scholarly journals Ambient and Elevated Ozone (O3) impacts on Potato Genotypes (Solanum tuberosum.L) over a high altitude Western Ghats location in Southern India

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 530
Author(s):  
V.S. Suganthy ◽  
C. Udayasoorian
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Variation Characteristics ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
The Impact

<div><p><em>Globally, next to CO<sub>2</sub> and Methane, raising levels of <strong>tropospheric ozone (O<sub>3</sub>), acts as a secondary pollutant and green house gas </strong>which is a silent threat as well as one of the biggest challenges for the decrease in agricultural production. The diurnal and seasonal variation characteristics of ambient ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) and its precursor NOx was investigated by their continuous measurements at ISRO-Climate Change Observatory situated in a high altitude Western Ghats location of Ooty. The impact of ambient  O<sub>3</sub> on the growth and yield characteristics of various potato genotypes were assessed by the calculated higher ozone exposure indices <strong>AOT40 and SUM60 </strong>than critical levels by showing<strong> “latent injury“ </strong>in the form of  yield reduction (4.56 - 25.5 %) in potato genotypes. The impact of three elevated O<sub>3 </sub>levels (100, 150 and 200 ppb for 4 hd<sup>-1</sup>) on ten potato genotypes was done by fumigation under controlled open–top chamber during its critical stage namely the tuber initiation stage resulted that Kufri Surya proved to be moderately resistant by recording the highest yield.</em></p></div>

Impacts of Elevated Ozone and Ozone protectanton Plant Growth, Nutrients, Biochemical and Yield properties of Turnip (Brassica rapa)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boomiraj Kovilpillai ◽  
Sethupathi Nedumaran ◽  
Sudhakaran Mani ◽  
Jayabalakrishnan Raja Mani ◽  
Sritharan Natarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Size Tuber ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Potassium

Abstract An experiment was conducted at woodhouse farm, Horticultural Research Station, Ooty, in the period of October 2017 to March 2018, to quantify the impact of elevated ozone and ozone protectants spray on plant growth, nutrients, biochemical and yield properties of turnip crop in a factorial completely randomized block design replicated thrice. The elevated ozone exposure significantly reduces the plant height, tuber size, tuber weight, Chlorophyll ‘a’, Chlorophyll ‘b’, Total chlorophyll, total nitrogen, total potassium, total Manganese, Iron, Zinc, Copper inturnip. Meanwhile, the elevated ozone exposure significantly increased the total phosphorous, catalase and peroxide activity inturnip. However, ozone protectants played a major role to nullify the tropospheric ozoneeffect on growth, physiology, development and yield of turnip and among them panchagavya performed well followed by neem oil and ascorbicacid.

scholarly journals Learning may help pollinators find their host plants in polluted landscapes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynn Cook ◽  
Alexander Haverkamp ◽  
Bill S. Hansson ◽  
T’ai Roulston ◽  
Manuel Lerdau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Nicotiana Alata ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Pollinating Insects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plant Pollinator ◽  
Ozone Levels

AbstractPollination strongly contributes to food production, and often relies on pollinating insects. However, atmospheric pollution may interfere with pollination by disrupting floral plumes that pollinators use to navigate to flowers.In this study, we examine the impacts of pollution-induced elevated ozone levels on the composition of a floral blend of Nicotiana alata and examine the response of innate and trained Manduca sexta to the ozone-altered blend.Ozone exposure altered the floral blend of N. alata, and disrupted the innate attraction of naïve M. sexta to the altered blend. However, associative learning can offset this disruption in attraction. Moths that were enticed with visual cues to an artificial flower emitting an ozonated blend learned to associate this blend with a nectar reward after just one rewarded experience. More importantly, moths that were rewarded while experiencing the unozonated floral blend of their host subsequently found the ozonated floral blend of the same host attractive, most likely due to experience-based reinforcement of ozone-insensitive cues in the blend.The attraction of moths to both unaltered and ozonated plumes is critical for tolerating polluted landscapes. At the host plant, where moths feed, floral emissions are relatively pure. As floral odors travel away from the host, however, they become degraded by pollution. Therefore, targeting the flower requires recognizing both conditions of the odor. The ability to generalize between the pure and ozone-altered scents may enable pollinators like M. sexta to maintain communication with their flowers and reduce the impact anthropogenic oxidants may have on plant-pollinator systems.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of Boron Improves the Growth and Yield in Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Shafiq AHMAD ◽  
Taqi RAZA ◽  
Shakeel IMRAN ◽  
Neal S. EASH ◽  
Nawab KHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Seed Index ◽  
The Impact

