scholarly journals THE BONE MICROSTRUCTURE IDENTIFICATION MODEL BASED ON BACKSCATTER MODE OF ULTRASOUND

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Umiatin Umiatin ◽  
Tora Oktaviana ◽  
Endang Wijaya ◽  
Riandini Riandini ◽  
Farhan Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Microstructure ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Digital Oscilloscope ◽  
The Us ◽  
Bone Assessment ◽  
Coupling Medium ◽  
Transducer Frequency

Osteoporosis is defined by a decrease in bone mass and a deterioration in bone microstructure. It is a major public health issue and a significant economic burden for both individuals and society. Thus, monitoring bone mass and structure is necessary to prevent bone fragility and osteoporosis. This study aimed to develop a prototype of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and to evaluate the feasibility of backscatter mode for the bone assessment. Ultrasound (US) signals that propagate through the bone can be characterized by comparing the signal from both transmitter and receiver transducers. The US backscattered signal depends on the characteristic of both medium and transducer. In this study, we analyzed the attenuated signal based on the parameters: type of bone (compact and spongy), type of coupling medium (air, starch, and gel), the angle between transducers and bone (30o, 60o, and 90o), and transducer distance (0, 10, 5, 15, 20 and 25 cm). We use only 1 MHz transducer frequency. The prototype has been evaluated by Digital Oscilloscope and LabVIEW user interface to observe received signals. The results of this study showed that there was a difference in amplitude of the US signal from compact and spongy bones. The amplitude is directly proportional to acoustic impedance and inversely proportional to the distance between transducers. There is a negative correlation between bone microstructure to attenuation, and compact bones have a greater attenuation coefficient than spongy bones.

scholarly journals WHO World Report on Hearing: Implications for the United States and the WHO Decade of Healthy Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 807-807
Author(s):  
Carrie Nieman
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
World Report

Abstract The past 5 years have seen incredible advances in approaching hearing loss as a major public health issue. National efforts include the 2015 President’ Council of Advisors on Science and Technology and the National Academies of Science, Engineering, & Medicine’s 2016 Commission on Hearing Health Care for Adults, which led to the 2017 OTC hearing aid legislation and the expected debut of OTC hearing aids in 2020-2021. The World Report on Hearing amplifies these efforts. This presentation will cover the role of the Report in the context of the rapidly evolving hearing care landscape in the US and how the Report’s call for affordable, accessible hearing care fit within current national efforts focused on older adults. Finally, the WHO recognized 2020-2030 as the Decade of Healthy Aging. We will discuss how the World Report on Hearing integrates with broader efforts to support healthy aging locally and globally.

scholarly journals Physiological Dysregulation and Aging: Implications for Health Equity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 859-860
Author(s):  
Sarah Forrester ◽  
Catarina Kiefe ◽  
Roland Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Health Equity ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Physiological Dysregulation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Aging Populations

Abstract Social determinants of health (SDOH) are a major public health issue that affect the magnitude and prognosis of many diseases in the U.S., including cardiovascular disease and cognitive disorders of aging. These associations are especially deleterious among minority persons in the US due to consistently unfavorable social determinants in this population including socioeconomic position, residential segregation, and quality of education. Physiological dysregulation measures the “true global state” of an individual that includes, but goes beyond, chronological age, reflects the health burden produced, in part, by SDOH, and is associated with the development and prognosis of disease. A better understanding of how and when physiological dysregulation occurs may allow us to prevent or reverse dysregulation among the most vulnerable aging populations leading to improved health equity in cardiovascular and cognitive outcomes.

Is the firearm epidemic in the US getting worse?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Tedesco ◽  
K Y C Adja ◽  
F Rallo ◽  
C Reno ◽  
M P Fantini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
National Level ◽  
Gun Violence ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Western World ◽  
Diagnostic Code ◽  
The Us ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
Annual Decline

Abstract Background The US is the least regulated firearm market in the Western world and firearm violence is a major public health issue. Firearms account for 40,000 deaths in the US annually, which is higher than other high-income countries. Although most of the gun-related deaths in the US are the result of suicide attempts and self-inflicted injuries, nearly 40% of them come from accidents, assaults, or police intervention. Methods We measured the number of non-self-inflicted firearm-related ED visits, by including patients discharged with diagnostic ICD-9-CM (ICD-10 for 2016) codes of accidents, assaults or legal intervention resulting in firearm injuries between 2006-2016. We used data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUPnet). From the CDC Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research we obtained data on non-suicidal firearm-related deaths over the period 2006-2017. To identify the cause of death we used the ICD-10 codes. Temporal changes of rates of ED visits and deaths were evaluated using Joinpoint Software. Results In 2006 there were a total of 79,998 ED visits with a diagnostic code of firearm-related injury, and this number showed a non-significant 2.7% annual decline between 2006-2013 (p = 0.06) followed by a significant 19.4% annual increase between 2013-2016 (p < 0.05), resulting in 111.305 visits in 2016. The number of non-suicidal firearm-related deaths showed a significant 2.2% annual decline between 2006-2014 (p < 0.05), followed by a significant 10.3% APC (p < 0.05) between 2014-2017. Conclusions Data showed steady rates until 2013 and a striking increasing trend starting from 2013. Firearm-related deaths followed the same trends. Our data show that in the last four detectable years there has been a new concerning wave of gun violence and consequently a higher number of fatalities. Analysis limitations: we used national-level aggregate data and coding accuracy may be not consistent nationwide. Key messages In the last four detectable years there has been a new concerning wave of gun violence and consequently a higher number of fatalities nationwide. The US firearm related deaths epidemic urges for new policies and preventive measures, such as stricter background checks and restrictions on guns ownership.

