scholarly journals Supportive Psychotherapy and Psychoeducation as a Media for Changing and Convincing Behavior in Clients with Paranoid Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imam Shofi'i
Keyword(s):  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Supportive Psychotherapy ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Psychiatric Status ◽  
Apparent Reason ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Five Senses ◽  
Primary Support ◽  
Group Family

Schizophrenia is a psychiatric diagnosis that describes mental disorders with character abnormalities in perception or disorders regarding reality. Perception abnormalities can be in the form of disorders in the five senses, usually in the form of auditory hallucinations, paranoia, bizarre delusions, and can also be in the form of speech disorganization and disruption of real social communication. Case. Mr.SA, age 43, came with complaints of rampage to his family and surrounding community for no apparent reason. The patient was treated at Menur General Hospital Surabaya 2 years ago with a similar complaint. Psychiatric status obtained clear awareness, bad insight, blunt affect, auditory hallucinations, visuals, followed by delusions of control, suspicious. Diagnosis of axis I: paranoid schizophrenia, axis II and III: none, axis IV: Primary Support Group (Family) GAF axis scale 20.11 (danger of self-injury / others when entering hospital). Psychopharmaca therapy is chlorpromazine tab 1 x 100 mg, haloperidol tab 3 x 5 mg, and trihexyphenidyl 3 x 2 mg, and psychotherapy that is support. Conclusion The paranoid schizophrenia of this patient is due to work problems

The Diagnostic Dilemma of Myxedema and Madness, Axis I and Axis II: A Longitudinal Case Report

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis F. Darko ◽  
Alice Krull ◽  
Mark Dickinson ◽  
J. Christian Gillin ◽  
S. Craig Risch
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Medical Diagnosis ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Chronic Thyroiditis ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Probable Presence ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Primary Axis

A patient with presumed chronic paranoid schizophrenia had chronic thyroiditis and Grade I hypothyroidism. Psychosis cleared following treatment with thyroid replacement. The probable presence of two axis II disorders may have contributed to the missed medical diagnosis and the patient's eventual suicide. The personality disorders were a major problem in the patient's medical and psychiatric care. The differential diagnosis among hypothyroidism and primary axis I psychotic and depressive psychopathology has always been problematic. When axis II pathology is also present, the diagnostic dilemma is increased.

Suicidal Behavior in Patients with Adjustment Disorders

Crisis ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Kryzhanovskaya ◽  
Randolph Canterbury
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Adjustment Disorders ◽  
Involuntary Hospitalization ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
The Past ◽  
Substance Abuse Disorders ◽  
Axis I

Summary: This retrospective study characterizes the suicidal behavior in 119 patients with Axis I adjustment disorders as assessed by psychiatrists at the University of Virginia Hospital. Results indicated that 72 patients (60.5%) had documented suicide attempts in the past, 96% had been suicidal during their admission to the hospital, and 50% had attempted suicide before their hospitalization. The most commonly used method of suicide attempts was overdosing. Of the sample group with suicide attempts in the past, 67% had Axis II diagnoses of borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder. Adjustment disorder diagnosis in patients with the suicide attempts was associated with a high level of suicidality at admission, involuntary hospitalization and substance-abuse disorders. Axis II diagnoses in patients with adjustment disorders constituted risk factors for further suicidal behavior. Additional future prospective studies with reliability checks on diagnosis of adjustment disorders and suicidal behavior are needed.

Electroconvulsive Therapy in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: a Case Report

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1135-1135
Author(s):  
V.M. Barrau ◽  
M. Salinas ◽  
S. Yelmo ◽  
E. Santana ◽  
F. Montiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Predictors Of Response ◽  
Maintenance Ect ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
Null Response

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is born as we know it in the first half of the twentieth century. Although initially introduced as a treatment for schizophrenia, soon proved more effective in affective disorders.Currently this therapy is second choice in the treatment of schizophrenia, representing only 10–20% of ECT treatments.We present a 55 years-old-woman diagnosed with Paranoid Schizophrenia in the adolescence, with several hospital admissions who was sent from sub-acute unit to receive ECT, given the null response to several pharmacological trials. The last, 1,200 mg amisulpride, 650 mg clozapine and 1,000 mg valproate per day, and Zuclopenthixol ampoule every 14 days. She verbalizes poorly structured persecutory, megalomaniac and nihilist delusional ideas, as well as auditory hallucinations which she does not clarify, and thought broadcasting phenomena. After withdrawing this medication and starting treatment with 30 mg haloperidol and 550 mg quetiapine, 14 bifrontotemporal ECT sessions were given.Given the disappearance of persecutory delusional ideas, and the decrease of auditory hallucinations, which she criticizes, the patient was discharged. After 4 months, she is still psychopathologically stable, and receiving maintenance ECT biweekly.ECT, either alone or in combination with conventional antipsychotic drugs, has been shown effective in a certain percentage of patients with acute schizophrenia, particularly in the catatonic subtype and also in schizoaffective disorder. The use and efficacy of ECT in chronic schizophrenia is a more controversial topic.Research should also focus on the determination of optimal number of ECT, the predictors of response and the efficacy of continuation and maintenance ECT.

