scholarly journals Assessment of Physiological, Biochemical and Yield Attributes of Rice Cultivars under Elevated Ozone Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ramya Ambikapathi ◽  
◽  
Dhevagi Periyasamy ◽  
Maheswari M ◽  
Jayabalakrishnan R.M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
High Ozone Concentration ◽  
Ozone Stress ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The present study aimed to assess the response of 15 rice cultivars exposed to elevated ozone stress. The plants were exposed to 100 ppb ozone (10:00– 17:00 h) for 30 days at the reproductive stage. Elevated ozone significantly alters the physiological, biochemical, growth and yield traits of all test rice cultivars. Elevated ozone exposure significantly decreased photosynthetic rate maximally in MDU5 (42.90%) and TRY(R)2 showed maximum reduction in stomatal conductance (42.39%) and chlorophyll content (41.22%). In terms of yield traits, a decrease in tiller number, number of effective tillers, number of filled spikelets per panicle and 1000 grain weight over the control were also observed. The multivariate analysis with a total variance of 58.86% categorized the 15 rice cultivars into ozone sensitive (TRY(R) 2, ASD16, ADT(R)45 and MDU5), moderately ozone sensitive (ASD18, ADT43, Rice MDU6, ADT36 and ADT37), moderately ozone tolerant (ADT(R)48 CO47 and Rice CO51) and ozone tolerant (Rice TPS5, Anna(R)4 and PMK(R)3) under 100 ppb ozone. The present results revealed that the ozone tolerant rice cultivars would be recommended to cultivate in the regions experiencing high ozone concentration.

scholarly journals Response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars to elevated ozone stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambikapathi Ramya ◽  
Periyasamy Dhevagi ◽  
Sengottiyan Priyatharshini ◽  
R Saraswathi ◽  
S Avudainayagam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Spikelet Sterility ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Ozone Stress ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Abstract The current study aimed to evaluate the cultivar specific variation in rice exposed to elevated ozone. Fifteen short duration rice cultivars were exposed to 50 ppb ozone for 30 days at reproductive stage. The physiological, biochemical, growth and yield traits of all test cultivars were significantly affected in response to elevated ozone. On average, ozone stress decreased tiller number by 22.52%, number of effective tillers by 30.43%, 1000 grain weight by 0.62 % and straw weight by 23.83% over control. Spikelet sterility increased by 19.26% and linear multiregression 3D model significantly fits the spikelet sterility and photosynthetic traits with the R 2 of 0.74 under elevated ozone. Principal Component Analysis with total variance of 57.5% by first two principle components categorized 15 rice cultivars into four major groups, ie., ozone sensitive (MDU6, TRY(R)2 and ASD16), moderately ozone sensitive (ASD18, ADT43 and MDU5), moderately ozone tolerant (ADT37, ADT(R)45, TPS5, Anna(R)4, PMK(R)3 and ADT(R)48) and ozone tolerant (CO51, CO47 and ADT36).

scholarly journals Effect of sowing time on growth and yield attributes of three mustard cultivars grown in Tidal Floodplain of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
MAR Sharif ◽  
MZ Haque ◽  
MHK Howlader ◽  
MJ Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The experiment was conducted at the field laboratory of the Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh during the period from November, 2011 to March 2012 under the tidal Floodplain region to find out optimum sowing time for the selected three cultivars (BARI Sharisha-15, BINA Sharisha-5 and BARI Sharisha-9). There were four sowing dates viz. 30 November, 15 December, 30 December and 15 January. Significant variations due to different sowing dates were observed in plant height, total dry matter, leaf area index, number of siliqua plant-1, seeds silique-1, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and HI. Results showed that the highest grain yield (1.73 t ha-1) was obtained from the first sowing (30 November) with BINA Sharisha-5 and it was significantly different from the yields of all other combination.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(2): 155-160, December 2016

scholarly journals Estimating Yield Components, Limiting Factors, and Yield Gaps of Enset in Ethiopia Using Easily Measurable Above-Ground Plant Traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13255
Author(s):  
Zerihun Yemataw ◽  
Alemar Said ◽  
Tesfaye Dejene ◽  
Walter Ocimati ◽  
David Amwonya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Traits ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Allometric Models ◽  
Fiber Yield ◽  
Yield Gaps

