scholarly journals Highly Adaptive Phenuiviridae with Great Biomedical Importance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Ming Chen ◽  
Ming-Hui Sun ◽  
Yu-Fei Ji ◽  
Guo-Hui Li ◽  
Rui-Xu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
And Control ◽  
Research Hotspots

The newly established virus family Phenuiviridae in Bunyavirales harbors viruses infecting three kingdoms of host organisms (animals, plants, and fungi), which is rare in known virus families. Many phenuiviruses are arboviruses and replicate in two distinct hosts (e.g., insects and humans or rice). Multiple phenuiviruses, such as Dabie bandavirus, Rift Valley fever phlebovirus, and Rice stripe tenuivirus, are highly pathogenic to humans, animals, or plants. They impose heavy global burdens on human health, livestock industry, and agriculture and are research hotspots. In recent years the taxonomy of Phenuiviridae has been expanded greatly, and researches on phenuiviruses have made significant progress. With these advances, this review drew a novel panorama regarding the biomedical significance, distribution, morphology, genomics, taxonomy, evolution, replication, transmission, pathogenesis, and control of phenuiviruses, to aid researchers in various fields to recognize this highly adaptive and very important virus family.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Organization of Rift Valley Fever Virus Revealed by Cryoelectron Tomography

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (21) ◽  
pp. 10341-10348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Freiberg ◽  
Michael B. Sherman ◽  
Marc C. Morais ◽  
Michael R. Holbrook ◽  
Stanley J. Watowich
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Icosahedral Symmetry ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Virus Surface

ABSTRACT Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a member of the Bunyaviridae virus family (genus Phlebovirus) and is considered to be one of the most important pathogens in Africa, causing viral zoonoses in livestock and humans. Here, we report the characterization of the three-dimensional structural organization of RVFV vaccine strain MP-12 by cryoelectron tomography. Vitrified-hydrated virions were found to be spherical, with an average diameter of 100 nm. The virus glycoproteins formed cylindrical hollow spikes that clustered into distinct capsomeres. In contrast to previous assertions that RVFV is pleomorphic, the structure of RVFV MP-12 was found to be highly ordered. The three-dimensional map was resolved to a resolution of 6.1 nm, and capsomeres were observed to be arranged on the virus surface in an icosahedral lattice with clear T=12 quasisymmetry. All icosahedral symmetry axes were visible in self-rotation functions calculated using the Fourier transform of the RVFV MP-12 tomogram. To the best of our knowledge, a triangulation number of 12 had previously been reported only for Uukuniemi virus, a bunyavirus also within the Phlebovirus genus. The results presented in this study demonstrate that RVFV MP-12 possesses T=12 icosahedral symmetry and suggest that other members of the Phlebovirus genus, as well as of the Bunyaviridae family, may adopt icosahedral symmetry. Knowledge of the virus architecture may provide a structural template to develop vaccines and diagnostics, since no effective anti-RVFV treatments are available for human use.

Understanding Rift Valley fever: Contributions of animal models to disease characterization and control

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gema Lorenzo ◽  
Elena López-Gil ◽  
George M. Warimwe ◽  
Alejandro Brun
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
And Control

Rift Valley Fever Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Control: What Have Models Contributed?

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 761-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaëlle Métras ◽  
Lisa M. Collins ◽  
Richard G. White ◽  
Silvia Alonso ◽  
Véronique Chevalier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Rift Valley fever - a threat for Europe?

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Chevalier ◽  
M Pépin ◽  
L Plée ◽  
R Lancelot
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Eastern And Southern Africa ◽  
And Control

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a severe mosquito-borne disease affecting humans and domestic ruminants, caused by a Phlebovirus (Bunyaviridae). It is widespread in Africa and has recently spread to Yemen and Saudi Arabia. RVF epidemics are more and more frequent in Africa and the Middle East, probably in relation with climatic changes (episodes of heavy rainfall in eastern and southern Africa), as well as intensified livestock trade. The probability of introduction and large-scale spread of RVF in Europe is very low, but localised RVF outbreaks may occur in humid areas with a large population of ruminants. Should this happen, human cases would probably occur in exposed individuals: farmers, veterinarians, slaughterhouse employees etc. Surveillance and diagnostic methods are available, but control tools are limited: vector control is difficult to implement, and vaccines are only available for ruminants, with either a limited efficacy (inactivated vaccines) or a residual pathogenic effect. The best strategy to protect Europe and the rest of the world against RVF is to develop more efficient surveillance and control tools and to implement coordinated regional monitoring and control programmes.

