Rotational Dynamic Illusion Related to Physiological Influence in Virtual Environments

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toyomi Fujita ◽  
◽  
Masanori Idesawa
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Head Movement ◽  
Visual Illusion ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Simulator Sickness ◽  
Measuring Head ◽  
Rotational Dynamic

As virtual environment (VE) technology has become more disseminated, harmful physiological influences on users of VE have been reported such as simulator sickness and motion sickness – collectively called VE sickness. For VE safety and comfort, we note a new dynamic visual illusion, called ""rotational dynamic illusion"". Several psychophysical experiments measuring head movement in illusion observation suggest that perceptive features of rotational dynamic illusion are closely related to balance, which causes VE sickness. These features will be effective in realizing VE safety and comfort and trigger advances in VE technology development.

Assessing the Impact of Control and Sensory Compatibility on Sickness in Virtual Environments

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (22) ◽  
pp. 1122-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Rich ◽  
Curt C. Braun
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Conflict Theory ◽  
Simulator Sickness ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Simulator Sickness Questionnaire ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Impact

Virtual reality (VR) users are frequently limited by motion sickness-like symptoms. One factor that might influence sickness in VR is the level of control one has in a virtual environment. Reason's Sensory Conflict Theory suggested that motion sickness occurs when incompatibilities exist between four sensory inputs. It is possible that control and sensory compatibility are positively related. If this is the case, increasing control in a virtual environment should result in decreasing symptomology. To test this, the present study used the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire to measure symptomology of 163 participants after exposure to a virtual environment. Three levels of control and compatibility were assessed. It was hypothesized that the participants with control and compatible sensory information would experience fewer symptoms than participants in either the control/incompatible or no control/incompatible conditions. Although significant main effects were found for both gender and condition, the findings were opposite of those hypothesized. Possible explanations for this finding are discussed.

Preliminary findings on the Virtual Environment for Radiotherapy Training (VERT) system: simulator sickness and presence

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Flinton ◽  
Nick White
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
General Health ◽  
Simulator Sickness ◽  
Simulator Sickness Questionnaire ◽  
Thé Vert

AbstractBackground:Virtual environments in medical education are becoming increasingly popular as a learning tool. However, there is a large amount of evidence linking these systems to adverse effects that mimic motion sickness. It is also proposed that the efficacy of such systems is affected by how well they engage the user, which is often referred to as presence.Purpose:This primary purpose of this study was to look at the side effects experienced and presence in the Virtual Environment for Radiotherapy Training (VERT) system which has recently been introduced.Method:A pre-VERT questionnaire was given to 84 subjects to ascertain general health of the subjects. The simulator sickness questionnaire was utilised to determine the side effects experienced, whereas the igroup presence questionnaire was used to measure presence. Both questionnaires were given immediately after use of the VERT system.Results:The majority of symptoms were minor; the two most commonly reported symptoms relating to ocular issues. No relationship was seen between simulator sickness and presence although subjects with a higher susceptibility to travel sickness had reported higher levels of disorientation and nausea. There was also a decrease in involvement with the system in subjects with a higher susceptibility to travel sickness.

scholarly journals DOES IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL REALITY INDUCE CYBERSICKNESS AND IMPACT EQUILIBRIUM COORDINATION?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 3546-3551
Author(s):  
Tamanna Nurai
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Simulator Sickness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Simulator Sickness Questionnaire

Cybersickness continues to become a negative consequence that degrades the interface for users of virtual worlds created for Virtual Reality (VR) users. There are various abnormalities that might cause quantifiable changes in body awareness when donning an Head Mounted Display (HMD) in a Virtual Environment (VE). VR headsets do provide VE that matches the actual world and allows users to have a range of experiences. Motion sickness and simulation sickness performance gives self-report assessments of cybersickness with VEs. In this study a simulator sickness questionnaire is being used to measure the aftereffects of the virtual environment. This research aims to answer if Immersive VR induce cybersickness and impact equilibrium coordination. The present research is formed as a cross-sectional observational analysis. According to the selection criteria, a total of 40 subjects would be recruited from AVBRH, Sawangi Meghe for the research. With intervention being used the experiment lasted 6 months. Simulator sickness questionnaire is used to evaluate the after-effects of a virtual environment. It holds a single period for measuring motion sickness and evaluation of equilibrium tests were done twice at exit and after 10 mins. Virtual reality being used in video games is still in its development. Integrating gameplay action into the VR experience will necessitate a significant amount of study and development. The study has evaluated if Immersive VR induce cybersickness and impact equilibrium coordination. To measure cybersickness, numerous scales have been developed. The essence of cybersickness has been revealed owing to work on motion sickness in a simulated system.

