scholarly journals Turkic Ethnic Realities in the Medieval Manuscript of Kipchak Origin

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Gulnar Nadirova ◽  
Nazym Konkabayeva ◽  
Bayan Zhubatova ◽  
Kunduzay Aubakirova
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Method ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
Medieval Manuscript ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
State Library ◽  
Turkish Language

<p>The purpose of our work was to analyze the ethnic realities of the Kipchak language in order to establish its similarities and differences with modern Turkic languages for which this medieval language was a proto-language. The written medieval manuscript in Arabic “Al-Tuhfa al-Zakiyya fi al-Lugha al-Turkiyyah” (Genuine wonder about the Turkish language) was one of the most important and most valuable source for studying the Kipchak language. The main feature of the work was that the original version was written in the Kipchak, as the anonymous author pointed out on the first page of the manuscript, stored in Istanbul, in the Beyazit state library. When studying objects that were far apart from each other in a temporary sense, such as medieval and modern languages, we used the comparative-historical method, and as a result concluded that in some cases there were only phonetic differences, while the syntactic and semantic commonality of lexical and phraseological units persisted. To classify ethnic realities, the statistical method of analysis was used. Ethnographic, cultural and mental realities testified to direct kinship and a single nomadic culture of the speakers of the languages of this group and provided an opportunity to restore the historical stages of the development of the Turkic languages from the Middle Ages to the present day.</p>

Anna Russakoff, Imagining the Miraculous: Miraculous Images of the Virgin Mary in French Illuminated Manuscripts, ca. 1250-ca. 1450. Studies and Texts, 215; Text Image Context: Studies in Medieval Manuscript Illumination, 7. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 2019, xviii, 194 pp., ill.

Mediaevistik ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 541-544
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Bayo
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Old French ◽  
Illuminated Manuscripts ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Medieval Manuscript ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Image Context ◽  
Panel Paintings

This monograph deals with illuminated manuscripts created in French-speaking regions from the mid-thirteenth to the mid-fifteenth century, i.e., from the earliest narratives of Marian miracles written in <?page nr="542"?>Old French to the codices produced at the Burgundian court at the waning of the Middle Ages. Its focus, however, is very specific: it is a systematic analysis of the miniatures depicting both material representations of the Virgin (mainly sculptures, but also icons, panel paintings, altarpieces or reliquaries) and the miracles performed by them, usually as Mary’s reaction to a prayer (or an insult) to one of Her images.

scholarly journals THE EMERGENCE AND IMPACT OF MONEY IN GREECE AND LIFE BACK THEN

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (07) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
Haifa Abdul Rahman AL SHAAFI
Keyword(s):  
Historical Review ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The City ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
Greek Civilization

The Greek civilization is one of the basic elements of the so-called civilization conflict in ancient times, and history has preserved the echo of that conflict, but historians have been limited to describing and evaluating the conflict without focusing on the role of money in managing the movement of the conflict, which had an influential nature in the politics of Greece in general , especially after Macedonia entered the line of conflict and took control of the city of Krindes at the foot of Mount Pangios, which is distinguished by its richness of gold, as it made it richer than the rest of the Greek states,Philip took out from it thousands of gold every year, which enabled him to bribe the opposition politicians, and this is where the researchs' importance is marked with the emergence of money in the Greek countries and its impact on life back then. Based on this importance, the reason for choosing this particular topic is of the axes of the historical review conference - Ancient history- as the study aims to find similarities and differences between the money spread in that period since this topic was studied according to the historical method.

From the Scholarly Edition to Visualization: Re-using Encoded Data for Historical Research

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Rehbein
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Data Representation ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Distant Reading ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Medieval Manuscript ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Intellectual Context ◽  
Research Questions

This paper reports from the perspective of a historian who is investigating an early medieval manuscript, aiming at opening it up for further research and exploring its location in space, time, and intellectual context. The manuscript in question and the texts it carries show a complex, interwoven network of intra- and intertextual relations and the paper argues that only a combination, provided by computational means as the methodological key, of two usually distinct research approaches, namely close reading and distant reading, can deliver answers to the research questions imposed. The paper introduces some central methods of an interdisciplinary field, commonly known as digital humanities, in the realm of data representation (data modeling and text encoding) as well as core applications in the realm of data presentation and analysis (digital editing and visualization). As these supportive methods are neither the starting-point for historical research nor an end-in-itself, they are mirrored against scholarly practices of both, of the early Middle Ages and of modern scholarship.

