scholarly journals Gait Rehabilitation System Using a Non-Wearing Type Pneumatic Power Assist Device

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 927-934
Author(s):  
Masashi Yokota ◽  
Masahiro Takaiwa ◽  
◽  

In Japan, approximately 1.1 million people suffer from cerebrovascular diseases such as cerebral stroke, which can further increase due to the aging society. Therefore, rehabilitation for the physical recovery of patients with hemiplegia caused by cerebrovascular disease plays an important role in maintaining and improving their quality of life (QoL). In rehabilitation facilities, crutches and parallel bars are the mainstream, but patients support their body with their arms, causing falls and fatigue, leading to deterioration of motivation in long-term rehabilitation. Although a few hanging-type devices have been developed to cope with such issues, they occupy large space, require time to wear, and have a high introduction cost. In this study, we developed a non-wearing-type pneumatic power assist device for gait rehabilitation to ensure patients can sustain their body weight by pushing up their armpit and quantitatively verified the effectiveness of the device.


Author(s):  
J P Cassella ◽  
V Salih ◽  
T R Graham

Left ventricular assist systems are being developed for eventual long term or permanent implantation as an alternative to heart transplantation in patients unsuitable for or denied the transplant option. Evaluation of the effects of these devices upon normal physiology is required. A preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the morphology of aortic tissue from calves implanted with a pneumatic Left Ventricular Assist device-LVAD. Two 3 month old heifer calves (calf 1 and calf 2) were electively explanted after 128 days and 47 days respectively. Descending thoracic aortic tissue from both animals was removed immediately post mortem and placed into karnovsky’s fixative. The tissue was subsequently processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Some aortic tissue was fixed in neutral buffered formalin and processed for routine light microscopy.



Author(s):  
О.Ю. Бушуева

Распространенные и зачастую сочетающиеся кардио- и цереброваскулярные заболевания (КЦВЗ), включающие артериальную гипертензию (АГ), ишемическую болезнь сердца (ИБС) и мозговой инсульт (МИ), представляют собой основную причину смертности во всем мире. Окислительный стресс имеет множество патологических эффектов на сосудистый гомеостаз и в настоящее время рассматривается как один из общих механизмов развития КЦВЗ. Целью исследования было изучение ассоциации однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов генов редокс-гомеостаза rs2070424 SOD1, rs4880 SOD2, rs769214 CAT, rs713041 GPX4, rs41303970 GCLM, rs17883901 GCLC, rs854560 PON1, rs7493 PON2, rs1695 GSTP1, rs2266782 FMO3 с развитием изолированных и сочетанных форм КЦВЗ. Материалом для исследования послужила выборка неродственных индивидов славянского происхождения, общей численностью 2702 человека. В исследование вошли 1815 пациентов с различными кардио- и цереброваскулярными заболеваниями и их сочетаниями: с изолированной АГ (иАГ), с изолированной ишемической болезнью сердца (иИБС), с сочетанием АГ и ИБС (АГ+ИБС), с мозговым инсультом (МИ) на фоне АГ (АГ+МИ); с коморбидной кардио- и цереброваскулярной патологией (АГ+ИБС+МИ). Из общей выборки здоровых лиц (N=887) были сформированы 5 контрольных групп, соответствующих по полу и возрасту каждой из групп нозологических форм заболеваний. Генотипирование SNP проводили методом ПЦР в режиме реального времени путем дискриминации аллелей с помощью TaqMan-зондов. Для анализа ассоциаций генотипов с развитием заболеваний пользовались лог-аддитивной регрессионной моделью. Все расчеты выполнены относительно минорного аллеля; введены поправки на пол и возраст. SNP rs1695 GSTP1 был связан исключительно с развитием иАГ (OR=1,19, 95%CI=1,01-1,39, р=0,034). SNP rs7493 PON2 был связан с развитием всех исследованных коморбидных кардио- и цереброваскулярных заболеваний: АГ+ИБС (adjOR=1,32, adj95%CI=1,07-1,63, adjp=0,01); АГ+МИ (adjOR=1,79, adj95%CI=1,45-2,21, adjp<0,0001); АГ+ИБС+МИ (adjOR=1,51, adj95%CI=1,09-2,09, adjp=0,01), а также с укорочением протромбинового времени (adjDifference=-0,35; adjp=0,01). SNP rs2266782 FMO3 был связан с фенотипом АГ+МИ (adjOR=1,24, adj95%CI=1,02-1,51, adjp=0,03), а также снижал возраст манифестации МИ (adjDifference=-2,31; adjp=0,03). Таким образом, установлено, что однонуклеотидные полиморфизмы генов редокс-гомеостаза могут представлять важную генетическую компоненту формирования дифференцированности кардио- и цереброваскулярных фенотипов. Common and often comorbid cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVD), including arterial hypertension (AH), coronary heart disease (CHD), and cerebral stroke (CS), are the leading cause of death worldwide. Oxidative stress has many pathological effects on vascular homeostasis and is currently regarded as one of the common mechanisms for the development of CCVD. The aim of our study was to investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the redox-homeostasis genes rs2070424 SOD1, rs4880 SOD2, rs769214 CAT, rs713041 GPX4, rs41303970 GCLM, rs17883901 GCLC, rs854560 PON1, rs7493 PON2, rs1695 GSTP1, rs2266782 FMO3 with the development of isolated and comorbid CCVD. A total 2702 individuals of Slavic origin were included for this study. The patients group included 1815 subjects with various CCVD and their combinations: isolated AH (IAH); isolated IHD (IIHD), combination of AH and IHD (AH+IHD); combination of AH and CS (AH+CS); comorbid cardio- and cerebrovascular pathology (AH+IHD+CS). From the total sample of healthy individuals (N=887), 5 sex- and age-matched control groups were formed. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan-based PCR. To analyze the associations of genotypes with the risk of diseases, a log-additive regression model was used. All calculations were performed relative to the minor allele; corrections for gender and age have been introduced. SNP rs1695 GSTP1 was associated with IAH exclusively (OR=1.19, 95%CI=1.01-1.39, P=0.034). SNP rs7493 PON2 was associated with the development of all studied comorbid CCVD: AH+IHD (adjOR=1.32, adj95%CI=1.07-1.63, adjP=0.01); AH+CS (adjOR=1.79, adj95%CI=1.45-2.21, adjP<0.0001); AH+IHD+CS (adjOR=1.51, adj95%CI=1.09-2.09, adjP=0.01), as well as shortening of prothrombin time (adjDifference=-0.35; adjP=0.01). SNP rs2266782 FMO3 was associated with the development of AH+CS (adjOR=1.24, adj95%CI=1.02-1.51, adjP=0.03), as well as decreased age of manifestation of CS (adjDifference=-2.31; adjP=0.03). Thus, it was found that genes involved in regulation of redox-homeostasis, can represent an important genetic component in the formation of differentiation of cardio- and cerebrovascular phenotypes.



