scholarly journals MTHFD1 1958 G>A Genetic Polymorphism (rs2236225) Dichotomy in Schizophrenia: Lower Manifestation Risks, but More Severe Negative Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Zhilyaeva ◽  
Oksana Chekanina ◽  
Grigory Rukavishnikov ◽  
Anna Blagonravova ◽  
Galina Elevna Mazo
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Folate Metabolism ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Extrapyramidal Side Effects ◽  
Serum Folate Level ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism

Despite a large amount of data on the association of folate metabolism disturbances with different aspects of schizophrenia, the role of the MTHFD1 1958 G>A polymorphism in this disorder is barely studied. The aim of this study was to assess the distribution of alleles and genotypes frequencies of MTHFD1 1958 G>A in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls and to study the association of allele/genotype carriage of this SNP with biochemical markers of one-carbon metabolism and with the severity of schizophrenia symptoms. Methods: In 57 patients with schizophrenia and 37 healthy volunteers the carriage of alleles/genotypes of the MTHFD1 1958 G>A and biochemical markers of folate metabolism disturbances were evaluated. Clinical symptoms of schizophrenia and the severity of extrapyramidal side effects of therapy were assessed in patients. Results: an association of the wild GG genotype with schizophrenia was shown (GG versus AG / AA: χ2 = 7.31; p = 0.007). The serum folate level in carriers of the wild genotype GG is lower (in all participants p = 0.024, in patients p = 0.10), and the level of cobalamin in this subgroup is higher (in all participants p = 0.047, in patients p = 0.091) than in carriers of other genotypes. Patients carrying the G allele had less severe negative symptoms (p = 0.0041) and extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotics (p = 0.054), than patients with AA genotype. The age of psychosis manifestation is the later, the more wild alleles G are present in the genotype (p = 0.00195).

Receptor mechanisms of antipsychotic drug atypicality

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (S1) ◽  
pp. 5s-8s
Author(s):  
GP Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Extrapyramidal Side Effects ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Pharmacological Profile ◽  
New Compounds

SummaryRecent advances in antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia have offered several new compounds which avoid many of the limitations of the classical antipsychotics. These so-called ‘atypical’ antipsychotics have fewer extrapyramidal side effects, greater efficacy against negative symptoms and greater efficacy in otherwise treatment-resistant patients. However, the mechanism of action of these atypical antipsychotics is still unclear. The several receptors currently implicated in the pharmacological profile of these atypical antipsychotics include subtypes of those for dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline, and acetylcholine among others. The current hypotheses for possible mechanisms of action of atypical antipsychotics are discussed along with the experimental correlates of antipsychotic efficacy in animal models.

Aspects of dysphoria and symptoms of schizophrenia

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1433-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. G. NORMAN ◽  
A. K. MALLA ◽  
L. CORTESE ◽  
F. DIAZ
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Extrapyramidal Side Effects ◽  
Psychomotor Slowing ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Observer Ratings ◽  
Reality Distortion

Background. In the past it has been postulated that dysphoric emotions may be related to positive and/or negative symptoms in schizophrenia. The results of several recent studies have suggested that composite dysphoria indices are more strongly related to positive than negative symptoms. In the current study we use part correlation techniques to examine the possible unique contributions of two aspects of dysphoria – depression and anxiety – to three syndromes of symptoms (reality distortion, disorganization and psychomotor poverty) within schizophrenia.Methods. Data were obtained from 60 patients with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of schizophrenia. Symptoms of schizophrenia were assessed using the SAPS and SANS and dysphoria was assessed using both self-report (BDI and BAI) and observer ratings (HRSD and HARS). Assessment of schizophrenia symptoms and ratings of depression and anxiety were completed by different observers. In addition, drug induced extrapyramidal side effects were rated.Results. Part correlations showed that unique aspects of anxiety (particularly physiological arousal) were correlated with reality distortion while unique aspects of depression (including psychomotor slowing and loss of social interest) were related to psychomotor poverty. At least part of the latter relationship may be due to extrapyramidal side effects of neuroleptic medication.Conclusions. Although there is considerable overlap between anxiety and depression, it appears that the unique arousing or activating aspects of anxiety are related to the experience of reality distortion symptoms in schizophrenia and the unique slowing and withdrawal aspects of depression are particularly related to psychomotor poverty. Possible reasons for these relationships are discussed.

Effect of integrated yoga on anti-psychotic induced side effects and cognitive functions in patients suffering from schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghnath Verma ◽  
Hemant Bhargav ◽  
Shivarama Varambally ◽  
Nagarathna Raghuram ◽  
Gangadhar BN
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Anti Psychotic ◽  
Drug Induced