Old Sources, New Technology: Princeton University’s Geniza Computer Project

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mark R. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
Medieval Manuscript ◽  
Court Records ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Cairo Geniza ◽  
Marriage Contracts

Since the inception of the “computer age,” much talk has been heard about applying this relatively new technology for manipulating information to the medieval manuscript fragments from the Cairo Geniza. The uses of the Geniza, particularly its documentary sources, for Middle Eastern history will be well known to many readers of this Bulletin. The thousands of letters, court records, marriage contracts, lists, and other documentary treasures, preserved for centuries in a large discard chamber in what is today the Ben Ezra Synagogue in Fustat, and written in Hebrew or Judæo-Arabic (Arabic in Hebrew letters), with a small number in Arabic language and script, constitute an unmediated source for the reconstruction of what the late Professor S. D. Goitein called the “Mediterranean Society” of Jews, Muslims, and Christians of the high Middle Ages.

scholarly journals К вопросу о страдательном залоге в языках, распространенных на берегу Балтийского моря, с акцентом на севернорусском диалекте

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-382
Author(s):  
Арпад Орос
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
Accusative Case ◽  
The North ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Hanseatic League ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Russian Dialect ◽  
Intransitive Verbs

The two characteristics of the passive voice found in the North Russian dialect and in other Circum-Baltic languages, the accusative case of the patient or theme as an argument of a verb with passive morphology and intransitive verbs passivized raise a number of related questions. The author of the present paper explores the issues under discussion from an areal-historical perspective, concluding that the aforementioned languages have a tendency for the agent to be the same element as the subject and the patient or theme to be the same element as the (direct) object of the sentence. In the North Russian dialect, we can see an example where the above fact holds true irrespective of whether the verb has an active or a passive morphology as the theme of the sentence assumes the accusative case regardless of whether it is an argument of a verb in the active or in the passive voice.The question as to what lexical elements can function as subjects is itself interesting. Moreover, there seems to be a correlation between what level of abstraction the syntactic category of subject has reached in a language and the existence of a pure passive mean- ing. The less abstract the category of subject is, as in case of Circum-Baltic languages, the farther structures with a passive morphology seem to be from a pure passive meaning. In languages such as English, however, where virtually any noun can function as a subject, there seems to be a pure passive meaning and there is only one morphological way of form- ing passive sentences.The nature of linguistic similarities found in genetically less related languages spoken in the same area has been given a number of varied accounts. The most salient of them ap- pears to be B. Drinka’s explanation based on the influence of Western European languages on ones spoken in the East of the area where once the Hanseatic League existed in the middle ages and I. Seržant’s theory concerning the foregrounding of the agent as passive structures with a stative interpretation gradually assumed a dynamic one.In fact, participles in the North Russian dialect ending in -n / -t can express a dynam- ic, that is, eventive interpretation with a perfect meaning and can even co-occur with the -sja / -s’ postfix, the latter phenomenon being absolutely unimaginable in Standard Russian, where the two affixes are in complementary distribution. The author assumes that the topic should be studied from the perspective of sociology and cultural anthropology as well since linguistic similarities and differences often reflect similarities and differences in thinking beyond the realm of linguistics.

scholarly journals About some exotic features of Turkic languages («Turkic miracles»)

2020 ◽  
pp. 231-245
Author(s):  
Viktor G. Guzev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
General Linguistics ◽  
Turkish Language

The article is devoted to the grammar of modern Turkish language; on the basis of the modern Turkish language are considered structural features of Turkic languages, which determine the specificity of all the Turkic languages; Turkic languages from the position of General linguistics; attracted for research in the Turkic material developments linguists naturalhow.

scholarly journals Boosting Felsenstein’s Phylogenetic Bootstrap

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lemoine ◽  
J.-B. Domelevo Entfellner ◽  
E. Wilkinson ◽  
T. De Oliveira ◽  
O. Gascuel
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Method ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Evolutionary Trees ◽  
Transfer Distance ◽  
Do So

AbstractFelsenstein’s article describing the application of the bootstrap to evolutionary trees, is one of the most cited papers of all time. That statistical method, based on resampling and replications, is used extensively to assess the robustness of phylogenetic inferences. However, increasing numbers of sequences are now available for a wide variety of species, and phylogenies with hundreds or thousands of taxa are becoming routine. In that framework, Felsenstein’s bootstrap tends to yield very low supports, especially on deep branches. We propose a revised version, in which the presence of inferred branches in replications is measured using a gradual “transfer” distance, as opposed to the original version using a binary presence/absence index. The resulting supports are higher, while not inducing falsely supported branches. Our method is applied to large simulation, mammal and HIV datasets, for which it reveals the phylogenetic signal, while Felsenstein’s bootstrap fails to do so.

