◽  
Dried Fruit

Abstract BackgroundHemp seed, the dried fruit of Cannabis sativa L., has been well documented as a folk source of food due to its nutritional and functional value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the estrogen-like effect of hemp seed oil (HSO) and analyze its action on the development of ovary and uterus of mice, concentration of sex hormones, endometrial thickness, and ER𝛼 and ER𝛽 expression. MethodsIn the present work, virgin and ovariectomized kunming mice were subject to treat with HSO. Gonad morphous was detected by Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining, serum levels of E2, FSH and LH was determined used ELISA to evaluate the function of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, and ERα and ERβ immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate gonad function. ResultsThe results showed that HSO can promote the vaginal opening time of virgin mice. There was significant increase in the gonad coefficient. Moreover, the endometrial thickness, number of primary follicles, secondary follicles and mature follicles were significantly increased, the uterus and ovary were well developed, the ERα and ERβ positive cells and intensity were increased in the virgin mouse ovary. The level of serum E2 was significantly increased, and the levels of FSH and LH were decreased. HSO could obviously relieve the endocrine disorders, modulate organ atrophy, and restore ER𝛼 and ER𝛽 expression in the ovariectomized mice model. ConclusionsHemp seed oil can accelerate the virgin mice mature and balance sex hormones, modulates organ atrophy, and restores in ovariectomized mice through upregulates ER𝛼 and ER𝛽 expressions. This study demonstrated that HSO activity is mediated through estrogenic components, and provided evidence for HSO treatment for post-menopausal symptoms.

scholarly journals Plant-Based (Hemp, Pea and Rice) Protein–Maltodextrin Combinations as Wall Material for Spray-Drying Microencapsulation of Hempseed (Cannabis sativa) Oil

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1707
Author(s):  
Marcin Andrzej Kurek ◽  
Anubhav Pratap-Singh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Power Law Model ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Rice Protein ◽  
Carrier Materials

Conscious consumers have created a need for constant development of technologies and food ingredients. This study aimed to examine the properties of emulsions and spray-dried microcapsules prepared from hempseed oil by employing a combination of maltodextrin with hemp, pea, and rice protein as carrier materials. Oil content in the microcapsules was varied at two levels: 10 and 20%. Increasing oil load caused a decrease in viscosity of all samples. Consistency index of prepared emulsions was calculated according to Power Law model, with the lowest (9.2 ± 1.3 mPa·s) and highest values (68.3 ± 1.1 mPa·s) for hemp and rice protein, respectively, both at 10% oil loading. The emulsion stability ranged from 68.2 ± 0.7% to 88.1 ± 0.9%. Color characteristics of the microcapsules were defined by high L* values (from 74.65 ± 0.03 to 83.06 ± 0.03) and low a* values (−1.02 ± 0.015 to 0.12 ± 0.005), suggesting that the materials were able to coat the greenish color of the hemp seed oil acceptably. The highest encapsulation efficiency was observed in samples with rice protein, while the lowest was with hemp protein. Combination of maltodextrin and proteins had a preventive effect on the oxidative stability of hempseed oil. Oil release profile fitted well with the Higuchi model, with hempseed oil microencapsulated with pea protein–maltodextrin combination at 10% oil loading depicting lowest oil release rates and best oxidative stability.

scholarly journals The Effect of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Seeds and Hemp Seed Oil on Vascular Dysfunction in Obese Male Zucker Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2575
Author(s):  
Michał Majewski ◽  
Adam Jurgoński
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Obese Male

Seeds of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) contain a large amount of protein (26.3%), dietary fiber (27.5%), and fatty acids (33.2%), including linoleic, α-linolenic, and some amount of γ-linolenic acid. In our study, obese male Zucker rats (n = 6) at 8 weeks of age were supplemented for a further 4 weeks with either ground hemp seeds (12% diet) or lipid fractions in the form of hemp seed oil (4% diet). Hemp oil decreased blood plasma HDL-cholesterol (x0.76, p ≤ 0.0001), triglycerides (x0.55, p = 0.01), and calculated atherogenic parameters. Meanwhile, hemp seeds decreased HDL-cholesterol (x0.71, p ≤ 0.0001) and total cholesterol (x0.81, p = 0.006) but not the atherogenic index. The plasma antioxidant capacity of water-soluble compounds was decreased by the seeds (x0.30, p = 0.0015), which in turn was associated with a decrease in plasma uric acid (x0.18, p = 0.03). Dietary hemp seeds also decreased plasma urea (x0.80, p = 0.02), while the oil decreased the plasma total protein (x0.90, p = 0.05). Hemp seeds and the oil decreased lipid peroxidation in the blood plasma and in the heart (reflected as malondialdehyde content), improved contraction to noradrenaline, and up-regulated the sensitivity of potassium channels dependent on ATP and Ca2+. Meanwhile, acetylcholine-induced vasodilation was improved by hemp seeds exclusively. Dietary supplementation with ground hemp seeds was much more beneficial than the oil, which suggests that the lipid fractions are only partially responsible for this effect.

scholarly journals Human Milk Fat Substitutes from Lard and Hemp Seed Oil Mixtures

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7014
Author(s):  
Joanna Bryś ◽  
Agata Górska ◽  
Ewa Ostrowska-Ligęza ◽  
Magdalena Wirkowska-Wojdyła ◽  
Andrzej Bryś ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Hemp Seed

