scholarly journals Determinant Factors of Successful Ex Situ Conservation of Lesser Bird of Paradise [Paradisaea minor Shaw, 1809]

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Ken Dara Cita ◽  
Jarwadi Budi Hernowo ◽  
Burhanuddin Masy'ud
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Biological Aspect ◽  
Illegal Hunting ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Breeding Technique

<p>Recently, the population of the lesser bird of paradise (Paradisaea minor Shaw, 1809) has been decreasing due to illegal hunting, illegal trading, and habitat destruction. Meanwhile, ex situ conservation efforts of this bird are lacked and very low in the success of breeding. The aims of this research were to identify and analyze the component that determines the successful ex situ conservation of the lesser bird of paradise. The study was conducted from March until May 2016 in the TMII Bird Park, Mega Bird and Orchid Farm (MBOF), Ragunan Zoo, Bandung Zoo, and Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation (AWWP) in Qatar. Data<br />included an internal and external biological aspect of species, captive breeding technique, and social aspect, and were analyzed by Principle Component Analysis (PCA). The statistical analysis resulted that there were five determinant factors of successful ex situ conservation of lesser bird of paradise which the first determinant factors were maturity, diet, and ability of animal keeper.</p>

scholarly journals Anatomy of the Male Reproductive Organs of Javan Pangolin (Manis javanica)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusrizal Akmal ◽  
Chairun Nisa ◽  
Savitri Novelina
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Illegal Hunting ◽  
Male Reproductive Organs

Pangolin is an animal that has special attention by CITES since 1985. This is due to increase of market demand, especially from China. It causes the illegal hunting is increasing, so that alleged wild population decreases dramatically. Overcoming of decreasing of the pangolin populations in the wild, could be anticipated by captive breeding. The information about the status of the reproductive biology of wild animals is very important for implementation of ex situ conservation activities. One of the aspects of the reproductive biology of wild animals is knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the reproductive organs both males and females.Nowdays, data on morphological characteristics of male reproductive organs of pangolin (M. javanica) still limited. The data obtained of this study is new information in reproductive biology, especially on the morphological characteristics of the male reproductive organs of pangolin (M. javanica). In addition, the information can be the data base that is important in the effort to support ex situ conservation.

scholarly journals First Captive Breeding Program for the Endangered Pyrenean Sculpin (Cottus hispaniolensis Bacescu-Master, 1964)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2986
Author(s):  
Joan Manubens ◽  
Oriol Comas ◽  
Núria Valls ◽  
Lluís Benejam
Keyword(s):  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Captive Breeding Program ◽  
Critical Phases ◽  
Conservation Plans

The strong decline of freshwater fish species in Europe implies that further ex-situ conservation plans should be implemented in the near future. The present study reflects our experience with the Pyrenean sculpin (Cottus hispaniolensis Bacescu-Mester, 1964)—a small cottid endemic to the Hispano-French Garona River basin. In recent years, the Spanish Pyrenean sculpin population has reached a limit situation. Because of that, the non-profit association ADEFFA—with support from the public administration—started the first captive breeding program for this species in 2006. Fourteen years later, this study presents the results and evaluates the different steps of the program, with the aim of discussing and improving the ex-situ conservation plans for this and other cold freshwater species. There is a description and a comparison between six consecutive phases during the captive breeding process: nesting behaviour, courtship, egg fixation, parental care (incubation), hatching and survival during juvenile development. The purposes of this project are to: (1) identify the most determining phases for a successful captive breeding; (2) identify the factors that had a major influence to the success of the critical phases; and (3) increase the number of the offspring. This study is based on thirty-three wild individuals collected from Garona River (Val d’Aran, Spanish Pyrenees). During the program, twelve couples spawned in captive conditions, with around 2300 eggs laid. Eight couples bred successfully, with 751 hatched individuals and 608 juveniles reared. The analysis of each step of the captive breeding does not reveal significant differences between phases, so it can be concluded that they are all critical at the same level. In the literature, similar study-cases of captive breeding programs identify incubation and survival phases as the most critical. Consequently, the management made for this project has probably allowed to overcome in part the main impediments described in other similar programs.