Crop productivity is limited by several environmental constraints. Among these, micronutrients availability to plants plays a key role in agricultural crops production. Boron is an important micronutrient for crops and it significantly aids in a grain setting. Soil applied boron become unavailable to plant due to fixation in soil sites and cause nutrients deficiency in plants, immature grain settings, and yield reduction. Thus, the aim of this work was to quantify the impact of the foliar application of boron gradients on the yield and growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Five treatments were studied, which included; T1= Control (0% B), T2 = 0.5% B, T3 = 1% B, T4 =1.5% B, and T5 =2% B. The results indicated that foliar application of B significantly increased the yield and growth traits in barley. However, 2% foliar application of B showed the highest value for all studied traits including; plant height (5.6%), number of tillers per plant (2.4%), spike length (32%), weight gain per spike (6.2%), seed index (6%), grain yield (10%), and biological yield (4%). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the foliar application of B at 2% can be used to improve the growth and yield in barley.

scholarly journals Rye Mulch Management Affects Short-term Indicators of Soil Quality in the Transition to Conservation Tillage for Cabbage

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 862-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren J. Mochizuki ◽  
Anusuya Rangarajan ◽  
Robin R. Bellinder ◽  
Harold M. van Es ◽  
Thomas Björkman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Penetrometer Resistance ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
The Impact

If benefits of conservation tillage can be quantified even in the transition year from conventional tillage, growers will more likely integrate practices that maintain or enhance soil quality and productivity. The management of surface residue is an important component of conservation tillage, especially in cool, rainy climates where vegetable growth and yield reductions have been observed when heavy residue is present. Cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), grown until flowering, was killed with glyphosate and was then cut and removed (stubble treatment) or rolled or chopped to form a surface mulch (mulched treatment) before transplanting cabbage. Rolled mulch increased soil wet aggregate stability by 4% and reduced soil penetrometer resistance by up to 0.5 MPa compared with rye stubble treatments in 2003. In 2004, frequent rains saturated soils and may have accelerated the decomposition of chopped mulch, minimizing treatment effects. Rolled mulch reduced soil temperatures by up to 2 °C in 2003, but June transplanting of cabbage probably minimized the impact of soil temperature. Mulched treatments did not delay cabbage maturity or affect head quality characteristics such as color or uniformity. Although rolled mulch reduced cabbage growth by as much as 30% and yield by 21% in 2003, chopped mulch did not affect growth or yield in 2004. Yield reduction may be overcome by killing the rye relatively early in the spring or retaining only the surface stubble; these strategies may maintain or measurably improve soil quality even in the transition year to conservation tillage.

scholarly journals The impact of ozone exposure, temperature and CO2 on the growth and yield of three spring wheat varieties

2019 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 103868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie M.Ø. Hansen ◽  
Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen ◽  
Marie Launay ◽  
Paul Rose ◽  
Teis N. Mikkelsen
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Exposure Temperature ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Assessment of Physiological, Biochemical and Yield Attributes of Rice Cultivars under Elevated Ozone Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ramya Ambikapathi ◽  
◽  
Dhevagi Periyasamy ◽  
Maheswari M ◽  
Jayabalakrishnan R.M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
High Ozone Concentration ◽  
Ozone Stress ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The present study aimed to assess the response of 15 rice cultivars exposed to elevated ozone stress. The plants were exposed to 100 ppb ozone (10:00– 17:00 h) for 30 days at the reproductive stage. Elevated ozone significantly alters the physiological, biochemical, growth and yield traits of all test rice cultivars. Elevated ozone exposure significantly decreased photosynthetic rate maximally in MDU5 (42.90%) and TRY(R)2 showed maximum reduction in stomatal conductance (42.39%) and chlorophyll content (41.22%). In terms of yield traits, a decrease in tiller number, number of effective tillers, number of filled spikelets per panicle and 1000 grain weight over the control were also observed. The multivariate analysis with a total variance of 58.86% categorized the 15 rice cultivars into ozone sensitive (TRY(R) 2, ASD16, ADT(R)45 and MDU5), moderately ozone sensitive (ASD18, ADT43, Rice MDU6, ADT36 and ADT37), moderately ozone tolerant (ADT(R)48 CO47 and Rice CO51) and ozone tolerant (Rice TPS5, Anna(R)4 and PMK(R)3) under 100 ppb ozone. The present results revealed that the ozone tolerant rice cultivars would be recommended to cultivate in the regions experiencing high ozone concentration.

