scholarly journals THE EMERGENCE AND IMPACT OF MONEY IN GREECE AND LIFE BACK THEN

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (07) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
Haifa Abdul Rahman AL SHAAFI
Keyword(s):  
Historical Review ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The City ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
Greek Civilization

The Greek civilization is one of the basic elements of the so-called civilization conflict in ancient times, and history has preserved the echo of that conflict, but historians have been limited to describing and evaluating the conflict without focusing on the role of money in managing the movement of the conflict, which had an influential nature in the politics of Greece in general , especially after Macedonia entered the line of conflict and took control of the city of Krindes at the foot of Mount Pangios, which is distinguished by its richness of gold, as it made it richer than the rest of the Greek states,Philip took out from it thousands of gold every year, which enabled him to bribe the opposition politicians, and this is where the researchs' importance is marked with the emergence of money in the Greek countries and its impact on life back then. Based on this importance, the reason for choosing this particular topic is of the axes of the historical review conference - Ancient history- as the study aims to find similarities and differences between the money spread in that period since this topic was studied according to the historical method.

scholarly journals PERGESERAN MAKNA FILOSOFIS ALUN-ALUN KOTA BANDUNG PADA ABAD XIX – ABAD XXI

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Miftahul Falah ◽  
Agusmanon Yuniadi ◽  
Rina Adyawardhina
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Sacred Space ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Public Open Space ◽  
The City ◽  
City Park

Sebagai kota yang dibangun dengan mempertimbangkan aspek kosmologis, alun-alun merupakan salah satu elemen pembentuk Kota Bandung sejak menjadi pusat pemerintahan Kabupaten Bandung pada 25 September 1810. Alun-alun Kota Bandung mengalami perubahan fungsi, dari titik batas ruang profan dan ruang sakral menjadi ruang terbuka publik sehingga makna filosofisnya mengalami pergeseran. Untuk memahami perubahan tersebut secara kronologis, dilakukan penelitian historis dengan menerapkan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam perkembangannya, warga Kota Bandung tidak lagi memandang alun-alun sebagai salah satu elemen penyeimbang antara makrokosmos dan mikrokosmos, melainkan sebagai ruang terbuka publik tempat bersosialisasi seluruh warga kota. Fungsi Alun-alun Kota Bandung menunjukkan perubahan, dari sebuah lapangan terbuka dengan fungsi administratif kota tradisional hingga menjadi sebuah taman kota yang menjadi destinasi wisata di pusat kota sehingga memperlihatkan fungsi sosial-ekonomi.As a city that was built which takes the cosmological aspect into consideration, the square is one of the elements that formed the city of Bandung since becoming the capital of Bandung Regency on September 25, 1810. Its changing functions, which were traditionally perceived as a boundary of profane and sacred space into modern public open space, reflected a shifting in philosophical meaning. To understand the changes chronologically, this paper uses historical method which consists of four stages, namely, heuristics, critique, interpretation, and historiography. The results show that gradually the citizens of Bandung no longer look at the city square as one of the elements of the balance between the macrocosm and microcosm, but rather as a place for community gatherings. Its function changes from an open field with the administrative role of the traditional city into a city park that became a tourist destination in the city centre with socio-economic functions.

scholarly journals THE TRAGIC CHORUS IN ANCIENT TIMES AND NOWADAYS: ITS ROLE AND STAGING

2016 ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
GORDAN MARIČIĆ ◽  
MARINA MILANOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Artistic Expression ◽  
Greek Society ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Ancient Drama ◽  
Greek Civilization

In this paper we shall try to clarify the role of the chorus in the origin and development of the ancient tragedy. We can rightly say that it represents the pinnacle of intellectual and artistic expression of the Greek civilization. We will point out historical circumstances and facts related to the existence of the chorus; the place the chorus has in Greek society and on the stage as well as its characteristics will also be discussed.In the second part of this paper, possibilities of reviving the ancient drama, especially tragedy on the modern scene, shall be discussed. Should one aspire towards a more faithful imitation or a creative interpretation? What are the difficulties a director is facing when he has to decide what to do with the chorus? Is there only one answer or are there more?