The quantification of yield for different enset products has mainly been based on farmers’ estimates, which are often inaccurate. Several allometric models have been developed to overcome this challenge. Building on past work, the current study developed allometric models for enset fiber, kocho, and bula yield estimation. Enset yield limiting factors and associated yield gaps were also determined. In this study, above-ground growth and yield (kocho, bula, and fiber) traits of five-year-old plants of two widely grown enset landraces, ‘Unjame’ and ‘Siskela’, were assessed in farmers’ fields at three contrasting altitude sites. Except for bula, a minor yield component, correlation, and PCA analysis showed strong association between the above-ground and yield traits. Allometric equations based on the above-ground traits significantly (R2 = 25 to 68%) explained the variation in the yield traits. This study, for the first time, generated allometric models that can reliably estimate enset fiber yield. Leaf length, petiole length, and plant height are especially good for estimating fiber and kocho yields. The performance of models for bula were poor possibly due to the very low bula yields per plant. Soil chemical characteristics differently influenced enset yield attributes. For example, improving K supply can potentially enhance fiber yield. Higher yield gaps were observed for bula, with P accounting for the highest yield gaps across yield traits. Through careful targeting, the different yield attributes can thus be enhanced. This and previous studies clearly show that non-destructive enset plant assessments can provide solid information for quick and easy yield assessments for various traits during e.g., agronomic, germplasm evaluation, soil fertility enhancement, and intercropping trials.

scholarly journals Ambient and Elevated Ozone (O3) impacts on Potato Genotypes (Solanum tuberosum.L) over a high altitude Western Ghats location in Southern India

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 530
Author(s):  
V.S. Suganthy ◽  
C. Udayasoorian
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Variation Characteristics ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
The Impact

<div><p><em>Globally, next to CO<sub>2</sub> and Methane, raising levels of <strong>tropospheric ozone (O<sub>3</sub>), acts as a secondary pollutant and green house gas </strong>which is a silent threat as well as one of the biggest challenges for the decrease in agricultural production. The diurnal and seasonal variation characteristics of ambient ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) and its precursor NOx was investigated by their continuous measurements at ISRO-Climate Change Observatory situated in a high altitude Western Ghats location of Ooty. The impact of ambient  O<sub>3</sub> on the growth and yield characteristics of various potato genotypes were assessed by the calculated higher ozone exposure indices <strong>AOT40 and SUM60 </strong>than critical levels by showing<strong> “latent injury“ </strong>in the form of  yield reduction (4.56 - 25.5 %) in potato genotypes. The impact of three elevated O<sub>3 </sub>levels (100, 150 and 200 ppb for 4 hd<sup>-1</sup>) on ten potato genotypes was done by fumigation under controlled open–top chamber during its critical stage namely the tuber initiation stage resulted that Kufri Surya proved to be moderately resistant by recording the highest yield.</em></p></div>

Response of local rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars to recommended NPK fertilizer dose under upland rainfed conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noyingthung Kikon ◽  
Khroteü Riste ◽  
T. Ohain
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

The present investigation was conducted to study the growth and yield response of local rice cultivars to application of recommended dose of NPK fertilizers under upland rainfed conditions. It was found that the application of recommended NPK fertilizer dose (60:30:30 kg/ha) resulted in significantly superior expression of rice growth and yield attributes by the different cultivars recording increased grain yields up to 36.51 q/ha and straw yields of 60.96 q/ha. Among the 8 local rice cultivars tested signification variations in plant growth, yield and yield attributes were observed. However, the cultivar ‘Muntse’ was found to be the most adaptable rice variety recording the highest grain yield of 42.94 q/ha followed by ‘Temeseng’, ‘Leikhumo’ and ‘Chongloi Mann’. Application of recommended fertilizer dose (60:30:30 kg/ha) to the cultivar ‘Mumtse’ was found to record the highest gross return/ha (Rs.51,342), net return/ha (Rs. 30,169) as well as BCR (1.42) compared to the rest of the treatments tested.

scholarly journals Response of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) To Boron and Molybdenum Fertilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
A Hoque ◽  
MS Alam ◽  
S Khatun ◽  
M Salahin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of micronutrients on the growth and yield performance of chickpea. The experiment was consisted using two factors- variety and treatments. Two local cultivars viz. BARI Chola-5 and BARI Chola-9 and five treatments e.g. T0 = control, T1 = 2 kg B/ha, T2 = 2 kg Mo/ha, T3= seed priming with Mo (1g/l water), T4 = foliar spray of B (0.5 g/l water) + seed priming with Mo (1g/l water), and T5 = 2 kg B/ha + seed priming with Mo (1g/l water) were considered for this study. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was adopted with three replications. Significant variation was observed between the varieties and here the BARI Chola-9 produced the higher seed yield (2.47 ton/ ha). Treatment showed significant effect on the yield attributes and yield of chickpea. The highest plant height, number of branches/ plant, number of pods/ plant, nodule/ plant, number of effective pod/ plant, length of the pod, 1000-grain weight, seed yield, straw yield, biological yield was obtained from T4. The highest seed yield (2.68 ton/ ha) was recorded from BARI Chola-9 with foliar spray of boron and seed priming with Mo. The results indicated that foliar spray of B and seed priming with molybdenum can be beneficial in improving growth and yield of chickpea variety BARI Chola-9. J. Bio-Sci. 29(2): 43-51, 2021 (December)

scholarly journals Effects of different levels of soil moisture and indigenous organic amendments on the yield of boro rice grown under field condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Md Shiful Islam ◽  
Md Harunor Rashid Khan ◽  
Mohammed Sadid Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Mustard Meal ◽  
Moist Condition ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