scholarly journals Chronic Hepatitis C: An Overview of Evidence on Epidemiology and Management from a Brazilian Perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Castro ◽  
Hugo Perazzo ◽  
Beatriz Grinsztejn ◽  
Valdilea G. Veloso ◽  
Chris Hyde
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Advanced Fibrosis ◽  
Noninvasive Methods ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis

Chronic hepatitis C remains one of the main causes of chronic liver disease worldwide and presents a variable natural history ranging from minimal changes to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis and its complications, such as development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Approximately, 1.45 million people are estimated to be infected by HCV in Brazil representing a major public health issue. The aim of this paper was to review the epidemiology and management of chronic hepatitis C from a Brazilian perspective. The management of chronic hepatitis C has been challenged by the use of noninvasive methods to stage liver fibrosis as an alternative to liver biopsy and the high cost of new interferon-free antiviral treatments. Moreover, the need of cost-effectiveness analysis in hepatitis C and the recent changes in treatment protocols were discussed.

Seroprevalence of the hepatitis E virus antibodies among blood donors in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bader Y Alhatlani ◽  
Waleed A Aljabr ◽  
Mohammed S Almarzouqi ◽  
Sami M Alhatlani ◽  
Rayan N Alzunaydi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Major Public Health Issue

Aim: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) transmission through blood transfusion is a major public health issue worldwide. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HEV in blood donors in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Materials & methods: Serum samples (n = 1078) were collected from volunteer blood donors and tested for the presence of anti-HEV IgG and IgM by indirect ELISA. Results: The seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG among the blood donors was 5.7% overall. Anti-HEV IgG and IgM seropositivity were significantly higher in non-Saudi donors than in Saudi donors (22.1 vs 3 and 7.8 vs 0.2% for anti-HEV IgG and IgM, respectively). Conclusion: The seroprevalence of HEV among blood donors in the Qassim region was lower than previous estimates for other regions of the country and neighboring countries.

scholarly journals Dry eye researchers and their publications in Asia and Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuh Leong ◽  
Louis Tong
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Major Public Health Issue

Dry eye, a visually disabling disease that has been reported to be a major public health issue in many countries, is known to induce a significant decrease in quality of life. In this report, we aim to compile information on the investigators of dry eye that published most frequently in peer reviewed scientific journals and the publications in Asia and Europe.

scholarly journals Considerations on cervical anastomoses in postcaustic esophageal reconstruction

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (20) ◽  
pp. 215-223
Author(s):  
Irina Predescu ◽  
Dragos Predescu ◽  
Codrut Sarafoleanu ◽  
Silviu Constantinoiu
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Esophageal Reconstruction ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
General Surgeon ◽  
Cervical Anastomosis ◽  
Postoperative Complication Rate ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Surgical Methods

Abstract Background. The increased incidence of accidental or non-accidental ingestion of corrosive substances or drug compounds leading to postcaustic esophagitis represents a major public health issue. The treatment of postcaustic esophagitides is difficult and long lasting, calling for a complex team trained in this borderline pathology: gastroenterologist, general surgeon, otorhinolaryngologist, anesthesiologist, psychiatrist. In cases when preventive treatment has failed, the only effective therapy remains the surgical one. Material and methods. Our study involved an analysis of the cases treated and/or operated in the Department of General and Esophageal Surgery of the “Sfanta Maria” Hospital in Bucharest, between 1981-2014; respectively 195 patients who benefited from reconstructive esophageal interventions. Of the selected patients, 191 were operated for corrosive pathology produced by ingestion of caustic soda and only four cases by ingestion of acids. The lesion balance showed that, besides the esophagus, the oropharynx (28 patients), the larynx (7 patients) and the stomach (31 patients) had been affected by the corrosion process, requiring particular surgical solutions. The bypass reconstruction (preserving the esophagus) was the standard treatment, esophagectomy having been performed in only 4 patients. Results. The main remote postoperative complaint was feeding inability, a consequence of various causes: cervical anastomosis stenosis, motor dysfunctions of the graft or of the laryngopharyngeal complex, over-time alteration of the graft, technical vices or the degradation of intra-abdominal assemblies, traumatic injuries of the presternal substituent. Conclusion. One of the most important moments during the esophageal reconstruction surgery remains the duration of the cervical anastomosis, since the postoperative complication rate and the remote functional outcome depend on it. Minimizing postoperative risks and complications requires a complete mastery of surgical methods, of the small technical “artifices” and of the necessary therapeutic refinements adapted to each individual case.

scholarly journals Association between self-reported walking speed and calcaneal stiffness index in postmenopausal Japanese women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihito Tomita ◽  
Kazuhiko Arima ◽  
Satoshi Mizukami ◽  
Ritsu Tsujimoto ◽  
Shin-ya Kawashiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background; Osteoporosis and related fractures, a worldwide public health issue of growing concern, is characterized by compromised bone strength and an increased risk of fracture. Here we show an association between self-reported walking speed and bone mass among community-dwelling postmenopausal Japanese women aged 50 years and older.Design; Cross-sectional study.Setting and Participants; The survey population included 1008 postmenopausal women 50–92 years of age residing in rural communities.Methods; Self-reported walking speed was ascertained by asking the participants: “Is your walking speed faster than others of the same age and sex?” to which participants responded “yes (faster)” or “no (moderate/slower).” Calcaneal stiffness index was measured.Results; Women with a faster self-reported walking speed were younger and had a lower BMI, higher stiffness index, and higher grip strength than women with a slower walking speed. Multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for age, BMI, grip strength, comorbidity, current smoking, and alcohol drinking status showed a significant association between faster self-reported walking speed and higher calcaneal stiffness index (p < 0.001).Conclusions; Our findings suggest that questionnaires of walking speed may be useful for predicting bone mass and that a fast self-reported walking may benefit bone health in postmenopausal women.

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