scholarly journals Historical Development of the /j-/ Sound at the beginning of the words in Kazakh Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-143
Author(s):  
E.K. Petek ◽  
◽  
М.Е. Adilov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
Turkish Language

One of the most emphasized issues of the Turkish language, which also causes differences of opinion among Turcologists,is the state of the sound / y- / at the beginning of the words.This sound varies in terms of both historical Turkish dialects and contemporary Turkish dialects and is met with a different sound. For those who accept the Altaic hypothesis, it is known that the Proto-Turkic language, which developed as an independent language after the era of the Proto- Altaic language, was divided into two branches as Oghur languages (West Old Turkish) and Common Turkic (East Old Turkish). In Turcology, the terms Lir Turkic for Oghur languages and Shaz Turkic for Common Turkic are also used. In order to classify the Turkic languages, the sounds /l, /ş/ and /r/, /z/ sounds, and also the / y- / sound at the beginning ofthe words were used as criteria. This article will focus on thedevelopment of the / y- / sound at the beginning of the words in Turkic languages, which corresponds to the / j- / sound at the beginning of the words in the Modern Kazakh language through diachronic and synchronic comparisons. It will be mentioned that whether the /y-/ sound can be seen since the Orkhon Turkic, which is one of the historic periods of the East Old Turkic, or the /j-/ sound in the Kazakh language is more archaic.

scholarly journals Hunting of the Northern Selkups in the 1920s – early 1960s: A Review of the Manuscript by E. D. Prokofieva

2021 ◽  
pp. 827-839
Author(s):  
Olga B. Stepanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Scientific Significance ◽  
Hunting Regulations ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article is to study the hunting of the Northern Selkups in the era of active socialist transformation of the Selkup economy (1920s – early 1960s). So far, none of the scientific publications have considered this topic in detail, assessing its scientific significance and novelty. The scientific significance is emphasized by the new round of industrialization of polar latitudes, which necessitates taking into account the survival experience of the ingenious northerners in their extreme climate. The research tasks include consideration of the manuscript of the ethnographer and scholar of Siberia E. D. Prokofieva “Hunting of the Taz-Turukhan Selkups,” kept in the Archive of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It was written on the basis of data collected by E. D. Prokofieva during her expeditions to the northern Selkups in 1925–28 and in 1962. The study of E. D. Prokofieva’s manuscript has been carried out using comparative historical method, methods of analysis and description. The research has resulted in the following conclusions: At the time of the socialist reforms of the Selkup economy, the Selkups still used their traditional means and methods of hunting. The Soviet transformations in the sphere of hunting — the positive ones — include a new procedure for accepting furs from the hunters, which spared them the arbitrariness of private buyers; study of the region’s natural resources and measures for preserving and restoring the number of head. Collectivization, settled lifestyle of hunters in the kolkhozes farmsteads necessary for their work in the new sectors of economy, and elimination of the interval between the hunters’ trips to distant hunting lands allow no unambiguous assessments. These transformations resulted in a drop iof productivity indicators of the Selkup hunting and in violation of the original hunting regulations, thus launching the process of degradation of the Selkup hunting tradition. Soviet reformers were unable to solve some of the oldest problems of hunting, such as lack of transport reindeer, etc. The region administration and the kolkhozes heads had a plan to bring the hunting industry to the forefront, but by 1960 it had not even begun to be implemented. E. D. Prokofieva’s manuscript fills in the gaps in the characterization of some elements and phenomena of the Selkup culture and introduces into scientific use a new valuable source on the history and ethnography of the peoples of Siberia.

scholarly journals The Queen of Navarre and a queen from Navarre: Comparing the experience of queenship of Leonor de Trastámara and Joan of Navarre

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-29
Author(s):  
Elena Woodacre
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Henry Iv ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Carlos Iii

This article offers an intensive comparison of two queen consorts, Leonor de Trastámara, consort of Carlos III of Navarre (r. 1387-1425) and her sister-in-law, Joan of Navarre, consort of Henry IV of England (r. 1399-1413). Key similarities and differences in their lives and experience of queenship are revealed by an examination of the major ceremonies that marked their tenure as consort and their personal exercise of the queen’s office. As well as bringing greater illumination to their individual lives, the comparison also deepens our understanding of queenship, not only in Navarre and England, but more broadly in the later middle ages.

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