2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-57
Author(s):  
Dildora Khaydarova ◽  
◽  
Hilola Davronova ◽  
Asliddin Akbarov ◽  

Cerebrovascular diseases remain one of the most pressing medical and social problems in many countries of the world, due to their high prevalence, severity of complications and mortality. In Uzbekistan, the number of patients with cerebral stroke is quite large -about 40-45 thousandcases of cerebral stroke are registered annually



2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Giulia Grande ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Petter L.S. Ljungman ◽  
Massimo Stafoggia ◽  
Tom Bellander ◽  
...  

Background: A growing but contrasting evidence relates air pollution to cognitive decline. The role of cerebrovascular diseases in amplifying this risk is unclear. Objectives: 1) Investigate the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and cognitive decline; 2) Test whether cerebrovascular diseases amplify this association. Methods: We examined 2,253 participants of the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). One major air pollutant (particulate matter ≤2.5μm, PM2.5) was assessed yearly from 1990, using dispersion models for outdoor levels at residential addresses. The speed of cognitive decline (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE) was estimated as the rate of MMSE decline (linear mixed models) and further dichotomized into the upper (25%fastest cognitive decline), versus the three lower quartiles. The cognitive scores were used to calculate the odds of fast cognitive decline per levels of PM2.5 using regression models and considering linear and restricted cubic splines of 10 years exposure before the baseline. The potential modifier effect of cerebrovascular diseases was tested by adding an interaction term in the model. Results: We observed an inverted U-shape relationship between PM2.5 and cognitive decline. The multi-adjusted piecewise regression model showed an increased OR of fast cognitive decline of 81%(95%CI = 1.2–3.2) per interquartile range difference up to mean PM2.5 level (8.6μg/m3) for individuals older than 80. Above such level we observed no further risk increase (OR = 0.89;95%CI = 0.74–1.06). The presence of cerebrovascular diseases further increased such risk by 6%. Conclusion: Low to mean PM2.5 levels were associated with higher risk of accelerated cognitive decline. Cerebrovascular diseases further amplified such risk.



2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 518
Author(s):  
Sara De Angelis ◽  
Alessandro Antonio Princi ◽  
Fulvio Dal Farra ◽  
Giovanni Morone ◽  
Carlo Caltagirone ◽  
...  

Postural instability and fear of falling represent two major causes of decreased mobility and quality of life in cerebrovascular and neurologic diseases. In recent years, rehabilitation strategies were carried out considering a combined sensorimotor intervention and an active involvement of the patients during the rehabilitation sessions. Accordingly, new technological devices and paradigms have been developed to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation by integrating multisensory information and augmented feedback promoting the involvement of the cognitive paradigm in neurorehabilitation. In this context, the vibrotactile feedback (VF) could represent a peripheral therapeutic input, in order to provide spatial proprioceptive information to guide the patient during task-oriented exercises. The present systematic review and metanalysis aimed to explore the effectiveness of the VF on balance and gait rehabilitation in patients with neurological and cerebrovascular diseases. A total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. Due to the lack of high-quality studies and heterogeneity of treatments protocols, clinical practice recommendations on the efficacy of VF cannot be made. Results show that VF-based intervention could be a safe complementary sensory-motor approach for balance and gait rehabilitation in patients with neurological and cerebrovascular diseases. More high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed.



Author(s):  
Teresa Vilar Paredes ◽  
Octavian Postolache ◽  
Joao Monge ◽  
Pedro Silva Girao


2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 723-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peterhans J. van den Broek ◽  
Herman J.M. Cools ◽  
Mireille Wulf ◽  
Philo H.A.C. Das


2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. S84-S85
Author(s):  
B. Li ◽  
L. Truby ◽  
K. Fujita ◽  
S. Ikeda ◽  
S. Fukuhara ◽  
...  


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