This paper discusses our attempt to generate substitutes for human breast milk fat through the interesterification of mixtures composed of lard and hemp (Cannabis sativa) seed oil. The interesterification was run at 60 °C for 2, 4, and 6 h in the presence of Lipozyme RM IM preparation containing a lipase specific for the cleavage of sn-1,3 ester bonds in triacylglycerol molecules. The interesterification products were analyzed regarding their fatty acid composition and distribution in triacylglycerol molecules. In order to assess the quality of the generated substitutes, in the interesterification products the following were determined: acid value, peroxide number, and oxidative stability. The collected data were statistically processed using Tukey’s test. Following the interesterification, the fats revealed an elevated percentage of free fatty acids and primary oxidation products and reduced oxidative stability compared to those of lard. The last of the above-mentioned phenomena could have been due to the incorporation of polyenic fatty acids into the external positions of triacyclglycerols of lard. The interesterification of lard and hemp seed oil allows scientists to acquire substitutes rich in essential fatty acids and similar to human breast milk fat with respect to the distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerol molecules.

scholarly journals Agroecological conditions of industrial hemp production in the western Pannonian agricultural subregion and fatty acids composition of hemp seed oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 809-822
Author(s):  
Mario Sraka ◽  
Dubravka Škevin ◽  
Marko Obranović ◽  
Jasminka Butorac ◽  
Ivan Magdić
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Industrial Hemp

scholarly journals An ideal fatty acid composition for human health: Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-194
Author(s):  
Ezgi Aytaç ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Hemp Seed

The objective of this study was to show and crosscheck the seed yield and oil composition of three different seeds growing in different regions of Turkey. Extraction with n-hexane solvent indicated that there were differences in terms of oil yield between the regions. The average oil yield was 33.8% and 33.0% seed-I, 35.7% seed-II (Region-a) and 32.6% seed-III (Region-b) oil yields were obtained. The highest fatty acid content of hemp was found as: linoleic acid (average 55.24%) followed by oleic acid (average 17.20%) and α-linolenic acid (average 16.02%). Crude ash, total dry matter and crude protein analyzes were also performed. It was observed that the hemp seed oil yield was dependent on the extraction whereas extraction had no influence on the fatty acid content. Comparison of the seed oil yield with the other studies indicated that geographical region as well as the extraction method may affect the seed oil yield.

Titrimetric Determination of Nonesterified Fatty Acids in Intravenous Fat Emulsions

1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 976-978
Author(s):  
Terry D Cyr ◽  
Robert C Lawrence ◽  
Edward G Lovering
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Fat Emulsion ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Emulsifying Agent ◽  
Titrimetric Determination ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intravenous Fat Emulsions

Abstract A titrimetric method, suitable for use at a limit of 5 mEq/L, has been developed for the determination of total noncsterified fatty acids in intravenous fat emulsion preparations. The method differentiates titrant consumed by the nonesterified fatty acids from that consumed by egg yolk phospholipids, usually present as an emulsifying agent. The total nonesterified fatty acids in 8 products from 4 manufacturers were in the range from 0.4 to 3.8 mEq/L. The mean standard deviation of the method is 0.09 mEq/L.

scholarly journals Cannabidiol Content and In Vitro Biological Activities of Commercial Cannabidiol Oils and Hemp Seed Oils

Medicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Masashi Kitamura ◽  
Yuka Kiba ◽  
Ryuichiro Suzuki ◽  
Natsumi Tomida ◽  
Akemi Uwaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Industrial Hemp

Background: Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed contains high contents of various nutrients, including fatty acids and proteins. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive compound that can be extracted from C. sativa and used for treating epilepsy and pain. Industrial hemp products, including CBD and hemp seed oils, have become increasingly popular. Some products are marketed without a clear distinction between CBD and hemp seed oils. Herein, the CBD content and biological activities of commercial CBD and hemp seed oils were examined. Methods: CBD content was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. For in vitro antioxidant activity determination, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical-scavenging assays were performed. Results: The CBD concentrations in the two CBD oil samples were 18.9 ± 0.5 and 9.2 ± 0.4 mg/mL. Of the seven hemp seed oil samples, six samples contained CBD in concentrations ranging from 2.0 ± 0.1 to 20.5 ± 0.5 µg/mL, but it was not detected in one sample. Antioxidant activity was observed in both CBD oil samples. Conclusions: The results indicate that (1) CBD content varied by hemp seed oil sample and that (2) antioxidant activity could be a useful landmark for discriminating CBD oils from hemp seed oils.

Influence of increasing seed oil content on the fatty acid profile of hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Z. Finta-Korpeľová
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Total Oil

This paper reports changes in the fatty acid profiles of the hemp seed oil of two breeding populations, Kolaj and Fibrol, after five and seven years of selection for high oil content. While the original variety Kompolti had a 3:1 ratio of linoleic acid to linolenic acid, which has been claimed to be optimal for human nutrition, the selected population of Kolaj (improved Kompolti) shows a ratio close to 4:1.The highest ratio of increase (r.i.) was 1.45, determined for γ-linolenic acid in Fibrol (improved Fibrimon 21-63). Another significant change was the 0.49% (r.i. 1.21) increase in stearic acid in this variety, along with a 3.16% (r.i. 1.1) increase in total oil content. In Kolaj the 5.87% (r.i. 1.2) increase in oil content was accompanied by a 1.76 % (r.i. −1.28) decrease in palmitic acid and by decreases of 2.98% and 0.18% (r.i. −1.15 and −1.16), respectively, in the α- and γ-linolenic acid contents.

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