scholarly journals Working for the State in the Urban Economies of Ankara, Bursa, and Salonica: From Empire to Nation State, 1840s–1940s

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (S24) ◽  
pp. 213-241
Author(s):  
M. Erdem Kabadayi
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
The State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The City ◽  
Of Greece

AbstractIn most cases, and particularly in the cases of Greece and Turkey, political transformation from multinational empire to nation state has been experienced to a great extent in urban centres. In Ankara, Bursa, and Salonica, the cities selected for this article, the consequences of state-making were drastic for all their inhabitants; Ankara and Bursa had strong Greek communities, while in the 1840s Salonica was the Jewish metropolis of the eastern Mediterranean, with a lively Muslim community. However, by the 1940s, Ankara and Bursa had lost almost all their non-Muslim inhabitants and Salonica had lost almost all its Muslims. This article analyses the occupational structures of those three cities in the mid-nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth, tracing the role of the state as an employer and the effects of radical political change on the city-level historical dynamics of labour relations.

scholarly journals FORMATION AND THE ROLE OF PUBLIC SPACES IN THE PROCESS OF CITY EVOLUTION - FROM ANCIENT TIMES TO MODERNISM

2021 ◽  
pp. 345-368
Author(s):  
Olena Oliynyk
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Internal Space ◽  
Imperial Power ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The City ◽  
Modern Era

The processes of historical development of cities and formation of public spaces are considered. It is established that open public spaces have always been the basis for the formation of cities. In ancient times (Greece), the network of open-closed spaces was interpreted as the only public space of the city and was a sign of its democracy. With the strengthening of imperial power (Rome), the structure of public spaces becomes deterministic, with a certain direction of movement. In the Middle Ages there is a sacralization of space, which is replaced by its formalization in the Renaissance; further aestheticization of spaces intensifies, their new types appear. The era of modernism changed the spatial paradigm of the traditional city, which led to the loss of historically composed types of public spaces. At the same time, the modern era is characterized by the gradual convergence of external and internal space and their democratization.   

scholarly journals Dmytro F. Krasytsky: Archeological and Ethnographic Study of the Region above the Dnipro Rapids

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Zoia Marina ◽  
Oleksandra Romashko
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Contemporary Status ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The City

The materials of the complex archeological and ethnographic expedition in the Dnipro regions by D. F. Krasitsky in 1944–1945 was description in this article. The names of the participants were established, among them employees of the Dnipropetrovsk Historical Museum, experts of the Institute of Archeology of the National Academy of Sciences of the USSR and students of the Duma. The attention is drawn to the active role of D. F. Krasitsky, as a manager, in solving various organizational and financial issues for the implementation of scientific and practical tasks facing the expedition. The text sections of the reports, which differ by subject, are analyzed. In particular, it speaks of the following: "Over the Dnipro", "Mirror of the Dnipro" and "Minerals of Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporozhye Oblasts". The first one provides information on archaeological sites, whose location has been established due to the downfall of the Dnipro through the undermining of the dam Dniprges. It emphasizes the cultural peculiarities of time-consuming archaeological sites, describes their contemporary status. The section "Mirror of the Dnipro" is accompanied by a detailed map-scheme of the northern part of the Dnipro, which allows them to be considered as a unique unique reference book. The data of the third section on minerals in the research area indicate a profound knowledge of DF. Krasitsky on this issue. For ethnographic surveys, villages selected near the city of Dnipropetrovsk: Lotsmanskaya Kamyanka, Stary Kaidaki, Voloska, Zvonetsk and Military. 100 respondents from 106 questions from a specific FD were interviewed. Krasitsky theme - "House and in the house". The obtained data of ethnographic observations reflect the transformation of ethnoculture of Ukrainians in the region. The importance and exclusivity of the material collected during the expedition under the direction of DF Krasitsky on the historical, cultural and ethnographic peculiarities of the population of ancient times to the present day have been emphasized.