scholarly journals The One Health Approach is Necessary for the Control of Rift Valley Fever Infections in Egypt: A Comprehensive Review

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Fawzy ◽  
Yosra A. Helmy
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
One Health ◽  
Economic Stress ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an emerging transboundary, mosquito-borne, zoonotic viral disease caused high morbidity and mortality in both human and ruminant populations. It is considered an important threat to both agriculture and public health in African and the Middle Eastern countries including Egypt. Five major RVF epidemics have been reported in Egypt (1977, 1993, 1994, 1997, and 2003). The virus is transmitted in Egypt by different mosquito's genera such as Aedes, Culex, Anopheles, and Mansonia, leading to abortions in susceptible animal hosts especially sheep, goat, cattle, and buffaloes. Recurrent RVF outbreaks in Egypt have been attributed in part to the lack of routine surveillance for the virus. These periodic epizootics have resulted in severe economic losses. We posit that there is a critical need for new approaches to RVF control that will prevent or at least reduce future morbidity and economic stress. One Health is an integrated approach for the understanding and management of animal, human, and environmental determinants of complex problems such as RVF. Employing the One Health approach, one might engage local communities in surveillance and control of RVF efforts, rather than continuing their current status as passive victims of the periodic RVF incursions. This review focuses upon endemic and epidemic status of RVF in Egypt, the virus vectors and their ecology, transmission dynamics, risk factors, and the ecology of the RVF at the animal/human interface, prevention, and control measures, and the use of environmental and climate data in surveillance systems to predict disease outbreaks.

scholarly journals Present and Future Ecological Niche Modeling of Rift Valley fever in East Africa in Response to Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Muema ◽  
Boniface K. Ngarega ◽  
Elishiba Muturi ◽  
Hongping Wei ◽  
Hang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Ecological Niche Modeling ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Maxent Model ◽  
And Control

Rift Valley fever (RVF) has been linked with recurrent outbreaks among humans and livestock in several parts of the globe. Predicting RVF's habitat suitability under different climate scenarios offers vital information for developing informed management schemes. The present study evaluated the probable impacts of climate change on the distribution of RVF disease in East Africa (E. A.), using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model and the disease outbreak cases. Considering the potential of the spread of the disease in the East Africa region, we utilized two representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) climate scenarios in the 2050s and 2070s (average for 2041-2060, and 2061-2080), respectively. All models had satisfactory AUC values of more than 0.809, which are considered excellent. Jackknife tests revealed that Bio4 (temperature seasonality), land use, and population density were the main factors influencing RVF distribution in the region. From the risk maps generated, we infer that, without regulations, this disease might establish itself across more extensive areas in the region, including most of Rwanda and Burundi. The ongoing trade between East African countries and changing climates could intensify RVF spread into new geographic extents with suitable habitats for the important zoonosis. The predicted suitable areas for RVF in eastern Kenya, southern Tanzania, and Somalia overlaps to a large extent where cattle keeping and pastoralism are highly practiced, thereby signifying the urgency to manage and control the disease. This work validates RVF outbreak cases' effectiveness to map the disease's distribution, thus contributing to enhanced ecological modeling and improved disease tracking and control efforts in East Africa.

scholarly journals Rift Valley fever virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus). Isolations from Diptera collected during an inter-epizootic period in Kenya

1985 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Linthicum ◽  
F. G. Davies ◽  
A. Kairo ◽  
C. L. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Transovarial Transmission ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Male And Female

SUMMARYA total of 134876 Diptera collected in Kenya during a 3-year period were tested in 3383 pools for Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus. Nineteen pools of unengorged mosquitoes were found positive for RVF. All isolations were made from specimens collected at or near the naturally or artificially flooded grassland depressions that serve as the developmental sites for the immature stages of many mosquito species. The isolation of virus from adult male and female A. lineatopennis which had been reared from field-collected larvae and pupae suggests that transovarial transmission of the virus occurs in this species.

scholarly journals Rift Valley Fever – assessment of effectiveness of surveillance and control measures in the EU

EFSA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Søren Saxmose Nielsen ◽  
Julio Alvarez ◽  
Dominique Joseph Bicout ◽  
Paolo Calistri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Eu
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