scholarly journals A Comprehensive Biological and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Humic and Fulvic Acids Nanoparticles as a Perspective Drug

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena V. Valer'evna Uspenskaya ◽  
Tatiana Vadimovna Pleteneva ◽  
Tatiana Vladimirovna Grebennikova ◽  
Ilaha Vagifovna Kazimova ◽  
Irina Timofeevna Fedyakina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acids ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Biological Study ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physico Chemical

This work presents the results of a comprehensive physico-chemical and biological study of hu-mic substances samples – an extract of humic and fulvic acids. The performed loss on drying test showed a 22 times different dry matter content between EHS and FA. The morphology and dis-tribution of particles in the dry residue of the samples assessed using the methods of optical and digital microscopy demonstrated differences in the qualitative features of the microstructures of their surfaces and granulometries. Shimadzu X-ray fluorescence spectrometry revealed Si (8.1 and 1.7%), P (33.5 and 2.7%), S (4.3 and 59.5%), K (1.35 and 2.5%), Ca (10.9 and 3.2%), Mn (0.27 and 0.06%), Fe (11 and 0.05%), Cu (0.16 and 0.45%), Zn (0.06 and 0.02%) in the dry residues of the EHS and FA samples, respectively. A high intensity of the X-ray fluorescence signal for Fe atoms in the EHS sample was demonstrated. The FT-IR spectra for EHS and FA are characterized by simi-lar vibration frequencies that are characteristic of the chromone derivatives (1-benzopyran-4-one). The UV absorption spectrum is characterized by max = 281 nm for FA. The EHS solution showed a fluorescence maximum at em = 560 nm at ex = 280 nm. Using the DLS method, nanoparticles of 1 nm and 200 nm were detected in EHS and FA diluted solutions, which are likely to condition the biochemical and physical properties of humic acids. Using the Spiro-tox-test method, the absence of the toxic effect of humic acids on the cell model of ciliates Sp. am-bigua was established. When the cell model was incubated in a solution of a toxicant of the fluo-roquinolone group, a decrease in toxicity was demonstrated when diluted with the EHS solu-tion. The results of the study of the antiviral activity of EHS and FA showed that the study ob-jects in the culture of Vero-E6 cells, in doses non-toxic to cells, suppress the reproduction of the SARS-CoV-2 virus both in the study of the virucidal effect and in the study of the antiviral activ-ity according to the therapeutic and prophylactic model scheme of injection. The results obtained suggest that standardized drugs based on humic acids may open up new perspectives in their biomedical application as antiviral drugs.

Influence of humus acids on mobility and biological availability of iron, zinc and copper

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
A. Fateev ◽  
D. Semenov ◽  
K. Smirnova ◽  
A. Shemet
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Cultivation Medium ◽  
Mobile Forms

Soil organic matter is known as an important condition for the mobility of trace elements in soils, their geo- chemical migration and availability to plants. However, various components of soil organic matter have differ- ent effect on these processes due to their signifi cant differences in structure and properties. Aim. To establish the role of humic and fulvic acids in the process of formation of microelement mobility in soils and their accu- mulation in plants. Methods. A model experiment with sand culture was used to investigate the release of trace elements from preparations of humic and fulvic acids and their uptake by oat plants. Results. It was found that among biologically needed elements humic acids are enriched with iron, fulvic acids – with zinc, and copper distribution between these two groups of substances may be characterized as even. These elements have un- equal binding power with components of soil organic matter, as evidenced by their release into the cultivation medium and accumulation in plants. In the composition of fulvic acids zink has the most mobility – up to 95 % of this element is in the form, accessible for plants; the lowest mobility was demonstrated by copper in the composition with humic acids, for which no signifi cant changes in the concentration of mobile forms in the substrate and in the introduction to the test culture were registered. Despite signifi cantly higher iron content in humic acids, the application of fulvic acids in the cultivation medium provides a greater increase in the con- centration of mobile forms of this element. Conclusions. The results confi rm the important role of organic sub- stances of fulvic nature in the formation of zinc and iron mobility in the soil and their accumulation in plants.

scholarly journals Biochar changes in soil based on quantitative and qualitative humus compounds parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek ◽  
Krzysztof Gondek ◽  
Michał Kopeć ◽  
Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Humic Acid Carbon