A field study was conducted to determine the potentials of moist (70% soil moisture) and saturated (> 100% soil moisture) soil conditions and organic amendments of rice straw compost (RSC), mustard meal (MM) and trichocompost (TC) on the selected rice varieties of BR 3, local BRRI dhan 29 and BRRI dhan 74 in relation to the growth and yield attributes of rice varieties. The rates of amendments were 0, 4, 8 t/ha for RSC; 0, 3, 6 t/ha for MM and 0, 2.5, 5 t/ha for TC. The maximum grain yield of 8.71 t/ha was attained from the RSC4ML100 and 8.58 t/ha from RSC4ML70 treatments. The moist condition of soil had almost similar effects on the number of productive tillers, grain yield, number of filled and fissured grains, 1000-grain weight and harvest index as compared to saturated condition along with the doses of RSC, MM and TC. The RSC (4 t/ha) was the superior treatment with respect to the growth and yield components of rice followed by the treatments of TC (2.5 t/ha) and MM (3 t/ha), irrespective of rice varieties and moisture levels. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(1): 87-96, 2020 (January)

Effect of foliage cutting on growth and yield of different rice cultivars under semi-deepwater conditions (0–80 cm)

1994 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Sharma ◽  
R. N. De
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

SUMMARYIn 1990 and 1991, four rice cultivars – Utkalprabha, Panidhan, CN573–321–7–1 and Jaladhi–1 were sown in dry soil at the end of May and grown thereafter under semi-deepwater conditions (0–80 cm) at Cuttack, India. These crops were subjected to foliage cutting at the collar of the uppermost leaf on 1 September and/or on 1 October. The amount of foliage cut was greater in 1990 than in 1991 due to a relatively slower rise in water level in the initial stages of the experiments, which resulted in a more vigorous growth of the plants. The tall, rapidly elongating and floating deepwater cultivar Jaladhi–1 yielded the most foliage, followed by the relatively shorter cultivars CN573–321–7–1, Panidhan and Utkalprabha. However, the grain yield of CN573–321–7–1 was greatest and the effect of foliage cutting was least pronounced; whereas Jaladhi–1 gave the lowest grain yield which further decreased significantly when foliage was removed. Cutting in September had no effect on the yield of CN573–321–7–1, Panidhan and Utkalprabha, but the later cut in October had a detrimental effect, particularly when cutting was done a second time. Nevertheless, a single late cutting in October was not found to be harmful to the yield of the tall cultivar CN573–321–7–1 and the long-duration semitall Panidhan. Decrease in grain yield with two cuts of foliage was due to a reduction in the weight and number of grains/panicle as panicles/m2 and 1000-grain weight remained unaffected. The results suggest that foliage could be harvested for feeding cattle from the long-duration, tall and photosensitive rice cultivars without any adverse effect on grain yield under semi-deep lowland conditions.

scholarly journals Age-dependent increase in α-tocopherol and phytosterols in maize leaves exposed to elevated ozone pollution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Wedow ◽  
Charles H. Burroughs ◽  
Lorena Rios Acosta ◽  
Andrew D.B. Leakey ◽  
Elizabeth A. Ainsworth
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Hybrid Line ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Ozone Stress

AbstractTropospheric ozone is a major air pollutant that significantly damages crop production around the world. Crop metabolic responses to rising chronic ozone stress have not been well-studied in the field, especially in C4 crops. In this study, we investigated the metabolomic profile of leaves from two diverse maize (Zea mays) inbred lines and the hybrid cross during exposure to season-long elevated ozone (~100 nL L−1) in the field using free air concentration enrichment (FACE) to identify key biochemical responses of maize to elevated ozone. Senescence, measured by loss of chlorophyll content, was accelerated in the hybrid line, B73 x Mo17, but not in either inbred line (B73 or Mo17). Untargeted metabolomic profiling further revealed that inbred and hybrid lines of maize differed in metabolic responses to ozone. A significant difference in the metabolite profile of hybrid leaves exposed to elevated ozone occurred as leaves aged, but no age-dependent difference in leaf metabolite profiles between ozone conditions was measured in the inbred lines. Phytosterols and α-tocopherol levels increased in B73 x Mo17 leaves as they aged, and to a significantly greater degree in elevated ozone stress. These metabolites are involved in membrane stabilization and chloroplast reactive oxygen species (ROS) quenching. The hybrid line also showed significant yield loss at elevated ozone, which the inbred lines did not. This suggests that the hybrid maize line was more sensitive to ozone exposure than the inbred lines, and up-regulated metabolic pathways to stabilize membranes and quench ROS in response to chronic ozone stress.

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