Research Activities of Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 818-822
Author(s):  
Hideaki Higashi ◽  
◽  
Hiroshi Kida
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
University Research ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
The University ◽  
Biosafety Level

The Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control (CZC) established the Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia (HUCZCZ) at the School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, in 2007 to control zoonotic diseases in the areas of South Africa, where various emerging infectious diseases have occurred. The CZC promotes epidemiological studies and basic researches of infectious diseases caused by viruses, protozoa, and bacteria by using the biosafety level 3 facility in the HUCZCZ. This article introduces research activities of the HUCZCZ in Zambia.

scholarly journals Emerging zoonoses in Indonesia: implication for the future

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Toni Wandra
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Emerging Zoonoses ◽  
The Future ◽  
Health Organization

World Health Organization (WHO) defines zoonotic diseases (zoonoses) as those diseases and infections which are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans. More than 250 zoonoses have been described, over 60% of pathogens that cause diseases in humans are zoonoses of animals, and 75% of emerging infectious diseases. Most pandemics are caused by zoonoses.

scholarly journals Building Bridges: Linking universities with the manufacturing industry

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 144-159
Author(s):  
Robert Knutsen ◽  
Charlene Steyn ◽  
Martin Nicol
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
University Research ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Local Manufacturing

This article explores ideas for linking university research entities with small- and medium-sized manufacturing industries. In an environment such as the Western Cape, South Africa, where well established teaching and research activities in science and engineering exist at several universities and research institutions, it is astonishing to realize that the local manufacturing industry struggles to obtain assistance with research and development in order to remain competitive locally and globally. Some of the reasons for this situation are outlined and solutions are proposed. In particular, the role of a gateway organization which aims to build networks between universities, research institutions and industry is described.

The Outline of the “Collaborative Study on Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases in Vietnam, Enhancement of Research Capacity”

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-806
Author(s):  
Tetsu Yamashiro ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Epidemiology ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Vector Borne

The Institute of Tropical Medicine, of Nagasaki University (ITM) and the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Vietnam (NIHE), have been jointly conducting a joint project since 2005 on emerging and reemerging infectious diseases under a grant from the Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Technology (MEXT) of Japan. A Vietnam research station established on the NIHE campus has been the site of a number of research activities. Project for clarifying environmental and social factors affecting outbreaks of zoonosis, vector-borne infectious diseases, diarrhoea, and childhood pneumonia have been conducted within a collaborative project framework. Having achieved the goals set or research in the project’s first phase (from 2005 to 2009), the next objectives have been underlined, clarifying the factors and mechanisms causing infectious diseases. Four groups were established to answer these research questions, i.e., diarrhoea, vector-borne disease, clinical epidemiology, and zoonosis. These groups have conducted 15 independent activities. To conduct projects on a higher level, cooperation has been established with three Vietnamese governmental research institutions and with JICA-supported national hospitals. The outcome of such activities is expected to contribute greatly to promoting public health and improving medical care.

scholarly journals Stochastic dynamics of an epidemics with recurrent spillovers from an endemic reservoir

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Voinson ◽  
Alexandra Alvergne ◽  
Sylvain Billiard ◽  
Charline Smadi
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Stochastic Dynamics ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Recurrent Infection ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Direct Transmission ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Incidental Host

AbstractMost emerging human infectious diseases have an animal origin. Yet, while zoonotic diseases originate from a primary reservoir, most theoretical studies have principally focused on single-host processes, either exclusively humans or exclusively animals, without considering the importance of animal to human transmission for understanding the dynamics of emerging infectious diseases. Here we aim to investigate the importance of spillover transmission for explaining the number and the size of outbreaks. We propose a simple stochastic Susceptible-Infected-Recovered model with a recurrent infection of an incidental host from a reservoir (e.g. humans by a zoonotic species), considering two modes of transmission, (1) animal-to-human and (2) human-to-human. The model assumes that (i) epidemiological processes are faster than other processes such as demographics or pathogen evolution and (ii) that an epidemic occurs until there are no susceptible individuals left. The results show that during an epidemic, even when the pathogens are barely contagious, multiple outbreaks are observed due to spillover transmission. Overall, the findings demonstrate that the only consideration of direct transmission between individuals is not sufficient to explain the dynamics of zoonotic pathogens in an incidental host.

