scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL METHODS FOR STUDYING THE RESOURCE VALUE OF DUMP BLAST FURNACE SLAGS

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Vita Datsenko ◽  
Olena Shulichenko ◽  
Elina Khobotova
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Amorphous State ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Resource Value ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Potassium Sodium ◽  
Furnace Slag

The study of the properties of blast-furnace slags requires an integrated approach, including various research methods. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the resource value of the Zaporizhstal dump blast furnace slag. The research methods were used: X-ray phase, petrographic, gamma-spectrometric analysis and electron probe microanalysis. The slag is dispersed into fractions, since the slag minerals have different hardness. Fractions (mm) were investigated in the work: >20 2.5–5, <0.63. X-ray phase analysis made it possible to reveal in the crystalline part of blast-furnace slag minerals that are technically valuable in the production of binders: 3CaO∙2SiO2, SiO2, 2CaO∙Al2O3∙SiO2, α-2CaO∙SiO2, 2CaO∙MgO∙2SiO2, α-CaO∙SiO2. Minerals akermanite, bredigite, pseudo-wollastonite have hydraulic activity. It is shown that the mass fraction of the amorphous component is half the mass of the blast furnace slag. The high content of substances in the amorphous state confirms the possibility of sorption of extraneous ions and compounds. The found elements Potassium, Sodium, Sulfur, Chlorine, Cuprum and Titanium are not part of the minerals. Slag contains less than 1% of the total amount of Fe, Ti and Cu, belonging to the 3rd class of hazardous substances. The maximum content of Potassium, Sodium and Titanium is typical for the fraction 2.5–5 mm. The most basic is the fraction <0.63 mm (pH 9.7), for the 2.5–5  mm fraction pH 9.1, the most acidic fraction >20 (pH 8.2). By the value of the toxicity index (4.3–5.4) and the III hazard class, dump blast furnace slag «Zaporizhstal» as a moderately hazardous waste can be used as a secondary raw material in the construction industry. The database on the content of natural radionuclides in technogenic raw materials has been updated. It has been proven that slag and its individual fractions contain natural radionuclides 40К, 226Ra, 232Th. The main contribution to the value of Сef is made by the 226Ra radionuclide, then by 232Th. The excess of specific activity is expressed for the 2.5–5 mm fraction. The I class of radiation hazard is defined, which allows the use of slag in construction without restrictions. Dump blast furnace slag «Zaporizhstal can be recommended in the production of inorganic binders « by the totality of chemical indicators.

scholarly journals The Effects of Temperature on the Hydrothermal Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite-Zeolite Using Blast Furnace Slag

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2131 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.U. Ryu ◽  
G.M. Kim ◽  
Hammad R. Khalid ◽  
H.K. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Type Zeolite ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Furnace Slag

Blast furnace slag, an industrial by-product, is emerging as a potential raw material to synthesize hydroxyapatite and zeolite. In this study, the effects of temperature on the hydrothermal synthesis of hydroxyapatite-zeolite from blast furnace slag were investigated. Specimens were synthesized at different temperatures (room temperature, 50, 90, 120, or 150 °C). The synthesized specimens were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), BET/BJH, and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive using X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX). It was found that the hydroxyapatite phase was synthesized at all the reaction temperatures, while faujasite type zeolite appeared in the specimens synthesized at 90 and 120 °C. Moreover, faujasite was replaced by hydroxysodalite in the specimens synthesized at 150 °C. Additionally, the crystals of the hydroxyapatite tended to become larger and total crystallinity increased as the reaction temperature increased.

Microanalytical studies (X-ray photoelectron spectrometry) of surface hydration reactions of cement compounds

1983 ◽  
Vol 310 (1511) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Hydration Time ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tentative Interpretation ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Cement Compounds

X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (X.p.s.) measures the kinetic energy of electrons photoejected from a solid surface by soft X-rays. The kinetic energy of the photoelectrons can be related to the binding energy that these electrons had originally in the solid. X.p.s. is a rather new technique for studying cements. It has been used recently in the surface analysis of C 3 S, C 2 S, C 3 A and blast-furnace slag grains during their hydration. Changes in chemical composition have been found as soon as the surface comes into contact with water, shown by a change in the shape, position an intensity of characteristic peaks like Ca 2p , Si 2p , O l8 and a reduction of characteristic ratios Ca/Si or Al/Si. A tentative interpretation of X.p.s. kinetic curves as a function of hydration time is presented.

