scholarly journals Determination of Some Physical Properties of Dried Jujube Fruit

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Mansoureh Pourjafar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Glass Surface ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Jujube Fruit ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Length Width

<p>Some physical properties of Iranian Jujube fruit were evaluated. Jujube fruit samples mean values of length, width, thickness were found as 18.005mm, 14.96 mm, 15.26 mm. Arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter were found as 16.08mm, 16.01 respectively and surface area, Sphericity, porosity, mass, volume, bulk density and true density were also found as: 805.65 mm<sup>2</sup> ,89%, 77.2%, 1.45gr, 2.61 cm<sup>3</sup> , 0.23gr cm<sup>-3</sup>, 0.55gr cm<sup>-3</sup> respectively. Projected area perpendicular to length, width and thickness were measured as, 152.03 mm<sup>2</sup>, 220.02 mm<sup>2</sup>, 271.4mm<sup>2</sup> respectively. With comparison between friction coefficients on different surface for Jujube fruit. The results showed that the static coefficient of friction was more than dynamic coefficient of friction.The tests done on the galvanized steel surface, plywood and glass surface. The most coefficient of friction was found on the plywood surface and the least coefficient of friction was measured on the glass surface.</p>

scholarly journals Mechanical behaviour under compression loading and some physical parameters of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Polat ◽  
S. Tarhan ◽  
M. Çetin ◽  
U. Atay
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Rupture Force ◽  
Mean Diameter

Technical information and data on the physical and mechanical properties of agricultural and animal products are necessary to design various equipments for agriculture and industry. In this study some physical properties such as mass, length, diameter, geometric mean diameter, surface area, sphericity, volume, coefficient of friction and packaging coefficient were determined for Japanese quail eggs. Furthermore, the mechanical behaviour of Japanese quail eggs was determined in terms of average rupture force, deformation and toughness (energy absorbed by the Japanese quail eggs per unit volume). Egg samples were compressed along their <i>X</i> and <i>Z</i>-axes. The average values of their mass, length, width, shell thickness, geometric mean diameter, surface area, sphericity, volume and packaging coefficient were measured to be 12.69 g, 34.87 mm, 26.20 mm, 0.27 mm, 28.82 mm, 2 608.5 mm<sup>2</sup>, 1.10, 359.17 mm<sup>3</sup>, 0.469, respectively. The values of the coefficient of friction for quail eggs on the surfaces of plywood, glass, galvanized steel and fibreglass were 0.301, 0.282, 0.274 and 0.266, respectively. The highest rupture force, deformation and toughness were obtained when Japanese quail eggs were loaded along their X-axis. Compression along the <i>Z</i>-axis required the least compressive force to break the eggs as compared to the other compression axes. Rupture force, deformation, absorbed energy and toughness for the <i>X</i>-front axis were determined to be 10.51 N, 1.5 mm, 7.88 Nmm and 0.219 Mj/mm<sup>2</sup>, respectively.

Moisture Dependent Selected Engineering Properties of Deenanath Seeds in Relation to Development of Processing Machinery

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 250-261
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar Singh ◽  
Sheshrao Kautkar ◽  
P. K. Pathak ◽  
Bholuram Gurjar ◽  
Sunil Swami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
True Density ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Length Width

Propagation of grasses through seeds is important in view of vigour and germination. Various grasses as Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin., Cenchrus ciliaris L., Chrysopogan fulvus have lower vigour and germination, due to which they need specific operations as defluffing, separation of true seeds, cleaning and grading by specific machines. In designing a machine for a specific use, physical properties and their behaviour with moisture play an important role. A study was conducted to assess the effect of moisture content at five levels [6.88 - 19.23 %, (d.b.)] on selected physical properties of defluffed Deenanath grass seed. The length, width, thickness, arithmetic mean diameter, and geometric mean diameter of defluffed Deenanath seed increased from 2.30 mm to 2.56 mm, 0.71 mm to 0.96 mm, 0.47 mm to 0.63 mm, 1.16 mm to 1.38 mm, and 0.90 mm to 1.15 mm, respectively, with increase in moisture content 6.88 % to 19.23 %. Bulk density, true density, and porosity decreased from 652.16 kg.m-3 to 585.78 kg.m-3, 852.63 kg.m-3 to 792.71 kg.m-3, and 25.62 % to 24.97 %, respectively, with increase in moisture content from 6.88 % to 19.23 per cent. The aspect ratio, sphericity, surface area, volume, and thousand-seed mass of the seed were in the range of 30.91 - 37.51 %, 0.39 - 0.45, 2.58 - 3.23 mm2 , 3.71 - 4.97 mm3 , and 0.480 - 0.523 g, respectively. Linear relationships with correlation coefficients higher than 0.90 were observed for the physical properties over the experimental range of moisture content.