scholarly journals HABITAT OPTIMALIZATION OF CAPTIVE DEER PT. PUSRI PALEMBANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadya Rahmania ◽  
Indra Yustian ◽  
Arum Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Habitat Condition ◽  
Deer Management ◽  
Illegal Hunting ◽  
Interview Method

Deer is one of the species that going through a reduction of population because its being used as the target of illegal hunting. To prevent the reduction in population, the efforts to save them with conservation method both in-situ or ex-situ has been done. Captive deer in PT. Pusri Palembang is the only captive deer which located in urban areas of Palembang and carrying out an ex-situ conservation effort. This research aimed to analyze the habitat condition such as daily feed, water needed, and shelter, to know about the level of palatability and also to analyze the habitat condition as a basic of captive deer management towards an optimalization. The research has been done in January 2015. The interview method, literature study and field observation are used to get the data about population and habitat condition in captive deer PT. Pusri Palembang. It can be concluded that the habitat condition in the captive deer PT. Pusri Palembang still quite good, and 1,5 hectare areas still be able to maintain the total of 44 deers (22 sambar deers and 22 chital deers) in 2015.Key words: sambar deer, chital deer, captivity, ex-situ conservation, PT Pusri Palembang. 

scholarly journals Ex situ conservation of threatened plants in Brazil: a strategic plan to achieve Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation

Rodriguésia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1547-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando A.O. Silveira ◽  
Alberto L. Teixido ◽  
Marcílio Zanetti ◽  
Juliano Gomes Pádua ◽  
Antônio Carlos Silva de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Threatened Plant Species ◽  
Ex Situ Collections ◽  
Whole Plants

Abstract With increasing rates of habitat destruction and species loss, ex situ conservation is gaining global momentum and reluctance in relying on ex situ conservation is rapidly giving way to a more optimistic, strategic view. Target 8 of the Global Strategy of Plant Conservation calls for at least 75 percent of threatened plant species in accessible ex situ collections, preferably in the country of origin, and 20 percent of them included in recovery and restoration programs. Here, we provide updated information on Brazil's progress towards Target 8 through a nationwide examination of how many threatened species were conserved in ex situ collections in Brazil. Our data comprised whole plants (living collections), seed (seed banks) and tissue cultures (in vitro). Of the 2,113 threatened species, at least 452 (21.4%) species were conserved in ex situ collections, an increase in 4% of living organisms and 96% of seeds when compared to a previous assessment. Since it is unlikely Brazil will achieve Target 8 by 2020, we also discuss public policies and strategies to help overcome key bottlenecks preventing its achievement and propose revised goals for the GSPC 2020-2030.

Priorities for enhancing the ex situ conservation and use of Australian crop wild relatives

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally L. Norton ◽  
Colin K. Khoury ◽  
Chrystian C. Sosa ◽  
Nora P. Castañeda-Álvarez ◽  
Harold A. Achicanoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Major Food

Crop wild relatives – the wild cousins of cultivated plants – are increasingly recognised for their potential to contribute to the productivity, nutritional quality and sustainability of agricultural crops. However, the use of these genetic resources is dependent upon their conservation in genebanks and consequent availability to plant breeders, the status of which has not been comprehensively analysed in Australia. Such conservation assessments are given urgency by reports of increasing threats to natural populations due to habitat destruction, climate change, and invasive species, among other causes. Here we document Australian wild plants related to important food crops, and outline their priorities for ex situ conservation. Given that no major domesticated food plants originated in the country, Australia’s native flora of crop wild relatives is surprisingly rich, including potentially valuable cousins of banana, eggplant, melon, mung bean, pigeonpea, rice, sorghum, sweetpotato, soybean and yam. Species richness of the wild relatives of major food crops is concentrated in the northern and north-eastern tropical regions, in the Northern Territory, Western Australia, and Queensland. Geographic priorities for collecting of these taxa for ex situ conservation, due to the limited representation of their populations in genebanks, largely align with areas of high species richness. Proposed dam building and agricultural expansion in northern Australia make conservation action for these species more urgent. We outline key steps needed for enhancing the ex situ conservation of Australia’s heritage of major food crop wild relatives, and discuss the critical activities required to increase their use.

