scholarly journals Pengaruh Cekaman Air Terhadap Karakter Fisiologis Tembakau Temanggung dan Kaitannya dengan Hasil dan Kadar Nikotin Rajangan Kering

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
. Djumali ◽  
Sri Mulyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
Stomatal Conductivity ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Weight Effect

<p>Tembakau temanggung ditanam pada akhir musim penghujan sehingga sering mengalami cekaman air dan berakibat pada penurunan hasil dan kadar nikotin rajangan kering. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh cekaman air terhadap karakter fisiologis tembakau temanggung serta kaitannya dengan hasil dan kadar nikotin rajangan kering. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Balittas Malang pada Maret–Oktober 2010 dengan menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terbagi dan diulang 3 kali. Petak utama terdiri atas 3 jenis tanah yakni Komplek Eutrudepts-Hapludalfs, Komplek Dystrudepts-Hapludalfs, dan Vitraquands. Anak petak terdiri atas 5 tingkat kelembapan tanah (60, 70, 80, 90, dan 100% dari kapasitas lapangan). Hasil penelitian me-nunjukkan bahwa cekaman air pada tiga jenis tanah berpengaruh negatif terhadap konduktivitas stomata, laju fotosintesis, hasil dan kadar nikotin rajangan kering, serta berpengaruh positif terhadap bobot spesifik daun. Pengaruh cekaman air terhadap hasil rajangan kering terjadi melalui penurunan konduktivitas stomata dan laju fotosintesis selama fase setelah pemangkasan. Pengaruh cekaman air terhadap kadar nikotin terjadi me-lalui penurunan konduktivitas stomata sebelum pembungaan dan setelah pemangkasan, penurunan laju fotosintesis setelah pemangkasan, dan peningkatan bobot spesifik daun setelah pemangkasan.</p><p> </p><p>Temanggung tobacco is grown at the end of wet season which so often experience water stress. Water stress can decrease dry slice yield and nicotine content. The study was aimed to determine the effect of water stress on physiological characteristics of temanggung tobacco and its relation to dry slice yield and nicotine content. Research was conducted in greenhouse of Indonesian Sweetener and Fibre Crops Research Institute, Malang from March to October 2010 using splitplot design and repeated three times. The main plot consisted of three types of soil (Complex Eutrudepts-Hapludalfs, Complex Dystrudepts-Hapludalfs, and Vitraquands). The Subplot consisted of five soil moisture levels (60, 70, 80, 90, and 100% of field capacity). The results showed that water stress on the third series of the soil negatively affect stomatal conductivity, the photosynthesis rate, dry slice yield and nicotine content, as well as the positive effect on specific leaf weight. Effect of water stress on dry slice yield occurred through the decrease of stomata conductivity and photosynthetic rate during the phase after topping. The effect of water stress on nicotine content occurred through a reduction in stomatal conductivity before flowering and after topping, decrease of photosynthetic rate after topping, and increase of specific leaf weight after topping.</p>

scholarly journals The Effect of Water Stress on Translocation in Relation to Photosynthesis and Growth

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
IF Wardlaw
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Root Extension ◽  
Effect Of Water

Photosynthetic rate, leaf and root extension, dry weight changes, and the translocation of labelled photosynthates were followed in L. temulentum plants subjected to water shortage at a time when the eighth leaf was expanding.

Effect of water stress on growth, water use efficiency and gas exchange as related to osmotic adjustment of two halophytes Atriplex spp.

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumelkheir Belkheiri ◽  
Maurizio Mulas
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Use Efficiency

Atriplex halimus L. is known in the Mediterranean basin and along the coastal areas of Sardinia for its adaptability to salinity, although less information is available on the resistance of this species to water stress in absence of salinity. The effect of water stress on growth and water utilisation was investigated in two Atriplex species: A. halimus originating of south Sardinian island and the exotic species Atriplex nummularia Lindl., originating in Australia and widely used in land restoration of arid areas. Water stress was applied to young plants growing in 20 L pots with a sufficient water reserve to store a potentially sufficient water reserve to maintain substrate near to field capacity (30%) between irrigations. Watering was at 70% (control) or 40% (stress) of field capacity. In order to simulate the grazing by livestock, four plant biomass cuttings were conducted at times T0, T1, T2 and T3, corresponding to one cutting at the end of well watered phase (T0) before water stress induction, two cuttings after cycles of 5 weeks each during full summer (T1) and late summer (T2) and one cutting during autumn (T3). All plants remained alive until the end of treatment although growth was strongly reduced. Leaf dry weight (DW) and water use efficiency (WUE) were determined for all cuttings; relative water content (RWC), turgid weight : dry weight ratio (TW : DW), water potential (Ψw), osmotic potential (Ψs), CO2 assimilation, osmotic adjustment (OA), abscisic acid (ABA) and sugar accumulation were determined for the late summer cutting at T2. Water stress induced a decrease in DW, RWC, Ψw, Ψs, TW : DW and CO2 assimilation for both species, but an increase in WUE expressed in terms of dry matter production and a high accumulation of ABA and total sugars mainly for A. halimus. This suggests a more developed adaptive mechanism in this selection. Indeed, the clone was selected from the southern part of the island, where natural populations of saltbush are more exposed to abiotic stresses, mainly the water stress generated not by salinity. A. nummularia showed a greater OA and a positive net solute accumulation as than A. halimus, suggesting that water stress resistance in A. halimus is linked to a higher WUE rather than a greater osmotic adjustment.