Stereoscopic Viewing Enhances Visually Induced Motion Sickness but Sound Does Not

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrang Keshavarz ◽  
Heiko Hecht
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Simulator Sickness ◽  
Roller Coaster ◽  
Induced Motion ◽  
Response Measures ◽  
Fast Motion ◽  
3D Presentation ◽  
Precise Simulation

Optic flow in visual displays or virtual environments often induces motion sickness (MS). We conducted two studies to analyze the effects of stereopsis, background sound, and realism (video vs. simulation) on the severity of MS and related feelings of immersion and vection. In Experiment 1, 79 participants watched either a 15-min-long video clip taken during a real roller coaster ride, or a precise simulation of the same ride. Additionally, half of the participants watched the movie in 2D, and the other half in 3D. MS was measured using the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) and the Fast Motion Sickness Scale (FMS). Results showed a significant interaction for both variables, indicating highest sickness scores for the real roller coaster video presented in 3D, while all other videos provoked less MS and did not differ among one another. In Experiment 2, 69 subjects were exposed to a video captured during a bicycle ride. Viewing mode (3D vs. 2D) and sound (on vs. off) were varied between subjects. Response measures were the same as in Experiment 1. Results showed a significant effect of stereopsis; MS was more severe for 3D presentation. Sound did not have a significant effect. Taken together, stereoscopic viewing played a crucial role in MS in both experiments. Our findings imply that stereoscopic videos can amplify visual discomfort and should be handled with care.

Profile Analysis of Simulator Sickness Symptoms: Application to Virtual Environment Systems

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Kennedy ◽  
Norman E. Lane ◽  
Michael G. Lilienthal ◽  
Kevin S. Berbaum ◽  
Lawrence J. Hettinger
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Simulator Sickness ◽  
Classical Motion ◽  
Flight Simulators ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Analytic Scoring ◽  
Display Systems

Flight simulators are examples of virtual environment (VE) systems that often give rise to a form of discomfort resembling classical motion sickness. The major difference between simulator sickness and other forms of motion sickness is that the former exhibits more oculomotor-related symptoms and far less actual vomiting. VEs of the future are likely to include more compellingly realistic visual display systems, and these systems can also be expected to produce adverse symptoms. The implications of simulator sickness for future uses of VEs include adverse consequences for users' safety and health, user acceptance, training effectiveness, and overall system performance. Based on data from a factor analysis of over 1000 Navy and Marine Corps pilot simulation exposures, a new scoring procedure for simulator sickness has recently been developed (Lane & Kennedy, 1988; Kennedy, Lane, Berbaum, & Lilienthal, 1992). The factor analytic scoring key provides subscales for oculomotor stress (eyestrain), nausea, and disorientation. Simulators are being examined in terms of these factor profiles to identify causes of simulator sickness. This approach could also be used in evaluating motion sickness-like symptomatology that occurs in connection with the use of VEs. This paper describes the use of the multifactor scoring of the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) in diagnosing sources of simulator sickness in individual simulators. Reanalysis by this new methodology was employed to standardize existing simulator sickness survey data and to determine whether relationships existed that were missed by the more traditional scoring approaches.

Demonstration of a Motion Coupled Virtual Environment (Mocove) – a Device for Reducing Spatial Disorientation in Uncoupled Virtual and Motion Environments

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 766-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith W. Brendley ◽  
Joseph Cohn ◽  
Jed Marti ◽  
Paul DiZio
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Spatial Disorientation ◽  
Physical Motion ◽  
Perceived Motion ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. Navy intends to field Virtual Environments (VE) aboard ships and submarines for training crews at sea and in harbor. The shipboard environment combined with a VE presents a challenge for reducing the side effects, most notably motion sickness, postural instability and spatial disorientation. The discrepancy between actual motion and perceived motion in the VE has been shown to be among the greatest contributing factors to side effects. The two environments, virtual and real, combine to create a highly provocative “motion discordant environment.” This demonstration presents an approach for minimizing side effects. The approach creates a Motion Coupled Virtual Environment (MOCOVE) where physical motion is sensed and convolved with the VE scene. The resultant VE has been shown to reduce side effects in preliminary laboratory studies

Will Simulation Sickness Slow Down the Diffusion of Virtual Environment Technology?

