scholarly journals The Organization of the Pig T-cell Receptor Gamma (TRG) Locus Provides Insights Into the Evolutionary Patterns of the TRG Genes Across Cetartiodactyla

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Linguiti ◽  
Francesco Giannico ◽  
Pietro D'addabbo ◽  
Angela Pala ◽  
Anna Caputi Jambrenghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell Receptor ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Evolutionary Time ◽  
Gamma Chain ◽  
Domestic Pig ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Specialized Function ◽  
Trg Locus

The domestic pig (Sus scrofa) is a species representative of the Suina, one of the four suborders within Cetartiodactyla. In this paper, we reported our analysis of the pig TRG locus in comparison with the loci of species representative of the Ruminantia, Tylopoda and Cetacea suborders. The pig TRG genomic structure reiterates the peculiarity of the organization of Cetartiodactyla loci in TRGC “cassettes”, each containing the basic V-J-J-C unit. Eighteen genes arranged in four TRGC cassettes, form the pig TRG locus. All the functional TRG genes were expressed, and the TRGV genes preferentially rearrange with the TRGJ genes within their own cassette, which correlates the diversity of the gamma-chain repertoire with the number of cassettes. Among them, the TRGC5, located at the 5’ end of the locus, is the only cassette that retains a marked homology with the corresponding TRGC cassettes of all the analyzed species. The preservation of the TRGC5 cassette for such a long evolutionary time presumes a highly specialized function of its genes, which could be essential for the survival of species. Therefore, the maintenance of this cassette in pigs confirms that it is the most evolutionarily ancient within Cetartiodactyla, and it has undergone a process of duplication to give rise to the other TRGC cassettes in the different artiodactyl species in a lineage-specific manner.

The context of T-cell receptor gamma chain genes among wild mouse species

1986 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 304-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Huppi ◽  
Lawrence D'Hoostelaere ◽  
Michael Kiefer ◽  
Michael Steinmetz ◽  
Evelyne Jouvin-Marche
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Receptor ◽  
Wild Mouse ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Gamma Chain ◽  
Mouse Species

Sequence and diversity of rabbit T-cell receptor gamma chain genes

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Isono ◽  
CholJang Kim ◽  
Akira Seto
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Receptor ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Gamma Chain

scholarly journals Rearrangement of the T cell receptor gamma-chain gene in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1933-1939
Author(s):  
A Tawa ◽  
SH Benedict ◽  
J Hara ◽  
N Hozumi ◽  
EW Gelfand
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Receptor ◽  
Gene Rearrangement ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Leukemia Cell ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Gene Rearrangements ◽  
Gamma Chain ◽  
Beta Gene

We analyzed rearrangements of the T cell receptor gamma-chain (T gamma) gene as well as rearrangements of the T cell receptor beta-chain (T beta) gene and immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) gene in 68 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). All 15 patients with T cell ALL showed rearrangements of both T beta and T gamma genes. Twenty-four of 53 non-T, non-B ALL patients (45%) showed T gamma gene rearrangements and only 14 of these also showed T beta gene rearrangements. Only a single patient rearranged the T beta gene in the absence of T gamma gene rearrangement. The rearrangement patterns of the T gamma gene in non-T, non-B ALL were quite different from those observed in T cell ALL, as 20 of 23 patients retained at least one germline band of the T gamma gene. In contrast, all T cell ALL patients showed no retention of germline bands. These data indicate that rearrangement of the T gamma gene is not specific for T cell ALL. Further, the results also suggest that T gamma gene rearrangement precedes T beta gene rearrangement. The combined analysis of rearrangement patterns of IgH, T beta, and T gamma genes provides new criteria for defining the cellular origin of leukemic cells and for further delineation of leukemia cell heterogeneity.

scholarly journals Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase expression can precede T cell receptor beta chain and gamma chain rearrangement in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 356-360
Author(s):  
JM Greenberg ◽  
JH Kersey
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Receptor ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Beta Chain ◽  
Gamma Chain ◽  
T Cell Receptor Beta ◽  
Receptor Beta

The nuclear enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is thought to contribute to the diversity of certain immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene rearrangements through the addition of random nucleotides at their variable (V)-joining (J) region junctions. An acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with an immature T cell phenotype (CD7+, CD5+, CD1+/-, CD2+/-, CD3-, CD4-, CD8-) was found to be TdT+ with germline immunoglobulin heavy chain, T cell receptor beta chain, and T cell gamma chain genes. The data indicate that TdT expression can precede T gamma and T beta rearrangement during T lymphoid ontogeny consistent with its proposed association with the T cell receptor rearrangement process. Southern analysis of certain cases of T-ALL may not result in the detection of a monoclonal population of cells.