Development and Characterization of Cementing Composites with Blast Furnace Slag Replacement

2014 ◽  
Vol 976 ◽  
pp. 246-250
Author(s):  
Reyna Sánchez-Ramírez ◽  
Manuela Diaz-Cruz ◽  
Sebastían Díaz de La Torre ◽  
Enrique Rocha-Rangel
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Isothermal Calorimetry ◽  
Oil Wells ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydration Kinetics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Furnace Slag

In this work, they were produced and characterized cementing composites made with blast furnace slag replacement, for their use in the construction of oil wells. To this, slurries were prepared with a replacement of 20 and 30% slag, as well as a slurry with 100 % slag and a slurry with 100% H-cement were prepared. Starting materials were characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction and Fourier Transformed Infra Red. Slurries also were activated with sodium silicate in order to study theirs hydration kinetics, driving by isothermal calorimetry. These studies were complemented by the preparation of specimens of 4 X 4 X 16 cm to which they determine its compressive and bending strength during 2 and 28 days of curing. From the results it can be concluded that it was obtained a product that can be effectively used in the construction of oil wells.

Effect of Oxidation on Phase Transformation in Ti-Bearing Blast Furnace Slag

2013 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Zhang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Nai Xiang Feng
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Glass Phase ◽  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Rutile Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract. Effect of oxidation on phase transformation in Ti-bearing blast furnace slag is studied. The slag is analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), EDX and metallographic microscope. The experiment results indelicate that the phase composition of the oxidized slag is simpler which are only rutile and glass phase. The titanaugite, Ti-rich diopside and perovskite phase are vanished and most of the Ti components were enriched in the rutile phase.

Influence of SiO2/Al2O3 Content on Structure and Hydration Activity of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag

2014 ◽  
Vol 633 ◽  
pp. 240-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Ping Cui ◽  
Ling Ling Liu ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Ya Li Wang ◽  
Jian Feng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

Granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) is a by-product of manufacturing iron. Samples of GBFS with different ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 were prepared by simulating the actual process of GBFS in laboratory. This study investigated the influence of SiO2/Al2O3 content on structure and hydration activity of GBFS which were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared radiation (IR) and mechanical testing. It is found that the vitreous content of each sample is above 97% and the hydration activity indexes of 7d and 28d of samples significantly decrease with the increase of SiO2/Al2O3 ratio. The IR characteristic absorption spectrum shows that the silicates mainly exist in [SiO4]-tetrahedra and the aluminum atoms are in different coordination states and the bonding strengths rise with the increase of SiO2/Al2O3 ratio.

scholarly journals Autogenous Deformation of Alkali-Activated Blast Furnace Slag Concrete Subjected to Variable Curing Temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Orosz ◽  
Abeer Humad ◽  
Hans Hedlund ◽  
Andrzej Cwirzen
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Activated Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Alkali Activated

Deformations of alkali-activated slag concrete (AASC) with high MgO and Al2O3 content, subjected to variable curing temperature were studied. Sodium silicate and sodium carbonate were used as alkali activators. The obtained results showed development of deformations consisting of both shrinkage and expansion. Shrinkage appeared not to be affected by the activator type, while the expansion developed after the cooling down phase in stabilized isothermal conditions and did not stop within the duration of the tests. X-ray diffraction analysis performed shortly after the cooling down phase indicated the formation of crystalline hydrotalcite, which was associated with the observed expansion. A mixture with a higher amount of sodium silicate showed less expansion, likely due to the accelerated hydration and geopolymerization leading to the increased stiffness of the binder matrix.

The Occurrence of Special Components in Blast Furnace Slag of Baotou Iron and Steel Company

2012 ◽  
Vol 220-223 ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Guo Ping Luo ◽  
Yan Ban ◽  
Yi Ci Wang ◽  
Wen Wu Yu ◽  
Qi Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Aluminum Silicate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Silicate Mineral ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Furnace Slag

The mineral composition of the solidified blast furnace slag and the occurrence of special components CaF2, K2O, Na2O, RexOy and ThO2 were researched by optical microscope analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis. The results showed that the major minerals in solidified furnace slag are akermanite and gehlenite; the special component CaF2 is not hosted in the cuspidine (3CaO•2SiO2•CaF2), but in the magnesium and aluminum silicate mineral; the special components K2O，Na2O is hosted in akermanite, magnesium and aluminum silicate mineral and perovskite; the element thorium cannot form an independent mineral, but coexist with the rare earth element Ce in the perovskite. The results will lay a foundation for further study on the influence of these special components on the crystallization behavior of glass-ceramics.

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