scholarly journals The Old City of Al Zubair. The Emergence and Physical Reality (1571-1882 Iraq)

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (27) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Firas Sami Abdulaziz Alqatrani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Reality ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Human Habitation ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
The City ◽  
Constant Growth ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Suitable Environment

Abstract The natural advantages of the site of the city of Al Zubair contributed to its becoming a stable settlement for the tribes migrating from Najd and Hejaz during the last four centuries. These features gave the city a fundamental stability and constant growth, turning it, later, into one of the main cities in the region and an important commercial centre. This research study aims to examine the historical dimensions of Al Zubair's emergence, as well as the physical housing reality within the boundaries of the walled city (which represents the first phase of the city's development), and to identify the role of people adapting the local conditions of the place in ways that made it a suitable environment for human habitation. The morphological method has been used in this study of the physical reality of the city. This sequential historical method grants geography an important third dimension: time. Al Zubair is, in terms of its architecture, a history written in the form of buildings, streets, and various other facilities; it is an historic compound that cannot be comprehended without an understanding of and insight into its historical development.

scholarly journals Evolutionary processes in the modern cultural space of the region

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
S. Vytkalov
Keyword(s):  
Chamber Orchestra ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The City

The relevance of the issue lies in revealing the role of regions in modern cultural practice, because in those regions many interesting artifacts are concentrated and many initiatives are born, the implementation of which helps them gradually come to the forefront of cultural practice of the state. The methodology. A biographical method was applied, with the help of which it was possible to reconstruct the origins and cultural potential of Rivne conductor H. Fiskov and to reveal his potential opportunities in art. The method of content analysis helped to compare the available information with the reaction of public to the concerts held in the city and to clarify the role of the chamber orchestra “Brevis” in the system of cultural services for the local population. The historical method was used during the correlation of information about the development of creativity (composition and translations of popular world’s hits) for the existing orchestra of H. Fiskov. And all this helped to create a specific creative portrait of a regional musician who is able to respond to modern challenges. The scientific topicality. The cultural potential of the region is revealed through the prism of artistic and organizational-cultural activity of Rivne instrumental conductor and teacher H. Fiskov, his potential creative characteristics are analyzed, the main parameters of which allow the artist to actively position himself in the space of modern art culture. Referring to the creative potential of the artist, changes for the better in this situation in the region are predicted due to the need to create a number of organizational structures, which will help normalize the existing artistic life, give it significant professionalism and thus significantly affect the level of artistic culture of the local population. The practical significance of the study is to share this information among the artists from other regions of the country, an attempt to change the existing potential of artistic groups in the regions, subordinating it to general issues of state or regional cultural policy.

Patmos

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde E. Fant ◽  
Mitchell G. Reddish
Keyword(s):  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Book Of Revelation ◽  
On This Island ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The City ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
Greek Island