scholarly journals Casting the Net Widely for Change in Animal Welfare: The Plight of Birds in Zoos, Ex Situ Conservation, and Conservation Fieldwork

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Gisela Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Species At Risk ◽  
Avian Behavior ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Welfare Model

This paper discusses paradoxes in our relationship to and treatment of birds in captive and conservation contexts. The paper identifies modern and new challenges that arise from declining bird numbers worldwide. Such challenges have partly changed zoos into providers of insurance populations specifically for species at risk of extinction. They have also accelerated fieldwork projects, but by using advanced technological tools and in increasing numbers, contradictorily, they may cause serious harm to the very birds studied for conservation purposes. In practice, very few avian species have any notable protection or guarantee of good treatment. The paper first deals with shortcomings of identifying problematic avian behavior in captive birds. It then brings together specific cases of field studies and captive breeding for conservation in which major welfare deficits are identified. Indeed, the paper argues that avian welfare is now an urgent task. This is not just because of declining bird numbers but because of investment in new technologies in field studies that may have introduced additional stressors and put at risk bird survival. While the paper documents a substantial number of peer-reviewed papers criticizing practices counter to modern welfare standards, they have by and large not led to changes in some practices. Some solutions are suggested that could be readily implemented and, to my knowledge, have never been considered under a welfare model before.

scholarly journals Development of propagation protocol for the endangered species Phlomoides superba (Royle ex Benth.) Kamelin & Makhm.

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-546
Author(s):  
Amber Srivastava ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Regeneration Potential ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Suitable Habitats

The low regeneration potential is one of the main causes of the depleting population of threatened species. Phlomoides superba an endangered species is facing depletion in its natural habitats due to various causes including habitat destruction, low regeneration and exploitation. The ornamental potential of this species makes it suitable for cultivation in gardens for sake of both ex-situ conservation and beautification as well. Because of this, a suitable mass scale propagation protocol is required to prevent wild exploitation of this species for commercial use and also for its reintroduction in suitable habitats.

scholarly journals The gut microbiome of the Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) reveals its adaptation to specialized myrmecophagy

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11490
Author(s):  
Fuhua Zhang ◽  
Na Xu ◽  
Wenhua Wang ◽  
Yishuang Yu ◽  
Shibao Wu
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Unifrac Distance ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Manis Javanica ◽  
Unweighted Unifrac

Background The gut microbiomes of mammals are closely related to the diets of their hosts. The Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) is a specialized myrmecophage, but its gut microbiome has rarely been studied. Methods Using high-throughput Illumina barcoded 16S rRNA amplicons of nine fecal samples from nine captive Sunda pangolins, we investigated their gut microbiomes. Results The detected bacteria were classified into 14 phyla, 24 classes, 48 orders, 97 families, and 271 genera. The main bacterial phyla were Firmicutes (73.71%), Proteobacteria (18.42%), Actinobacteria (3.44%), and Bacteroidetes (0.51%). In the PCoA and neighbor-net network (PERMANOVA: pangolins vs. other diets, weighted UniFrac distance p < 0.01, unweighted UniFrac distance p < 0.001), the gut microbiomes of the Sunda pangolins were distinct from those of mammals with different diets, but were much closer to other myrmecophages, and to carnivores, while distant from herbivores. We identified some gut microbiomes related to the digestion of chitin, including Lactococcus, Bacteroides, Bacillus, and Staphylococcus species, which confirms that the gut microbiome of pangolins may help them to digest chitin. Significance The results will aid studies of extreme dietary adaption and the mechanisms of diet differentiation in mammals, as well as metagenomic studies, captive breeding, and ex situ conservation of pangolins.

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