scholarly journals Detection of T-cell receptor gamma chain V gene rearrangements using the polymerase chain reaction: application to the study of clonal disease cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1989-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ Taylor ◽  
D Rowe ◽  
IK Williamson ◽  
SE Christmas ◽  
SJ Proctor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Receptor ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Gamma Chain ◽  
Cell Clones ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract This report describes the development and characterization of a method for the amplification of rearranged V-J segments of the human T-cell receptor gamma chain (TCRG) locus using an adaptation of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The technique uses a single pair of ‘consensus’ primers to amplify rearrangements involving the V gamma I subgroup genes, which are common in malignant cells from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. Using this method we were able to detect rearrangements in the TCRG locus in disease cells from patients with T-cell ALL (12 of 12), common ALL (10 of 14), and Null cell ALL (2 of 2) at presentation. Monoallelic and biallelic rearrangements involving V gamma I subgroup genes were identified by restriction analysis of PCR products from DNA samples from a T-cell leukemic cell line, T-cell clones, and disease cells from patients with ALL of T-and B-cell lineage at presentation. These results confirmed the presence of cell clones within the presentation samples and, in one case, confirmed the persistence of the original malignant cell clone at relapse. This is a rapid and specific method for the detection and characterization of rearrangements of the TCRG locus without recourse to Southern blotting. Therefore, the PCR technique described herein can provide the basis for the study of clonal evolution and minimal residual disease on a high proportion of patients with ALL.

New insight into the genomic structure of dog T cell receptor beta (TRB) locus inferred from expression analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micaela Mineccia ◽  
Serafina Massari ◽  
Giovanna Linguiti ◽  
Luigi Ceci ◽  
Salvatrice Ciccarese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Receptor ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
T Cell Receptor Beta ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Receptor Beta

scholarly journals A novel POU domain protein which binds to the T-cell receptor beta enhancer.

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5450-5460 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Messier ◽  
H Brickner ◽  
J Gaikwad ◽  
A Fotedar
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Receptor ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Pou Domain ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
T Cell Receptor Beta ◽  
Domain Protein ◽  
Beta Enhancer

POU domain proteins have been implicated in the regulation of a number of lineage-specific genes. Among the first POU domain proteins described were the immunoglobulin octamer-binding proteins Oct-1 and Oct-2. It was therefore of special interest when we identified a novel lymphoid POU domain protein in Southwestern (DNA-protein) screens of T-cell lambda gt11 libraries. This novel POU protein, TCF beta 1, binds in a sequence-specific manner to a critical motif in the T-cell receptor (TCR) beta enhancer. Sequence analysis revealed that TCF beta 1 represents a new class of POU domain proteins which are distantly related to other POU proteins. TCF beta 1 is encoded by multiple exons whose organization is distinct from that of other POU domain proteins. The expression of TCF beta 1 in a tissue-restricted manner and its ability to bind to multiple motifs in the TCR beta enhancer support a role in regulating TCR beta gene expression. The expression of TCF beta 1 in both B and T cells and the ability of recombinant TCF beta 1 to bind octamer and octamer-related motifs suggest that TCF beta 1 has additional roles in lymphoid cell function. The ability of TCF beta 1 to transactivate in a sequence-specific manner is consistent with a role for regulating lymphoid gene expression.

scholarly journals The expansion of the TRB and TRG genes in domestic goats (Capra hircus) is characteristic of the ruminant species

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Giannico ◽  
Serafina Massari ◽  
Anna Caputi Jambrenghi ◽  
Adriano Soriano ◽  
Angela Pala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Receptor ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Ruminant Species

Abstract Background Goats (Capra hircus), one of the first domesticated species, are economically important for milk and meat production, and their broad geographical distribution reflects their successful adaptation to diverse environmental conditions. Despite the relevance of this species, the genetic research on the goat traits is limited compared to other domestic species. Thanks to the latest goat reference genomic sequence (ARS1), which is considered to be one of the most continuous assemblies in livestock, we deduced the genomic structure of the T cell receptor beta (TRB) and gamma (TRG) loci in this ruminant species. Results Our analyses revealed that although the organization of the goat TRB locus is broadly similar to that of the other artiodactyl species, with three in-tandem D-J-C clusters located at the 3′ end, a complex and extensive series of duplications have occurred in the V genes at the 5′ end, leading to a marked expansion in the number of the TRBV genes. This phenomenon appears to be a feature of the ruminant lineage since similar gene expansions have also occurred in sheep and cattle. Likewise, the general organization of the goat TRG genes is typical of ruminant species studied so far, with two paralogous TRG loci, TRG1 and TRG2, located in two distinct and distant positions on the same chromosome as result of a split in the ancestral locus. Each TRG locus consists of reiterated V-J-J-C cassettes, with the goat TRG2 containing an additional cassette relative to the corresponding sheep and cattle loci. Conclusions Taken together, these findings demonstrate that strong evolutionary pressures in the ruminant lineage have selected for the development of enlarged sets of TRB and TRG genes that contribute to a diverse T cell receptor repertoire. However, differences observed among the goat, sheep and cattle TRB and TRG genes indicate that distinct evolutionary histories, with independent expansions and/or contractions, have also affected each ruminant species.

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