Famous for being the location for the writing of the book of Revelation (the Apocalypse), the island of Patmos is a jewel in the Aegean. This small island combines the charm and beauty of a typical Greek island with the tranquility and reverence of a sacred space. Visitors today might very well wish that they, like John, could be sentenced to exile on this island so rich with tradition, faith, and wonder. The northernmost island of the Dodecanese Islands (part of the Southern Sporades chain) in the Aegean Sea, Patmos, a part of the country of Greece, is 22 miles southwest of the island of Samos and about 38 miles from ancient Miletus on the mainland of Turkey. Patmos is a small, mountainous island, about 7 miles long and 3 miles wide, with a ragged coastline. The island has two narrow isthmuses that divide it into three parts. Primarily known for its association with the author of the New Testament book of Revelation, the island today displays the charm of a typical Greek island. The three main towns or villages on the island are Hora, Skala, and Kambos. Patmos is mentioned only briefly by ancient writers (Thucydides, Strabo, Pliny the Elder, and Tacitus), and little is known of its ancient history. The island was settled by the Dorians and later by the Ionians. Ancient ruins on the island attest to the inhabitation of the island during the Hellenistic period, a time when Patmos, along with the islands of Lipsos and Leros, belonged to the territory controlled by Miletus. These islands served as “buffer” islands, guarding and protecting the city of Miletus. Inscriptions from the island provide evidence of a temple of Artemis and a gymnasium on the island. Information about Patmos during the Roman period is scarce. Christian tradition, based on Revelation 1:9, claims Patmos as the site where John was exiled at the end of the 1st century C.E. by the Roman emperor Domitian. Whereas the Roman historian Tacitus does name three other islands in the Aegean (Donusa, Gyarus, and Amorgus) as islands where the Romans exiled or banished political prisoners, Patmos is never mentioned by ancient writers as a place of punishment.

scholarly journals Mercenaries in the Army of Hellenistic Athens

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Igor V. Vostrikov
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Activity ◽  
The Military

<p>This article interests in history of armed forces of the antiquity states, their structure, deployment order, the organization of command, evolution of arms, policy strokes, action of armies in the military conflicts, and to their use in internal political fight, as well as to involvement of mercenaries. During the Classical Period of Greek history big fame was gained by armed forces of Athens and Sparta. Athens in the 5th century BC was at the peak of power and pursued active foreign policy which was in many respects supported by powerful army and fleet. The reason of traditionally high interest in history of Athens of the Classical Period including the armed forces history of the polis also lies in it. However Athens and their armed forces suffered a serious loss and got beaten in the Peloponnese war and the final decline of political and military power of Athens occurred after defeat in Lamian war therefore military activity of the polis sharply decreases. Therefore the history of Hellenistic period Athens gets much less attention. Proceeding from it, the purpose of article consists in a research of the role of mercenaries in armed forces of Athens in the period of Hellenism. The leading method of this research is the comparative-historical method allowing tracking mercenaries hire by Athens during the specified period on the basis of a complex sources use. The main research results consist in identification of an order and features of the hired contingents use, their places in armed forces of the polis. Materials of article can be useful to the further scientific research regarding the history of Athens and military ancient history as well as to creating educational and handbooks on this perspective.</p>

scholarly journals Postwar Identity in the Making: Hidden Children in Volos (Greece)

HISTOREIN ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pothiti Hantzaroula
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Population ◽  
Exceptional Case ◽  
Child Survivors ◽  
Mixed Marriages ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
City Relations ◽  
The City ◽  
Christian Population ◽  
Of Greece

The high percentage of Jewish Holocaust survivors from Volos, compared to the devastating death rate in the rest of Greece, makes the city a case of its own. Scholars have analysed the factors that contributed to the survival rate of 74 percent of Volos’ Jewish population and dealt with survivors’ struggles to rebuild their lives after the Shoah. Yet, less attention has been paid to the construction of the memory of survivors, its complex reworking and its importance in shaping the lives and identities of communities. The study of the “exceptional” case of Volos through a microhistorical approach offers an opportunity to understand the variety, as well as the commonalities, of experiences of survivors among various communities in postwar Greece. Thus, questions such as postwar reintegration in the city, relations with the Christian population, the role of antisemitism in shaping postwar identities, and mixed marriages can be better understood when situated in a comparative perspective. The persistence of antisemitism in Volos against a highly assimilated community shows that there are no easy equations, either between survival and assimilation or between help by non-Jewish locals and a lack of antisemitism. By focusing on child survivors that went into hiding during the Shoah and by exploring the mutual relations and perceptions between the non-Jewish and Jewish population, the article aims to understand the ways in which such relationships and perceptions shaped postwar Jewish identities.

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