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Biocca
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Immersive Virtual Environments ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Military

The widespread diffusion of immersive virtual environments (VE) is threatened by persistent reports that some users experience simulation sickness, a form of motion sickness that accompanies extended use of the medium. Experience with the problem of simulation sickness is most extensive in the military where the illness has accompanied the use of various simulators since the 1950s. This article considers the obstacles presented by simulation sickness to the diffusion of VE systems, its physiological and technological causes, and, finally, the remedies that have been suggested to fix the problems. This issue is also considered in light of previous reports of purported illnesses that accompanied the diffusion of other communication technologies.

scholarly journals Duration and Exposure to Virtual Environments: Sickness Curves During and Across Sessions

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Kennedy ◽  
Kay M. Stanney ◽  
William P. Dunlap
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Exposure Duration ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Simulator Sickness ◽  
Single Exposure ◽  
Optimal Length ◽  
Precise Form ◽  
Intersession Interval

Although simulator sickness is known to increase with protracted exposure and to diminish with repeated sessions, limited systematic research has been performed in these areas. This study reviewed the few studies with sufficient information available to determine the effect that exposure duration and repeated exposure have on motion sickness. This evaluation confirmed that longer exposures produce more symptoms and that total sickness subsides over repeated exposures. Additional evaluation was performed to investigate the precise form of this relationship and to determine whether the same form was generalizable across varied simulator environments. The results indicated that exposure duration and repeated exposures are significantly linearly related to sickness outcomes (duration being positively related and repetition negatively related to total sickness). This was true over diverse systems and large subject pools. This result verified the generalizability of the relationships among sickness, exposure duration, and repeated exposures. Additional research is indicated to determine the optimal length of a single exposure and the optimal intersession interval to facilitate adaptation.

Cybersickness is Not Simulator Sickness

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 1138-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay M. Stanney ◽  
Robert S. Kennedy ◽  
Julie M. Drexler
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Simulator Sickness ◽  
Predominant Symptom ◽  
Flight Simulators ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Insight Into

Factor analysis of a large number of motion sickness self-reports from exposure to military flight simulators revealed three separate clusters of symptoms. Based on this analysis a symptom profile emerged for simulators where Oculomotor symptoms predominated, followed by Nausea and least by Disorientation-like symptoms. Current users of virtual environment (VE) systems have also begun to report varying degrees of what they are calling cybersickness, which initially appeared to be similar to simulator sickness. We have found, after examination of eight experiments using different VE systems, that the profile of cybersickness is sufficiently different from simulator sickness — with Disorientation being the predominant symptom and Oculomotor the least. The total severity of cybersickness was also found to be approximately three times greater than that of simulator sickness. Perhaps these different strains of motion sickness may provide insight into the different causes of the two maladies.

scholarly journals Vection Change Exacerbates Simulator Sickness in Virtual Environments

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Bonato ◽  
Andrea Bubka ◽  
Stephen Palmisano ◽  
Danielle Phillip ◽  
Giselle Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Optic Flow ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Simulator Sickness ◽  
Simulator Sickness Questionnaire ◽  
Self Motion

The optic flow patterns generated by virtual reality (VR) systems typically produce visually induced experiences of self-motion (vection). While this vection can enhance presence in VR, it is often accompanied by a variant of motion sickness called simulator sickness (SS). However, not all vection experiences are the same. In terms of perceived heading and/or speed, visually simulated self-motion can be either steady or changing. It was hypothesized that changing vection would lead to more SS. Participants viewed an optic flow pattern that either steadily expanded or alternately expanded and contracted. In one experiment, SS was measured pretreatment and after 5 min of viewing using the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire. In a second experiment employing the same stimuli, vection onset and magnitude were measured using a computer-interfaced slide indicator. The steadily expanding flow pattern, compared to the expanding and contracting pattern, led to: 1) significantly less SS, 2) lower subscores for nausea, oculomotor, and disorientation symptoms, 3) more overall vection magnitude, and 4) less changing vection. Collectively, these results suggest that changing vection exacerbates SS.

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