scholarly journals Analysis of the stability of automatic tracking of super maneuvering air objects by radio technical tracking systems of the multichannel radar

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
Oleh Strutsinsky ◽  
Volodymyr Karlov ◽  
Andrii Kovalchuk ◽  
Mykola Barkhudaryan ◽  
Viktor Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Observation Model ◽  
External Influence ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Target Movement ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Angular Coordinates ◽  
Measurement Period

Multichannel tracking radars with phased antenna arrays are widely used to track air targets. The use of a phased array in combination with digital computing technology allows to control the radar radiation pattern and track several targets in the time distribution mode. Air target tracking in a multichannel radar is provided by subsystems for measuring range, radial velocity and angular coordinates, in most cases, without adaptation to the external influence characteristics. When tracking supermaneuverable air targets, such as 5th and so-called 4++ generation fighters, there is a decrease in the accuracy and stability of tracking relative to the area without maneuver. If the tracking system algorithms are tuned to a low intensity of maneuvering or its absence, a significant increase in the error of tracking the aircraft in the maneuvering section will lead to disruption of auto tracking due to a significant dynamic component of the error. The stability of auto-tracking of maneuvering targets by subsystems of range, radial velocity, and angular coordinates with fixed parameters for the case when the setting of the parameters of the tracking system algorithms coincide with the characteristics of the external influence is analyzes in the paper. The influence of the observation model parameters, the stochastic model of the target movement with exponentially correlated values of the target acceleration, and the measurement period of the target coordinates on the potential tracking accuracy by radio technical tracking systems of the multichannel radar is investigated. To assess the stability of auto-tracking, it is proposed to use the equivalent aperture size of the discriminating characteristic. The influence of the parameters of the target movement stochastic model, the observation model, and the measurement period of the target coordinates on the stability of auto-tracking in terms of range, radial velocity, and angular coordinates is estimated. It is shown that the "weak link" is the radial velocity tracking system. As a result of the research carried out, it becomes possible to further assess the feasibility of adapting the auto-tracking systems to the target maneuvering characteristics and to develop recommendations for choosing the measurement period of the target coordinates.

scholarly journals Stability Analysis of Multi-Agent Tracking Systems with Quasi-Cyclic Switching Topologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8889
Author(s):  
Dongyu Fan ◽  
Haikuo Shen ◽  
Lijing Dong
Keyword(s):  
Tracking System ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Multi Agent Systems ◽  
Piecewise Constant ◽  
Switching Topologies ◽  
Unstable Subsystems ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Unstable Subsystem ◽  
The Stability

In this paper, the stability problem of a class of multi-agent tracking systems with quasi-cyclic switching topologies is investigated. The existing results of systems with switching topologies are usually achieved based on the assumption that the piecewise constant communication topologies are connected and the switchings are cyclic. The communication topologies are possible to be unconnected and it is difficult to guarantee the topologies switch circularly. The piecewise unconnected topology makes the interactive multi-agent tracking system to be an unstable subsystem over this time interval. In order to relax the assumption constraint, a quasi-cyclic method is proposed, which allows the topologies of multi-agent systems to switch in a less conservative way. Moreover, the stability of the tracking system with the existence of unstable subsystems is analyzed based on switched control theory. It is obtained that the convergence rate is affected by the maximum dwell time of unstable subsystems. Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.

scholarly journals The stability of the MEMS 2D mirror's operating point in terms of eye tracking systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Mateusz Pomianek ◽  
Marek Piszczek ◽  
Marcin Maciejewski ◽  
Piotr Krukowski
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Head Tracking ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Gaze Tracking ◽  
Pupil Detection ◽  
The Stability