Abstract Due to the indisputable significance of humus in many biochemical processes as well as its increasing deficit particularly in light soils, alternative sources of substrates for the reproduction of this constituent should be sought. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of wheat straw and wheat straw biochar (in four rates) on quantitative and qualitative humus parameters. The following properties were determined in soil: pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, humic and fulvic acids, carbon in the extract, non-hydrolysing carbon and spectrophotometric indexes for solution of humic acids including A2/6, A2/4, A4/6. After applying 1% and 2% additions of biochar to the soil, the Corg soil content significantly increased compared to the same doses of thermally unconverted straw. After 254 days of incubation, the addition of biochar to soil at higher doses, decreased the share of humic acid carbon (CHA, CFA) in the Corg content compared to treatments without organic additions and WS treatment. The nonhydrolysing carbon soil content was significantly increased by treatments with 1% and 2% additions of WSB, which indicates greater stabilisation of humus compounds and, at the same time, lower CO2 emission. Soil humic acids amended by treatment with biochar, especially at 1% and 2% doses, were characterised by lower A2/6 and A2/4 ratios. Recognition of changes that may occur in the quantitative and qualitative composition of soil humus after the application of biochar may in the future be helpful information for determining appropriate biochar dose.

PERMANGANATE OXIDATION OF HUMIC ACIDS, FULVIC ACIDS, AND HUMINS EXTRACTED FROM Ah HORIZONS OF A BLACK CHERNOZEM, A BLACK SOLOD, AND A BLACK SOLONETZ SOIL

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. U. KHAN ◽  
M. SCHNITZER
Keyword(s):  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Different Soils ◽  
Solonetz Soil

Humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin fractions extracted from a Black Chernozem, a Black Solod, and a Black Solonetz soil were methylated with diazomethane and oxidized with permanganate solution. The oxidation products were extracted into ethyl acetate, separated by preparative gas chromatography, and identified by comparing their mass and micro-IR spectra with those of authentic specimens. Total yields of oxidation products followed the order humic acids > humins > fulvic acids. The products resulting from the oxidation of humic and fulvic acids averaged 63% benzenecarboxylic, 32% phenolic, and 5% aliphatic carboxylic acids. The oxidation products from humins averaged 76% benzenecarboxylic but only 20% phenolic and 4% aliphatic carboxylic acids, indicating some differences in the chemical structure of humins from those of humic and fulvic acids. The most prominent compounds produced by the oxidation of the humic acids were hydroxy benzenepentacarboxylic and benzenetetracarboxylic acids. In general, differences in the distribution of the major oxidation products between the three major fractions were greater than those within individual humic fractions. Thus, the chemical structures of humic acids extracted from three different soils appeared to be more similar to each other than to those of fulvic acid and humin fractions from the same soil. The same was true for fulvic acids and humins extracted from the different soils. Between 79 and 95% of the oxidation products were identified. The oxidation products may have originated from (a) condensed lignin structures, (b) complex structures of microbiological origin, and/or (c) polymeric structures consisting of benzenecarboxylic and phenolic acids held together by hydrogen-bonding.

Variation of Δ14C and δ13C Values of Dissolved Humic and Fulvic Acids in the Tokachi River System in Northern Japan

Radiocarbon ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 1007-1016
Author(s):  
Seiya Nagao ◽  
Takafumi Aramaki ◽  
Nobuhide Fujitake ◽  
Hiroki Kodama ◽  
Takayuki Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acids ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
River System ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
River Waters ◽  
C Nmr ◽  
Northern Japan

Characteristics of dissolved humic and fulvic acids in river waters were studied during 2003–2005 at 4 sites located in the headwaters and in the upper and lower Tokachi River, including a lowland tributary site. Fulvic acids from the headwaters to downstream areas have similar elemental composition and 13C-NMR spectra. Humic acids have similar characteristics in the Tokachi River system. In contrast, δ13C and Δ14C values exhibit a decreasing trend from the upper to the lower and tributary sites, although the headwater site has heavier δ13C and lower Δ14C values than the upper site. Fulvic acids had similar δ13C values from the upper to lower sites, but 123′ higher in Δ14C than those of humic acids on average. The δ13C and Δ14C values exhibited differences in downward variation for humic and fulvic acids. In the Tokachi River system, these results suggest that differences in transport pathways and residence times of humic and fulvic acids reflect differences in the δ13C and Δ14C values in a single river basin.

scholarly journals Transformations of phenolic compounds in meadow soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ziolkowska ◽  
Bozena Debska ◽  
Magdalena Banach-Szott
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids

Abstract The aim of the research has been to determine the role of phenolic compounds in the processes of transformations of organic matter in meadow soils, leading to the formation of humic substances. The research has been performed based on the plant material and soil sampled from Europe’s unique complex of permanent grasslands irrigated continuously for 150 years applying the slope-and-flooding system, the Czerskie Meadows. Phenolic compounds were isolated from the plant material samples (hay, sward and roots) and soils (horizon A, AE and Bsv) and from the fraction of humic and fulvic acids. It was found that the contents of phenolic compounds decrease in the following order: hay > sward > roots > A horizon soil > AE horizon soil > Bsv horizon soil > A horizon fulvic acids > AE horizon fulvic acids > Bsv horizon fulvic acids > A horizon fulvic acids > AE horizon fulvic acids > Bsv horizon fulvic acids. A significantly higher share of cinnamyl than vanillyl and syringyl compounds in the extracts of fulvic acids and slightly higher in the hydrolysates of humic acids confirms the effect of the chemical composition of the plant material undergoing decomposition on the properties of the emerging humic substances.

