scholarly journals Kajian Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFS) sebagai Material Baru Pengantar Obat

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Qonita Awliya Hanif ◽  
Reva Edra Nugraha ◽  
Witri Wahyu Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Post Synthesis ◽  
Grand Canonical

<p><em>Metal–Organic Frameworks</em> (MOFs) merupakan material berpori baru yang berpotensi sebagai pengantar dan pelepas lambat obat. Strukturnya yang fleksibel, ukuran pori kristalin yang teratur, dan sisi koordinasi yang beragam merupakan beberapa kelebihan dari MOFs yang mendukung dalam enkapsulasi berbagai obat. Metode yang dapat digunakan untuk sintesis MOFs diantaranya nanopresipitasi, <em>solvothermal</em>, <em>reverse microemulsion</em>, dan reaksi <em>solvothermal</em> dengan template surfaktan. Karakterisasi material hasil sintesis maupun profil setelah enkapsulasi (<em>loading</em>) dapat dilakukan menggunakan <em>Scanning Electron Micrscope</em> (SEM), <em>Transmission Electron Microscope</em> (TEM), <em>Differential Scanning Calorymetry</em> (DSC), <em>Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy</em> (FTIR), dan <em>Powder X-Ray Diffraction </em>(PXRD). Metode <em>loading</em> obat terdiri dari dua kategori, yakni penggabungan agen biomedis secara langsung dan <em>loading</em> secara <em>post synthesis</em>. Sebelum MOFs diaplikasikan, perlu dilakukan aktivasi dan penempelan material obat. Pengujian lepas lambat dapat dijalankan pada beberapa kondisi seperti dalam <em>Simulated Body Fluid</em> (SBF), <em>Phosphate Buffer Saline</em> (PBS), <em>Bovine Serum Albumin</em> (BSA) maupun simulasi menggunakan <em>Grand Canonical Monte Carlo</em> (GCMC). Pengujian secara <em>in vivo</em> dan <em>in vitro</em> juga dapat dilakukan untuk mengetahui dampaknya pada tubuh makhluk hidup dan aktivitasnya terhadap sel patogen. Kombinasi organik <em>linker</em> dan ion logam pusat yang berbeda akan menghasilkan ukuran pori, fleksibilitas, kapasitas <em>loading</em>, profil pelepasan obat, toksisitas, dan kemampuan menginhibisi yang berbeda pula. Pada review kali ini akan dibahas tentang kajian singkat terkait struktur dan desain MOFs, bio-MOFs, nano bio MOFs, strategi sintesis, dan strategi <em>loading</em> dan pelepasan obat untuk aplikasi dalam biomedis. Selanjutnya akan diberikan beberapa contoh aplikasi yang sudah dilakukan sejauh ini misalnya beberapa jenis MOFs yang sudah dienkapsulasi dengan beberapa material obat, seperti 5-fluoracil, ibuprofen, doxorubicin, dan dikaji waktu pelepasannya dan interaksinya dengan permodelan komputasi.</p><p><strong>Study of Metal–Organic Frameworks (M</strong><strong>OF</strong><strong>s) as </strong><strong>a</strong><strong> Novel Material for Drug Delivery</strong>. Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a novel class of porous material that has wide potential applications including in drug delivery and slow release. Its flexible structure, regular crystalline pore size, and various coordination sites are some of the advantages of supporting MOFs properties in the encapsulation of various drugs. Various methods can be used for the MOFs synthesis include nanoprecipitation, solvothermal, reverse micro emulsion, and surfactant-templated solvothermal. Both characterization for synthesized materials and profile after encapsulation can be done using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD). The drug loading method consists of two categories, namely the direct incorporation of biomedical agents and post-synthesis method. Before MOFs are applied in biomedical application, activation and attachment of medicinal materials should be performed. Meanwhile, for slow release testing can be run on several conditions such as in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF), Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS), Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and simulation using Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC). In vivo and in vitro testing can also be done to determine the impact on the body of living creatures and their activity on pathogen cells. Different organic linker and metal center combinations will result in pore size, flexibility, loading capacity, drug release profiles, toxicity, and different inhibiting ability. Herein, we will discuss a brief review of the structure and design of MOFs, bio-MOFs, nano-bio MOFs, synthesis, drug loading and release strategies for applications in biomedicine. Furthermore, there will be some examples of applications that have been done so far, e.g. some types of MOFs that have been encapsulated with some medicinal materials, such as 5-fluorouracil, ibuprofen, doxorubicin, and reviewed its release time and interaction with computational modeling.</p>