This paper describes research on the stability of the MEMS mirror for use in eye tracking systems. MEMS mirrors are the main element in scanning methods (which is one of the methods of eye tracking). Due to changes in the mirror pitch, the system can scan the area of the eye with a laser and collect the signal reflected. However, this method works on the assumption that the inclinations are constant in each period. The instability of this causes errors. The aim of this work is to examine the error level caused by pitch instability at different points of work. Full Text: PDF ReferencesW. Fuhl, M. Tonsen, A. Bulling, and E. Kasneci, "Pupil detection for head-mounted eye tracking in the wild: an evaluation of the state of the art," Mach. Vis. Appl., vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 1275-1288, 2016, CrossRef X. Wang, S. Koch, K. Holmqvist, and M. Alexa, "Tracking the gaze on objects in 3D," ACM Trans. Graph., vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 1-18, Dec. 2018 CrossRef X. Xiong and H. Xie, "MEMS dual-mode electrostatically actuated micromirror," Proc. 2014 Zo. 1 Conf. Am. Soc. Eng. Educ. - "Engineering Educ. Ind. Involv. Interdiscip. Trends", ASEE Zo. 1 2014, no. Dmd, 2014 CrossRef E. Pengwang, K. Rabenorosoa, M. Rakotondrabe, and N. Andreff, "Scanning micromirror platform based on MEMS technology for medical application," Micromachines, vol. 7, no. 2, 2016 CrossRef J. P. Giannini, A. G. York, and H. Shroff, "Anticipating, measuring, and minimizing MEMS mirror scan error to improve laser scanning microscopy's speed and accuracy," PLoS One, vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 1-14, 2017 CrossRef C. Hennessey, B. Noureddin, and P. Lawrence, "A single camera eye-gaze tracking system with free head motion," Eye Track. Res. Appl. Symp., vol. 2005, no. March, pp. 87-94, 2005 CrossRef C. H. Morimoto and M. R. M. Mimica, "Eye gaze tracking techniques for interactive applications," Comput. Vis. Image Underst., vol. 98, no. 1, pp. 4-24, Apr. 2005 CrossRef S. T. S. Holmström, U. Baran, and H. Urey, "MEMS laser scanners: A review," J. Microelectromechanical Syst., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 259-275, 2014 CrossRef C. W. Cho, "Gaze Detection by Wearable Eye-Tracking and NIR LED-Based Head-Tracking Device Based on SVR," ETRI J., vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 542-552, Aug. 2012 CrossRef T. Santini, W. Fuhl, and E. Kasneci, "PuRe: Robust pupil detection for real-time pervasive eye tracking," Comput. Vis. Image Underst., vol. 170, pp. 40-50, May 2018 CrossRef O. Solgaard, A. A. Godil, R. T. Howe, L. P. Lee, Y. A. Peter, and H. Zappe, "Optical MEMS: From micromirrors to complex systems," J. Microelectromechanical Syst., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 517-538, 2014 CrossRef J. Wang, G. Zhang, and Z. You, "UKF-based MEMS micromirror angle estimation for LiDAR," J. Micromechanics Microengineering, vol. 29, no. 3, 201 CrossRef

GPS and GSM Based Tracking System for Objects Moving over Wide Geographical Areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Ameen ◽  
Ziad Mohammed ◽  
Abdulrahman Siddiq
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Acceptable Result ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Tracking Objects

Tracking systems of moving objects provide a useful means to better control, manage and secure them. Tracking systems are used in different scales of applications such as indoors, outdoors and even used to track vehicles, ships and air planes moving over the globe. This paper presents the design and implementation of a system for tracking objects moving over a wide geographical area. The system depends on the Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) technologies without requiring the Internet service. The implemented system uses the freely available GPS service to determine the position of the moving objects. The tests of the implemented system in different regions and conditions show that the maximum uncertainty in the obtained positions is a circle with radius of about 16 m, which is an acceptable result for tracking the movement of objects in wide and open environments.

scholarly journals Using Synthetic Data to Improve and Evaluate the Tracking Performance of Construction Workers on Site

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4948
Author(s):  
Marcel Neuhausen ◽  
Patrick Herbers ◽  
Markus König
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Virtual Construction ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Video Frames ◽  
Graphics Software

Vision-based tracking systems enable the optimization of the productivity and safety management on construction sites by monitoring the workers’ movements. However, training and evaluation of such a system requires a vast amount of data. Sufficient datasets rarely exist for this purpose. We investigate the use of synthetic data to overcome this issue. Using 3D computer graphics software, we model virtual construction site scenarios. These are rendered for the use as a synthetic dataset which augments a self-recorded real world dataset. Our approach is verified by means of a tracking system. For this, we train a YOLOv3 detector identifying pedestrian workers. Kalman filtering is applied to the detections to track them over consecutive video frames. First, the detector’s performance is examined when using synthetic data of various environmental conditions for training. Second, we compare the evaluation results of our tracking system on real world and synthetic scenarios. With an increase of about 7.5 percentage points in mean average precision, our findings show that a synthetic extension is beneficial for otherwise small datasets. The similarity of synthetic and real world results allow for the conclusion that 3D scenes are an alternative to evaluate vision-based tracking systems on hazardous scenes without exposing workers to risks.

scholarly journals Slit Wall Effect on the Stability of Wavy Vortex Flow

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 853069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Liu ◽  
Ying-ze Wang ◽  
Hyoung-Bum Kim ◽  
Fang-neng Zhu ◽  
Chun-lin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Flow Regime ◽  
Experimental Measurement ◽  
Vortex Flow ◽  
Wall Effect ◽  
Taylor Vortices ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Stability