scholarly journals Heavy metal distribution between fractions of humic substances in heavily polluted soils

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Borůvka ◽  
O. Drábek
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Traditional Procedure ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Organic Fractions ◽  
Potential Mobility

Soil organic matter is important in controlling heavy metal behaviour in soils. This study aims to determine the distribution of organically bound Cd, Pb, and Zn between humic and fulvic acids in 20 samples of heavily polluted Fluvisols. Traditional procedure of alkaline sodium hydroxide/pyrophosphate extraction of humic substances with consequent humic acids precipitation by acidification was used. All of the three metals were bound predominantly on fulvic acids (mean share was 98.4, 82.0, and 95.7% of total organically bound Cd, Pb, and Zn content, respectively). Mainly the level of pollution controlled the amount of metals bound on fulvic acids. On humic acids, a limited amount of specific sorption sites for the metals is expected. Lead content bound on humic acids was negatively correlated with soil pH. The results suggest relatively high potential mobility of organic fractions of heavy metals in soils under this study. The selectivity of alkaline extracting agent is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Humic acid from Shilajit: A physico-chemical and spectroscopic characterization

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suraj Agarwal ◽  
Khalid Anwer ◽  
Rajesh Khanna ◽  
Asgar Ali ◽  
Yasmin Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Surfactant Properties ◽  
Dsc Studies ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Different Origins

Shilajit is a blackish-brown exudation, consisting of organic substances, metal ions and minerals, from different formations, commonly found in the Himalayan region (1000-3000 m) from Nepal to Kashmir. Shilajit can also be collected throughout the mountain regions in Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Ural, Baikal, Sayalcacasus and Atlai at altitudes between 1000 to 5000 m. The major physiological action of shilajit has been attributed to the presence of bioactive dibenzo-?-pyrones together with humic and fulvic acids, which act as carrier molecules for the active ingredients. In this work, the aim was to extract humic acid from Shilajit from various sources and characterised these humic acids based on their physico-chemical properties, elemental analysis, UV/Vis and FTIR spectra, X-ray diffraction pattern and DSC thermograms. The spectral features obtained from UV/Vis, FTIR, XRD and DSC studies for samples of different origins showed a distinct similarity amongst themselves and in comparison to soil humic acids. The surfactant properties of the extracted fulvic acids were investigated by determining the effect of increasing concentration on the surface tension of water. The study demonstrated that humic acids extracted from shilajit indeed possessed surfactant properties.

Evaluation of the Properties of Humus Liquid of Earthworm Eisenia Foetida Obtained from Different Rachis

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro Remigio Gaibor Fernández ◽  
Abraham Adalberto Bayas Zamora ◽  
Galo Israel Muñoz Sánchez ◽  
Cristhian Adrián Rivas Santacruz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Eisenia Foetida ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
A Value ◽  
The One ◽  
Liquid Slurry

The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the physical characteristics of the vermicompost and the quality of the purine of the red Californian (Eisenia foetida) using different substrates of feed for these worms. For this purpose, nine treatments were studied: 75% African palm rachis + 25% cattle manure, 50% African palm rachis + 50% cattle manure, 25% African palm rachis + 75% livestock manure, 50% manure of cattle, 50% of manure of cattle, 25% of manure of cattle, 50% of manure of cattle, 50% of manure of cattle, 50% of rach of coconut + 50% of manure of Livestock, 25% coccus rachis + 75% livestock manure. The substrate made up of 50% of rachis of coconut and 50% of livestock manure can be used in nurseries or nurseries for being the one that registered a value of pH 7.3 plus the closest to the neutral compared to the others, besides this (75% of oil palm rachis and 25% of cattle manure) showed a higher content of humic and fulvic acids (0.87 and 0.45 p / p, respectively), compounds that are important for agriculture by stimulating plant growth, in addition to this reflection 0.06% sulfur content, 4.0 ppm boron, 7.0 ppm copper, 47.5 ppm iron, 6.0 ppm manganese, with a presence of microorganisms of the species Trichoderma, Penicillium, Cladosporium sp. in amounts of 1.91x105 UFC / ml, however in this substrate was obtained between 13.3 and 43.5% less liquid slurry in Comparison with other treatments.

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