Encapsulating doxorubicin in PEGylation metal-organic frameworks for combined radiation therapy in liver cancer treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1197-1203
Author(s):  
Dawei Liu ◽  
Bing Bai ◽  
Yanbin Sun ◽  
Youxin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Metal Organic

It is well known that nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (NMOFs) have exhibited brilliant advantages in cancer diagnosis and treatment due to their structural diversity, high intrinsic biodegradability, and drug-loading capacities. Herein, based on our previous results, hypoxia was suppressed by inhibiting the expression of the CA IX protein, produced from Zr-MOF nanoparticles, and enhancing radiation therapy (RT) effectiveness. We designed a nanocomposite by encapsulating doxorubicin into Zr-MOF nanoparticles. It is a highly effective drug for chemotherapy and MOF that can absorb X-rays well, applied to enhance RT as the radiosensitizer. PEG is used for surface modification in the nanoparticles and to improve circulation time by intravenous administration. These nanoparticles could be applied for RT combing with chemotherapy in vitro and vivo, obtaining excellent anticancer efficacy. Most importantly, Zr-MOF@Dox demonstrates high clearance from HepG2 tumor cells, reducing the circulation of toxicity in vivo. Our research exhibits a new approach to establishing Zr-MOF@Dox as a biodegradable drug-carrier system, containing chemotherapy drugs and functional elements that totally perform the diagnosis and treatment roles of RT.

scholarly journals A Simple in vivo Assay Using Amphipods for the Evaluation of Potential Biocompatible Metal-Organic Frameworks

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Sifaoui ◽  
Idaira Pacheco-Fernández ◽  
José E. Piñero ◽  
Verónica Pino ◽  
Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Toxicity Screening ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Potential Use

In this study, the application of amphipods in vivo assays was evaluated. The main aim of this work was to check the potential use of this model in biocompatibility assessments of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Hence, six different MOFs were synthesized and the in vitro and ex vivo cytotoxicity was first assessed using a colorimetric assay and a macrophage cell line. Obtained results were compared to validate the in vivo toxicity tests carried out using amphipods and increasing concentrations of the different MOFs. Amphipods do not require the need of ethics approval and also are less expensive to keep than conventional in vivo models, showing its potential as a fast and reliable platform in toxicity studies. The obtained results showed that the amphipods based-assay was simple, easy to replicate and yielded toxicity data corresponding to the type of MOFs tested. In addition, it was observed that only CIM-80(Al) and CIM-84(Zr) did not show any toxicity to the animals at the different tested concentrations. Therefore, the developed in vivo model could be applied as a high-throughput toxicity screening method to evaluate the toxicity of numerous materials, chemicals and therapeutic agents among others.

scholarly journals CARMUSTINE LOADED NANOSIZE LIPID VESICLES SHOWED PREFERENTIAL CYTOTOXICITY AND INTERNALIZATION IN U87MG CELL LINE ALONG WITH IMPROVED PHARMACOKINETIC PROFILE IN MICE: A STRATEGY FOR TREATMENT OF GLIOMA

2020 ◽  
pp. 240-248
Author(s):  
BHABANI SANKAR SATAPATHY ◽  
JNANRANJAN PANDA
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Transmission Electron

Objective: Successful treatment of glioma still remains a tough challenge. The present study aims at the development and evaluation of carmustine loaded nanosize phospholipid vesicles (CNLVs) for the treatment of glioma. Methods: The experimental NLVs were developed by conventional lipid layer hydration technique and were characterized by different in vitro tools such as diffraction light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), in vitro drug loading capacity, drug release study etc. In vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of the optimized drug-loaded NLVs were carried out in U87MG human glioblastoma cell line. In vivo pharmacokinetic study was conducted in Swiss albino mice. Results: DLS data showed an average vesicle diameter of 92 nm with narrow size distribution. Optimized CNLVs were spherical in shape with a smooth surface as depicted from FESEM data. Cryo-TEM study confirmed formation of unilamellar vesicles with intact outer bilayer. A reasonable drug loading of 7.8 % was reported for the optimized CNLVs along with a sustained release of CS over a 48 h study period. In vitro cytotoxicity assay revealed a considerable higher toxicity of CNLVs than free drugs in the U87MG cells. Confocal microscopy showed a satisfactory internalization of the optimized drug-loaded NLVs in the tested cell line. Pharmacokinetic data demonstrated an enhanced mean residence time of optimized CNLVs in blood than free drug. Conclusion: Results depicted the potential of experimental CNLVs for the treatment of glioma after further in vivo tests.