The wavy vortex flow in the plain model was studied by experimental measurement; the preliminary feature of wavy vortex flow was obtained. This flow field in the plain model was also studied by numerical simulation. The reliability of numerical simulation was verified by comparing with the experimental and numerical simulation results. To study the slit wall effect on the wavy vortex flow regime, another two models with different slit number were considered; the slit number was 6 and 12. By comparing the wavy vortex flow field in different models, the axial fluctuation of Taylor vortices was found to be different, which was increased with the increasing of slit number. The maximum radial velocity from the inner cylinder to the outer one in the 6-slit number was increased by 12.7% compared to that of plain model. From the results of different circumferential position in the same slit model, it can be found that the maximum radial velocity in slit plane is significantly greater than that in other planes. The size of Taylor vortices in different models was also calculated, which was found to be increased in the 6-slit model but was not changed as the slit number increased further.

scholarly journals The fiber-fed spectrograph, a tool to detect planets

1999 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Queloz ◽  
M. Casse ◽  
M. Mayor
Keyword(s):  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Precision Measurements ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
Calibration Technique ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Very High

AbstractThe use of fibers to feed spectrographs is a very efficient way to increase the precision of radial velocity measurements. It has already proved to be successful with the very first detection by the ELODIE fiber-fed spectrograph of the planet orbiting the star 51 Peg. The basic key properties of fibers in the very high radial velocity precision measurements context are described in this review. The ELODIE spectrograph is used to illustrate the thorium simultaneous calibration technique. The use and the effects of a double-scrambler to increase the stability of the slit illumination are also discussed.

The Effects of Main-Flow Radial Velocity on the Stability of Developing Laminar Pipe Flow

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. T. Shen ◽  
T. S. Chen ◽  
L. M. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Main Flow ◽  
Integration Scheme ◽  
Neutral Stability ◽  
Radial Velocity Component ◽  
Numerical Integration Scheme ◽  
Critical Reynolds Numbers ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Direct Numerical Integration ◽  
Sommerfeld Equation

In studying the stability due to axisymmetric disturbances of the developing flow of an incompressible fluid in the entrance region of a circular tube, a generalized version of the Orr-Sommerfeld equation was derived which takes account of the radial velocity component in the main flow. The new terms in the generalized Orr-Sommerfeld equation are inversely proportional to the Reynolds number. The resulting eigenvalue problem consisting of the disturbance equation and the boundary conditions was solved by a direct numerical integration scheme along with an iteration procedure. Neutral stability curves and critical Reynolds numbers at various axial locations are presented. A comparison of the present results with those from the conventional Orr-Sommerfeld equation in which the effect of the main-flow radial velocity is neglected, shows that inclusion of the radial velocity contributes to a destabilization of the main flow.

Chain Tracking System for Solar Thermal Collector

2014 ◽  
Vol 658 ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Ciobanu ◽  
Codruta Jaliu ◽  
Radu Saulescu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Linear Actuator ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
New Variant

The use of renewable energy sources represents a continuous concern for the researchers around the world. The main source of renewable energy, the sun can be used for producing hot water / heating or electric energy, by means of solar collectors. The concentrating solar collectors contain tracking systems for orientation on one or two axes. The tracking system for the elevation motion has to ensure a reduced angular stroke. The mechanism that is usually included in the system structure is of linkage type, being driven by a linear actuator. The mechanism has the advantages of low complexity and reduced cost. In the case of diurnal motion, the angular stroke is larger, being usually obtained with gears or chain drives. The actuation is achieved by motor-reducers with high transmission ratios and costs. In order to reduce the costs, mechanisms containing linkages driven by linear actuators are proposed in literature. These tracking systems have the disadvantage of large overall dimensions. To reduce this disadvantage, the paper proposes a new variant of chain tracking system driven by a linear actuator. Then the proposed tracking system is structurally optimized, process that generates 6 new variants of mechanisms. These solutions eliminate the problems created by the hyperstatical constraints and avoid blocking in case of assembling errors.

scholarly journals Modelling and design of a two axis small scale solar tracking system for an ecological small scale house model

2018 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Philippe Dondon ◽  
Pascal Gauterie ◽  
Renaud Charlet
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Mathematical Description ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Power Ratio ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Behaviour Modelling ◽  
Solar Tracking

Nowadays power generation is one of the greatest challenges of humanity in the framework of Sustainable Development. For example, as it is globally accepted sun tracking systems allows improvement of solar panel power ratio. In order to illustrate this concept, this paper presents the design and a behaviour modelling of a two axis small scale system for future didactical applications. The principle of tracking is described. Mathematical description is done and a mixed SPICE modelling of the system, including geometrical, optical, electronic linear and non-linear aspects is built. Simulations results are analysed. Practical mechanical and electronic designs are detailed, before conclusion. This small scale solar tracking system is now installed in a eco-friendly small scale house model.

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