scholarly journals Hop Stunt Viroid: Effects on Vegetative Growth and Yield of Hop Cultivars, and Its Distribution in Central Washington State

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu Kappagantu ◽  
Mark E. Nelson ◽  
Jeff M. Bullock ◽  
Stephen T. Kenny ◽  
Kenneth C. Eastwell
Keyword(s):  
Washington State ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Stunt Viroid ◽  
Hop Stunt Viroid ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Parallel Pattern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Open Access Article

Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) is an economically important pathogen that reduces growth and yield of hops. Visual symptoms of infected hop are highly dependent on cultivar. A study was conducted using six cultivars of hop to determine the impact on yield. Average dry cone yields of infected ‘Glacier’, ‘Cascade’, and ‘Willamette’ were reduced by 62, 14, and 34%, respectively, relative to noninoculated healthy plants. No significant yield reduction was observed for ‘Nugget’, ‘Columbus’, and ‘Galena’. The α-acid and β-acid contents showed a parallel pattern. Horticultural parameters of Willamette and Nugget were measured in the final year of the study. Internode length, shoot length, and side-arm length were reduced by 29, 26, and 73%, respectively, for infected Willamette bines relative to noninfected bines; no effects were observed resulting from infection of Nugget. To understand the current potential impact of HSVd, a survey was conducted to determine its distribution in central Washington. The survey revealed that 17% of hop plants tested are infected. Hop yield and hop plant longevity will be significantly affected by this level of infection. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

Influence of long-term fertilization on soil microbial biomass and dehydrogenase activity in relation to crop productivity in an acid Inceptisols

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311
Author(s):  
Debasis Purohit ◽  
Mitali Mandal ◽  
Avisek Dash ◽  
Kumbha Karna Rout ◽  
Narayan Panda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
The Impact

An effective approach for improving nutrient use efficiency and crop productivity simultaneously through exploitation of biological potential for efficient acquisition and utilization of nutrients by crops is very much needed in this current era. Thus, an attempt is made here to investigate the impact of long term fertilization in the soil ecology in rice-rice cropping system in post kharif - 2015 in flooded tropical rice (Oryza sativa L.) in an acidic sandy soil. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with quadruplicated treatments. Soil samples at different growth stages of rice were collected from long term fertilizer experiment.The studied long-term manured treatments included 100 % N, 100% NP, 100 % NPK, 150 % NPK and 100 % NPK+FYM (5 t ha-1) and an unmanured control. Soil fertility status like SOC content and other available nutrient content has decreased continuously towards the crop growth period. Comparing the results of different treatments, it was found that the application of 100% NPK + FYM exhibited highest nutrient content in soils. With regards to microbial properties it was also observed that the amount of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen ( MBN) showed highest accumulation in 100 % NPK + FYM at maximum tillering stage of the rice. The results further reveal that dehydrogenase activity was maximum at panicle initiation stage and thereafter it decreases. Soil organic carbon content, MBC, MBN and dehydrogenase activity were significantly correlated with each other. Significant correlations were observed between rice yield and MBC at maturity stage( R2 = 0.94**) and panicle initiation stage( R2 = 0.92**) and available nitrogen content at maturity stage( R2 = 0.91**).

INFLUENCE OF GREENHOUSE SHADING AND DIFFERENT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ALLEVIATING HEAT STRESS, IMPROVING PLANT NUTRIENTS STATUS, FLOWERING GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1014
Author(s):  
Sulaiman & Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nutrition Programs ◽  
The Impact

The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons to evaluate the impact of the shading and various nutrition programs on mitigating heat stress, reducing the use of chemical minerals, improving the reproductive growth and yield of tomato plant. Split-plot within Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted in this study. Shading factor was allocated in the main plots and the nutrition programs distributed randomly in the subplots. Results indicate that shading resulted in the decrease of daytime temperature by 5.7˚C as an average for both seasons; thus a significant increasing was found in leaf contents of macro nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium), and micro nutrients (Iron, Zinc and Boron), except the Iron content in 2018 growing season. Furthermore, shading improved significantly the reproductive growth and tomato yield. Among the plant nutrition programs, the integrated nutrient management (INM) including the application of organic substances, bio inoculum of AMF and 50% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers; lead to the enhancement of nutrients content, reproductive characteristics and plant yield. Generally, combination of both shading and INM showed positive effects on plants nutrient status and persisting balance on tomato flowering growth and fruits yield.

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