scholarly journals Cytotoxicity Property of Nano-TiO2Sol and Nano-TiO2Powder

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingting He ◽  
Jie Tao ◽  
Jianjun Xue ◽  
Yulan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure And Morphology ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
20 Nm

A homogeneous and transparent titania (TiO2) sol with nanosized anatase TiO2particles was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method. The transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the structure and morphology of particulates in the TiO2sol and purchased TiO2powder. The results show that the homogeneous anatase crystalline phase was formed and the size of the spindle-like particle in sol was about 20 nm in width and 150 nm in average length, and the particulates of the purchased powder were globular-like about 50 nm in diameter. In addition, a consistent set of in vitro experimental protocols was used to study the effects of nano-TiO2sol as prepared and nano-TiO2powder on mouse peritoneal macrophage. The cytotoxicity tests in vitro indicate that, with the increasing of TiO2sol concentration contaminated with the cells, the relative proliferation rate of macrophage cells was improved slightly after the cells contaminated for 24 h, but it reduced rapidly after contaminated for 48 h. The purchased nano-TiO2powder inhibited the growth of the cells obviously as cultivating with macrophage both for 24 h and 48 h.

Loading of siRNA on Magnetic PLL-Fe2O3@SiO2 Nanocomposites and their Transfection In Vitro

2014 ◽  
Vol 1053 ◽  
pp. 444-449
Author(s):  
Xue Wen Cui ◽  
Gang Cheng ◽  
Rui Jiang Liu ◽  
Li Wei Wang ◽  
Yan Shuai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sd Rat ◽  
Gene Carriers ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Co Precipitation

The magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method with FeCl3 and NaOH as starting reagents. The surface of Fe2O3 nanoparticles was modified with tetraethyl orthosilicate. Fe2O3@SiO2 nanocomposites were calcined at 600 °C. The nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The PLL-Fe2O3@SiO2 (SMNP) was prepared by modifying with poly-L-lysine on the surface. The SMNP combined with plasmid siRNA by static electrical charges as one of gene carriers was transfected into SD rat neurons. The results of fluorescence microscope and Prussian blue staining show that SMNP can effectively enter cells. Therefore, SMNP are one kind of novel and effective gene carriers, it can transfect the plasmid which carries the siRNA into SD rats neurons in vitro.

scholarly journals Use of RNA Arbitrarily Primed-PCR Fingerprinting To Identify Vibrio cholerae Genes Differentially Expressed in the Host following Infection

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 3878-3887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Chakrabortty ◽  
Soumita Das ◽  
Sabita Majumdar ◽  
Kanchan Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Susanta Roychoudhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Loop Model ◽  
Pcr Fingerprinting ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