scholarly journals Bats as a source of emerging zoonotic diseases – the interface with wildlife

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Lin-Fa Wang
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Zoonotic Viruses

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are defined as infections that have newly appeared in a population or have undergone a rapid change in incidence or geographic location1. Since 1940s, more than 300 EIDs have been recorded2, most of which are viruses. Approximately 75% of human EIDs originated from animals. Of all the EIDs, zoonoses from wildlife represent the most significant threat to human health. Zoonotic EIDs have been identified in a variety of wildlife animals, including ungulates, carnivores, rodents, primates, bats and other mammal and non-mammal species. AIDS, the most significant EID of modern times, originated from non-human primates. Rodents have long been recognised as an important source of EIDs including hantavirus, plaque and lyme disease3. In the last few decades, bats (Order Chiroptera) have received growing attention as reservoirs for EIDs. Particularly, a number of high profile zoonotic viruses with significant human and animal morbidity and mortality have been linked to bat reservoirs4,5.

Research Activities and Responding to Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda): Tohoku-RITM Collaborating Research Center in the Philippines

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 823-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko Saito ◽  
◽  
Mayuko Saito ◽  
Tadatsugu Imamura ◽  
Taro Kamigaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Research Activities

In the six years since the Tohoku-RITM Collaborating Research Center was established, the center has been working on major infectious diseases in the Philippines and conducting molecular and epidemiological studies from a public health perspective. Its target diseases include pneumonia, diarrhea, and rabies, which are a major public health problem in the Philippines. Some studies have also been conducted on emerging and re-emerging infections significantly impacting both on the Philippines and on other countries. In November 2013, typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) hit the Visayas, where one of our research areas is located. The center responded immediately and helped assess and diagnose infectious diseases, based on our experience of Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011.

scholarly journals Development of a Mechanism for the Management of University Research Activities Based on the Principles of Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 05007
Author(s):  
Natalia Ketoeva ◽  
Maria Kiseleva ◽  
Victoria Dranitsyna
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
University Research ◽  
Development Work ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
The University

The article is devoted to the topical issues of performance evaluation and management of university research groups for its sustainable development. Scientific groups are one of the effective levers for increasing and activation of research activities in the university, as they cover all areas of its activities: performance of research and development work, building a portfolio of orders, preparation of applications for intellectual property objects, preparation of articles and reports, training of highly qualified personnel and implementation of expert activities. To develop a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of research teams, the existing methods for analyzing the management of research activities of universities in Russian and world practice were considered, where their advantages and disadvantages were identified. The university’s organizational and economic mechanism of research activities management was developed based on the above and the principles of sustainable development of higher education institutions.

Evaluation of Soybean Germplasm for Resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Miles ◽  
R. D. Frederick ◽  
G. L. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽  
Soybean Germplasm ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Causal Fungus ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Rust Severity ◽  
The University ◽  
Biosafety Level

Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal fungus of soybean rust, was discovered in the continental U.S. in November 2004. The presence of this disease in the U.S. may have an impact on soybean (Glycine max) production, as the current commercial varieties are considered to be susceptible, and the use of one or more applications of fungicides will add additional costs to production. One objective of the USDA-ARS research on soybean rust is to identify soybean germplasm with resistance to the disease. There are over 16,000 soybean accessions in the USDA Germplasm Collection located at the University of Illinois. These accessions were evaluated in a two-tiered inoculation program using a mixture of four P. pachyrhizi isolates in Biosafety Level 3 containment greenhouses the FDWSRU. In the first round of evaluations, 16,595 accessions were rated for rust severity. Of these, 3,215 accessions, based on low visual rust severity or the presence of a red-brown reaction, were selected for a second round of evaluation. After the second round of replicated evaluations of the 3,215 accessions, 805 were selected for further evaluation, again based on low mean visual severity or the presence of a red-brown reaction. Some of these selected accessions have the potential to provide soybean rust resistance genes that may be useful for incorporation into commercial soybean cultivars. Accepted for publication 9 November 2005. Published 4 January 2006.

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