Some physical properties of ginkgo nuts and kernels

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.E. Ch'ng ◽  
M.H.R.O. Abdullah ◽  
E.J. Mathai ◽  
N.A. Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
True Density ◽  
Food Engineering ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Agriculture Products ◽  
Ratio Unit

Abstract Some data of the physical properties of ginkgo nuts at a moisture content of 45.53% (±2.07) (wet basis) and of their kernels at 60.13% (± 2.00) (wet basis) are presented in this paper. It consists of the estimation of the mean length, width, thickness, the geometric mean diameter, sphericity, aspect ratio, unit mass, surface area, volume, true density, bulk density, and porosity measures. The coefficient of static friction for nuts and kernels was determined by using plywood, glass, rubber, and galvanized steel sheet. The data are essential in the field of food engineering especially dealing with design and development of machines, and equipment for processing and handling agriculture products.

Selected Some Engineering Properties of Peanut and Its Kernel

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesut Dilmac ◽  
Ebubekir Altuntas
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Frictional Properties ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dynamic Coefficient Of Friction

Selected some engineering (geometric, volumetric and frictional) properties of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and its kernel were determined at a moisture content of 8.25% and 10.03% (dry basis), respectively. The mean values of length, width, thickness and geometric mean diameter were 40.73 mm, 17.52 mm , 15.61 mm, 22.46 mm for peanut, and 21.08 mm, 10.22 mm, 10.89 mm, 13.22 mm for its kernel, respectively. The sphericity, bulk and true densities, angle of repose, porosity, surface area, mass and volume values were obtained for peanut and its kernel, respectively. The mean values of static and dynamic coefficient of friction against galvanized steel, chipboard and plywood surfaces were determined. The maximum static and dynamic coefficients of friction were found for plywood and galvanized steel surfaces for peanut and its kernel, respectively.

scholarly journals Determination of the physical and mechanical properties of a potato (the Agria variety) in order to mechanise the harvesting and post-harvesting operations

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negar Ahangarnezhad ◽  
Gholamhassan Najafi ◽  
Ahmad Jahanbakhshi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Uniaxial Compression Test ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Mass Volume

Studying the physical and mechanical properties of agricultural products has been the subject of criticism and discussion for many years already and has attracted the attention of many researchers. The physical and mechanical properties of agriculture products are the most important parameters in the design of agricultural machinery sorting systems, transmissions, processing and packaging systems. The potato is one of the most important agricultural products as a food resource. The aim of this research is to investigate the physical properties and mechanical behaviour of the potato due to its importance and the current inadequate information about it. In this research, some of the physical and mechanical properties of the potato were measured in standard conditions. The length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter and arithmetical diameter, sphericity, surface area, aspect ratio, mass, volume, bulk density and the  projected mean area were included in the physical properties. The mechanical properties of the potato were determined by using a universal testing machine (MRT-5; Santam, Germany) with a uniaxial compression test. Then, the mechanical properties were measured with four repetitions. The physical properties of the potato such as length, width, thickness, mass, volume and geometric mean diameter had a direct relationship, while the density had an inverse relation to the size. The result of the mechanical properties of the sample, such as vertical stress, elasticity module, deformation energy, fracture force and deformation were obtained respectively as 0.34 MPa, 3.09 MPa, 892.02 J, 8.80 N and 207.22 mm. The comparison of the potato’s real volume with the standard shapes showed that the potato’s shape is similar to an oval due to the largest determination coefficient (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.86). The results of this research can be used for the design and optimisation of the processing equipment, as well as the transporting, sorting and packing of the potato crop.

Effect of irrigation and nutrient on physical properties of safflower seeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Maziar Feyzollahzadeh ◽  
Asaad ModaresMotlagh ◽  
Ali M. Nikbakht
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Dynamic Coefficient ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Mass Volume ◽  
Dynamic Coefficient Of Friction

Abstract The effect of irrigation and nutrient treatments on physical properties of safflower seeds was investigated. Physical properties of safflower seeds were determined at a moisture content of 7% w.b. The parameters determined at different treatments were: size, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area, mass, volume, bulk and true densities, porosity, and static and dynamic coefficient of friction. The results showed a better effect of the use of organic fertilizers in comparison with chemical ones. The results showed that nutrient and irrigation treatments had a significant effect on most of the physical properties of safflower seeds at p<0.01.

scholarly journals Impact of engineering properties of grass seeds in developing post-harvest operations and machineries

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-399
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar Singh ◽  
Sheshrao Kautkar ◽  
Amit Patil
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean

Engineering properties of grass seeds are most important for the development of post-harvest mechanization and operations. Therefore engineering properties of fluffy as well as true seeds were determined in view of its important in development of post-harvest mechanization. The mean values of length, width, thickness, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area, volume, thousands seed mass and bulk density of fluffy Deenanath grass seed were observed in the range of 5.23-7.17 mm, 2.10-3.44 mm, 1.17-2.49 mm, 3.07- 4.13 mm, 2.53- 3.69 mm,  41.01-60.13 %, 19.12-43.70 mm2, 3.70-18.24 mm3, 0.789-0.849 g and 7.41-7.89 kg/m3 respectively. However, for true seeds of Deenanath grass, the range of these values varied from 2.23-2.65 mm, 0.69-0.95 mm, 0.47-0.69 mm, 1.16-1.40 mm, 0.93-1.17 mm,  38.69-47.33 %, 2.67-4.31 mm2, 3.60-9.64 mm3, 0.468-0.488 g and 602.97-624.29 kg/m3 respectively moisture level of 9 % db. Determined properties of fluffy as well as true seeds of Deenanath would be utilized to develop threshing, cleaning, grading, seed storage and packaging operations and machineries.

Physical properties of kumquat fruit

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jaliliantabar ◽  
A.N. Lorestani ◽  
R. Gholami
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Rupture Force ◽  
Projected Area ◽  
Initial Rupture ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Mass Volume

Abstract Some physical properties of kumquat were investigated. Physical properties which were measured included fruit dimensions, mass, volume, projected area, density, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and surface area. Bulk density, porosity and also packaging coefficient were calculated. Mechanical properties such as the elasticity modulus, rupture force and energy required for initial rupture have been determined. The experiments were carried out at moisture content of 82.6% (w.b.). The results show that the kumquat fruit is one of the smallest fruit in the citrus family.

Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Kiwifruit

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Ali Razavi ◽  
Maryam BahramParvar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Apparent Volume ◽  
Adhesive Force ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
True Density ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Static Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Static Coefficient

In this paper, the physical properties such as length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, mass, true volume, apparent volume, true density, bulk density, porosity, sphericity, surface area, shell ratio, aspect ratio, static coefficient of friction and mechanical characteristics namely firmness, hardness, adhesiveness, adhesive force and total positive area in puncture test were determined for kiwifruit of the Hayward variety. These properties are necessary in the design of the equipment for harvesting, processing and transportation, separating and packing. The results showed that the length, width, thickness, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and aspect ratio of kiwifruit varied from 55.5 to 82.3 mm, 46.8 to 54.8 mm, 41.5 to 52.4 mm, 49.8 to 60.99 mm, 49.56 to 59.28 mm, 71.95 to 90.48% and 62.67 to 89.20%, respectively. While the surface area determined by McCabe et al.'s and Jean & Ball's formula, and surface area measured by experimental method changed from 77.11 to 110.34 cm2, 48.74 to 95.95 cm2 and 83.29 to 108.71 cm2, respectively. The values of the fruit's true volume, apparent volume, true density, bulk density and porosity were between 85-120 cm3, 63.69-109.01 cm3, 940-1040 kg/m3, 544.73-572.17 kg/m3 and 39.70-45.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the unit mass and peel ratio of kiwifruits ranged from 75.18 to 135.32 g and 8.91 to 12.51%, respectively. On four different surfaces, namely plywood, galvanized iron sheet, glass and fiberglass, static coefficient of friction varied from 0.34 on glass to 0.49 against plywood. The average firmness, hardness, adhesiveness, adhesive force and total positive area of peeled fruits were 229.42 g, 367.49 g, 716.48 g.s, -34.2 g and 11933.5 g.s, respectively. Corresponding values for unpeeled samples obtained 403.38 g, 2081.2 g, -3175.32 g.s, -118 g and 35757.22 g.s, respectively.

Physical Properties of Potato Tubers CV. Analytic Cultivated in Iran

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
Mohammad Dalvand
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Sliding Friction ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Rolling Friction ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Projected Area ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Area And Volume

Physical Properties of Potato Tubers CV. Analytic Cultivated in IranThe objective of the experiments was to study some physical properties of potato tubers, such as dimensions, weight, projected area, sliding and rolling friction properties, in order to determine the best post-harvest options. Mean values of weight, length, width, thickness and CPA were 136.69 g, 78.99 mm, 57.12 mm, 50.44 mm, and 33.12 cm2, respectively. The lowest values of the coefficients of rolling and sliding friction were obtained for sheet glass. Tuber mass was predicted based on the dimensions, projected area and volume. Linear models and nonlinear models were investigated. The results indicated that best model for predicting tuber mass was based on projected area with R2= 0.99.

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