ABSTRACT Evidence suggests that a repertoire of Vibrio cholerae genes are differentially expressed in vivo, and regulation of virulence factors in vivo may follow a different pathway. Our work was aimed at characterization of in vivo-grown bacteria and identification of genes that are differentially expressed following infection by RNA arbitrarily primed (RAP)-PCR fingerprinting. The ligated rabbit ileal loop model was used. The motility of in vivo-grown bacteria increased by 350% over that of in vitro-grown bacteria. Also, the in vivo-grown cells were more resistant to killing by human serum. By using the RAP-PCR strategy, five differentially expressed transcripts were identified. Two in vitro-induced transcripts encoded polypeptides for the leucine tRNA synthatase and the 50S ribosomal protein, and the three in vivo-induced transcripts encoded the SucA and MurE proteins and a polypeptide of unknown function. MurE is a protein involved in the peptidoglycan biosynthetic pathway. The lytic profiles of in vivo- and in vitro-grown cells suspended in distilled water were compared; the former was found to be slightly less sensitive to lysis. Ultrathin sections of both cells observed under the transmission electron microscope revealed that in contrast to the usual wavy discontinuous membrane structure of the in vitro-grown cells, in vivo-grown cells had a more rigid, clearly visible double-layered structure. The V. cholerae murE gene was cloned and sequenced. The sequence contained an open reading frame of 1,488 nucleotides with its own ribosome-binding site. A plasmid containing the murE gene of V. cholerae was transformed into V. cholerae 569B, and a transformed strain, 569BME, containing the plasmid was obtained. Ultrathin sections of 569BME viewed under a transmission electron microscope revealed a slightly more rigid cell wall than that of wild-type 569B. When V. cholerae 569B and 569BME cells were injected separately into ligated rabbit ileal loops, the transformed cells had a preference for growth in the ileal loops versus laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals Missing-linker metal-organic frameworks for oxygen evolution reaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziqian Xue ◽  
Kang Liu ◽  
Qinglin Liu ◽  
Yinle Li ◽  
Manrong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Oxygen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
The Self ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Metal Organic

Abstract Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been recognized as compelling platforms for the development of miscellaneous applications because of their structural diversity and functional tunability. Here, we propose that the electrocatalytic properties could be well modified by incorporating missing linkers into the MOF. Theoretical calculations suggest the electronic structure of MOFs can be tuned by introducing missing linkers, which improves oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance of the MOF. Inspired by these aspects, we introduced various missing linkers into a layered-pillared MOF Co2(OH)2(C8H4O4) (termed as CoBDC) to prepare missing-linker MOFs. Transmission electron microscope and synchrotron X-ray measurements confirmed that the missing linkers in the MOF could be introduced and well controlled by our strategy. The self-supported MOF nanoarrays with missing linkers of carboxyferrocene exhibit excellent OER performance with ultralow overpotential of 241 mV at 100 mA cm−2. This work opens a new prospect to develop efficient MOF-based electrocatalysts by introducing missing linkers.

Morphological evolution of calcium apatites from nanorods to hollow spheres mediated by acetic acid

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 2499-2502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junfeng Hui ◽  
Daidi Fan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Acid Aqueous Solution ◽  
The Stability

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) and brushite (DCPD) are two important compounds of the calcium apatite family with excellent bioactivity and osteoconductive properties in vivo. This work aimed to investigate the stability of HAp nanorods synthesized by the hydrothermal method in acetic acid aqueous solution. The results illuminated that HAp nanorods were converted into hollow nanospheres, and it was found that the concentration and amount of the acetic acid and the reaction time significantly affected the degree of the morphological evolution. Transmission electron microscope, high-resolution transmission electron microscope, and x-ray diffraction were performed for characterizing the samples.

131I-radioisotope modified in PEGylation metal organic frameworks for sensitization in refractory differentiated thyroid cancer treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 088532822110298
Author(s):  
Shuai Jiang ◽  
Miao Yu ◽  
Haoyang Wang ◽  
Songqi Han ◽  
Mengfei Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Intratumoral Injection ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Local Tumour

Radiation therapy for cancer can lead to off-target toxicity and can be ineffective against refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. The nanoscale metal organic frameworks (NMOFs) have shown great potential in cancer diagnostic and treatment due to their advantages in the aspect of structural diversities, high intrinsic biodegradability and drug-loading capacities. Here, we provide that intratumoral injection, in mouse of refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. In this work, we used the therapeutic 131I radioisotope modified Zr-MOF (Zr-MOF@131I) with aim to enable long-term relief of tumour therapy, which has successfully eliminated tumour at ralatively low radioactivity doses. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was coated into Zr-MOF and, as a result, circulation time was significantly improved by intratumoral injection. These findings therefore suggest that nanoparticles could be used in vivo combined therapy. On injection, while it is a highly effective drug for radioisotope, Zr-MOF with attenuation ability could apply for a radio-sensitizer to enhance inner radiotherapy (RT). The local therapy, which uses only biocompatible components, might enable new strategies for local tumour treatments. These could be further combined with systemic therapeutic responses for the inhibition of refractory differentiated thyroid cancer and the prevention of tumour recurrence in patients.

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