Co-morbidity and disorder-related distress and impairment in purging disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1435-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Keel ◽  
B. E. Wolfe ◽  
J. A. Gravener ◽  
D. C. Jimerson
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Purging Disorder ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Clinically Significant

BackgroundRecent studies suggest that purging disorder (PD) may be a common eating disorder that is associated with clinically significant levels of distress and high levels of psychiatric co-morbidity. However, no study has established evidence of disorder-related impairment or whether distress is specifically related to PD rather than to co-morbid disorders.MethodThree groups of normal-weight women [non-eating disorder controls (n=38), with PD (n=24), and with bulimia nervosa (BN)-purging subtype (n=57)] completed structured clinical interviews and self-report assessments.ResultsBoth PD and BN were associated with significant co-morbidity and elevations on indicators of distress and impairment compared to controls. Compared to BN, PD was associated with lower rates of current and lifetime mood disorders but higher rates of current anxiety disorders. Elevated distress and impairment were maintained in PD and BN after controlling for Axis I and Axis II disorders.ConclusionsPD is associated with elevated distress and impairment and should be considered for inclusion as a provisional disorder in nosological schemes such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual to facilitate much-needed research on this clinically significant syndrome.

The dexamethasone suppression test and DSM-III-R diagnoses in suicide attempters

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 350-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åsa Westrin ◽  
Karin Frii ◽  
Lil Träskman-Bendz
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Suicide Attempter ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Low Cortisol ◽  
Hpa Axis Activity ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

AbstractPrevious research on hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis-activity in suicide attempter research has shown conflicting outcomes. The design of the present study was to test the influence of personality disorders and concominant axis I diagnoses on the dexamethasone suppression diagnostic test by use of multiple regression analyses. The sample consisted of 184 patients with a recent suicide attempt and 42 healthy controls. As expected, the lowest pre- and postdexamethasone cortisol levels were found in patients with personality disorders axis II, cluster B as compared to the other patients. The results remained significant when analysed for covariance with DSM-III-R axis I diagnoses, age or sex. Whether these low cortisol levels are due to previous experience of extreme stressful events or long-lasting burden, or whether they may be a consequence of biogenetic or psychological predisposal of interest, remains to be elucidated. Axis I comorbidity needs to be further examined.

Discriminating between Substance Abusers with Single and Dual Diagnoses Using MMPI Profiles and the MAC Andrews Alcoholism Scale: Axis I and Axis II Subtypes

1988 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 985-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald H. Rozensky ◽  
Barbara Neirick ◽  
Gary M. Slotnick ◽  
Debra Morse
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Dual Diagnosis ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Substance Abusing ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
Dual Diagnoses ◽  
Axis I

The MacAndrews Scale of the MMPI differentiated 21 dual-diagnosis substance abusers with a DSM-III—R, Axis I diagnosis from a group of 21 single-diagnosis substance abusers and 18 dual-diagnosis substance abusers with an Axis II diagnosis. Subjects were 50 substance-abuse only and 39 dual-diagnosis, hospitalized men. Research must take into account the heterogeneous nature of psychiatric diagnoses within the substance-abusing population.

scholarly journals The genetic epidemiology of personality disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Cluster Structure ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Candidate Gene Association ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv

Genetic epidemiologic studies indicate that all ten personality disorders (PDs) classified on the DSM-IV axis II are modestly to moderately heritable. Shared environmental and nonadditive genetic factors are of minor or no importance. No sex differences have been identified, Multivariate studies suggest that the extensive comorbidity between the PDs can be explained by three common genetic and environmental risk factors. The genetic factors do not reflect the DSM-IV cluster structure, but rather: i) broad vulnerability to PD pathology or negative emotionality; ii) high impulsivity/low agreeableness; and iii) introversion. Common genetic and environmental liability factors contribute to comorbidity between pairs or clusters of axis I and axis II disorders. Molecular genetic studies of PDs, mostly candidate gene association studies, indicate that genes linked to neurotransmitter pathways, especially in the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems, are involved. Future studies, using newer methods like genome-wide association, might take advantage of the use of endophenotypes.

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