Abstract Background Twenty one (12 females) subjects, diagnosed with schizophrenia by a psychiatrist using ICD-10, in the ages 52.87 + 9.5 years and suffering since 24.0 ± 3.05 years were recruited into the study from a schizophrenia rehabilitation center in Bengaluru. Methods All subjects were taking anti-psychotic medications and were in stable state for more than a month. Psychiatric medications were kept constant during the study period. Assessments were done at three points of time: (1) baseline, (2) after one month of usual routine (pre) and (3) after five months of validated Integrated Yoga (IY) intervention (post). Validated 1 h Yoga module (consisting of asanas, pranayama, relaxation techniques and chantings) was practiced for 5 months, five sessions per week. Antipsychotic-induced side effects were assessed using Simpson Angus Scale (SAS) and Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser (UKU) side effect rating scale. Cognitive functions (using Trail making Test A and B), clinical symptoms and anthropometry were assessed as secondary variables. Comparisons between “pre” and “post” data was done using paired samples t-tests after subtracting baseline scores from them respectively. Results At the end of five months, significant reduction in drug-induced Parkinsonian symptoms (SAS score; p=0.001) and 38 items of UKU scale was observed along with significant improvement in processing speed, executive functions and negative symptoms of schizophrenia patients. No side effects of Yoga were reported. Conclusions The present study provides preliminary evidence for usefulness of Integrated Yoga intervention in managing anti-psychotic-induced side effects.

scholarly journals Acute effects of treatment for prodromal symptoms for people putatively in a late initial prodromal state of psychosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 191 (S51) ◽  
pp. s88-s95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Ruhrmann ◽  
Andreas Bechdolf ◽  
Kai-Uwe Kühn ◽  
Michael Wagner ◽  
Frauke Schultze-Lutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Extrapyramidal Side Effects ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Prodromal Symptoms ◽  
Symptomatic Benefit

BackgroundPeople in a putatively late prodromal state not only have an enhanced risk for psychosis but already suffer from mental and functional disturbancesAimsTo evaluate the acute effects of a combined supportive and antipsychotic treatment on prodromal symptomsMethodPutatively prodromal individuals were randomly assigned to a needs-focused intervention without (n=59) or with amisulpride (n=65). Outcome measures at 12-weeks effects were prodromal symptoms, global functioning and extrapyramidal side-effectsResultsAmisulpride plus the needs-focused intervention produced superior effects on attenuated and full-blown psychotic symptoms, basic, depressive and negative symptoms, and global functioning. Main side-effects were prolactin associatedConclusionsCoadministration of amisulpride yielded a marked symptomatic benefit. Effects require confirmation by a placebo-controlled study

Dysphoric subjective response to neuroleptics in schizophrenia: relationship to extrapyramidal side effects and symptomatology

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gervin ◽  
S. Browne ◽  
J. Garavan ◽  
M. Roe ◽  
C. Larkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Extrapyramidal Side Effects ◽  
Rehabilitation Centre ◽  
Deficit Syndrome ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Attitude Inventory ◽  
Drug Attitude Inventory

SummaryObjective:Subjective reports of dysphoric responses to neuroleptic medication are common in clinical practice. However, cognitive and affective side effects of neuroleptic medications are difficult to differentiate from the symptoms of schizophrenia. We sought to elucidate the relative contribution of extrapyramidal side effects and symptomatology to dysphoric response.Method:Fifty clinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia attending a rehabilitation centre were assessed for extrapyramidal side effects and symptomatology before completing the drug attitude inventory (DAI).Results:Presence of extrapyramidal side effects, found in 28 patients (Z = −1.99, p = 0.05), and severity of negative symptoms (r = −0.47, p = 0.001) were independently associated with dysphoric response, explaining a significant proportion of the variance (R = 0.53, R2 = 25.2%, F = 9.27, df = 2, p = 0.0004).Conclusions:Patients who report a dysphoric response which they associate with neuroleptic medications have more extrapyramidal side effects and more severe negative symptoms. While these responses may be part of the negative symptoms of the illness or due to other factors such as depression, we raise the possibility that they may be clinically indistinguishable from, and be a subjective measure of, the so-called ‘neuroleptic-induced deficit syndrome’.

scholarly journals Clozapine-induced intestinal obstruction - a critical examination of four cases

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
C Seller ◽  
L Koen ◽  
D J H Niehaus
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Extrapyramidal Side Effects ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotic Drug ◽  
Superior Efficacy ◽  
Added Benefit ◽  
Treatment Refractory ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug indicated for the management of severely ill patients with schizophrenia who fail to respond adequately to standard antipsychotic treatment. It has demonstrated superior efficacy in treating both the positive and negative symptoms in treatment-refractory cases. It also has the added benefit of causing minimal extrapyramidal side- effects, producing no tardive dyskinesia and having little effect on prolactin levels

Recent antipsychotics in the treatment of psychoses

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
M.J.A.J.M. Hoes
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Extrapyramidal Side Effects ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
High Doses

SummaryAntipsychotic drugs are effective in psychoses, whatever the etiology of the disorder. The positive symptoms tend to respond more readily. The need for developing new drugs arises from the refractoriness of the negative symptoms, the 10-25% of the patients that are treatment-resistant and the problems of short-, and long-term extrapyramidal side-effects. Thus far, six drugs, differing from the classical antipsychotics, have been licensedfor use: olanzepine, risperidone and quetiapine; the longest registration exists for sulpiride and clozapine while the most recent one is for amisulpride. This review starts with a brief introduction to symptomatology, and takes differences with the classical drugs in pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical aspects and side-effects into consideration. Clozapine, risperidone and sulpiride may be considered for clinical use in refractory patients; these three, olanzapine and amisulpride when extrapyramidal side-effects cause a clinical problem. Amisulpride and sulpiride have a dual therapeutic acion: On negative symptoms at low dose, on positive symptomen at high doses.

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