Estimating photosynthetic rate and annual carbon gain in conifers from specific leaf weight and leaf biomass

Oecologia ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Oren ◽  
E. -D. Schulze ◽  
R. Matyssek ◽  
R. Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Annual Carbon

The Effect of Water Stress on the Physiological Characters and Growth of Abelia grandiflora 'Francis Mason'

2014 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 1204-1208
Author(s):  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Fei Yong Liao ◽  
Qing Fang Xia ◽  
Yu Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
Mild Drought ◽  
Physiological Characters

With the characteristics of great ornamental value and strong adaptability, Abelia grandiflora 'Francis Mason' is widely used in the garden. For the shortage of water in some garden and landscape spaces, the effect of water stress on the physiology of Abelia grandiflora 'Francis Mason' was tested to ascertain the optimum irrigation of it. The results showed that water flood suppressed the growth of the plants seriously after treated for 58 days, which embodied in the dramatic decline of Fv /Fm, Fv'/Fm', ETR, qP, chlorophyll and net photosynthetic rate. Treating with drought for 50 days was proved to be beneficial for the growth of the plants, for the Fv /Fm, Fv'/Fm', ETR, qP, chlorophyll were increased. But these fluorescence parameters were decreased 60 days later and the plants were dead in 90-days drought stress. Water treatment had the most significant impact on the plants whlie mild drought stress a little.

Moisture stress and its effect on photosynthesis in Dicranum polysetum

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (24) ◽  
pp. 2897-2900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilbur L. Peterson ◽  
James M. Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer ◽  
Dicranum Polysetum

The effect of water stress on the moss Dicranum polysetum Sw. was studied in the growth chamber, and water potential (ψ) was found to vary as much as 15 atm between the tip of the plant and areas 2 to 4 cm within the cushion, which suggests that very little water is transported from the base of the stem to its tip. With an infrared gas analyzer it was determined that photosynthesis ceases at −21 to −23 atm and the moss remains dormant until it is rewetted. Upon rewetting, there is a sharp burst of respiration that doubles the normal CO2 output. This burst reached its maximum level of 4 mg CO2 g−1 h−1 within 15 min and was of short duration. Full photosynthetic rate was restored in 8 h.

scholarly journals Genotype X Environment Interaction for Selected Characters from R1 Up to R5 Reproductive Stage in Soybean

Zuriat ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agung Karuniawan ◽  
H. C. Becker ◽  
W. Link ◽  
F. Rumawas
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Genotype X Environment Interaction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Genotype X Environment ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Seed Growth

Field Experiments were conducted to study the genotype x environment interaction for selected characters between anthesis and beginning of seed growth in soybean. The genotype. I.e. three parental lines and seven F8 offsprings were planted just before a wet season in two locations: at Kendalpayak-Malang and at Muneng-Probolinggo. Both locations belong to Research Institute for Legume and Tuber Crops and are located in East Java, Indonesia. The Reproductive growth stages were defined according to Fehr and Caviness. The evaluation started with begin of flowering (R1). Total leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area index, specific leaf weight, and biomass were measured at begin of seed growth (R5). Significant genotype X environment interactions were observed for all characters studied except for specific leaf weight.

Relationships among Specific Leaf Weight, Photosynthetic Rate, and Seed Yield in Soybean

Crop Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1575-1581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Thompson ◽  
Randall L. Nelson ◽  
Lee E. Schweitzer
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Leaf Weight

Effect of water stress on dry mass accumulation and allocation in sweet potato based on stable isotope analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Lvdan Zhu ◽  
Congzhi Zhang ◽  
Yunwang Ning ◽  
Yongchun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rubisco Activity ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Mass Accumulation

Zhang, H., Zhu, L., Zhang, C., Ning, Y. and Zhang, Y. 2015. Effect of water stress on dry mass accumulation and allocation in sweet potato based on stable isotope analysis. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 263–271. Pot experiments were conducted to study the effect of water stress on the dry mass accumulation, allocation, ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity and stable carbon isotope composition in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). Three water regimes (50, 75 and 100% field water capacity, respectively) were investigated. Water stress effects on dry mass accumulation, allocation, gas exchange, stable carbon isotope composition and Rubisco enzyme activity were detected in sweet potato at different stages (seedling, vegetative, early maturity, and late maturity). In addition, relationships between Rubisco activity and photosynthetic rate, dry stress allocation and Δ13C under different water regimes were explored. The allocation of dry mass and Δ13C in leaves, petioles, stems and roots exhibited highest level in soil with 100% moisture content at different growth stages. The photosynthetic rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance, and RuBisCo activity of sweet potato at different growth stages also increased with increasing soil water content. The regression equations between the activity of RuBisCo and photosynthetic rate in 50, 75 and 100% field capacity were y=0.675x – 1.846, y=0.798x − 1.370, and y=0.516x+3.887. A positive correlation between dry mass allocation and Δ13C was observed. Water stress could affect dry mass accumulation, allocation, gas exchange, RuBisCo activity, and Δ13C content in sweet potato organs during plant development stages.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIPS AMONG PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE, BEAN YIELD AND OTHER CHARACTERS IN FIELD-GROWN CULTIVARS OF SOYBEAN

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. BUTTERY ◽  
R. I. BUZZELL ◽  
W. I. FINDLAY
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Bean Yield

In field experiments with young spaced plants of 48 soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars, derived lines tended to have higher rates of apparent photosynthesis (PA) than their parent lines over 3 yr of tests using the 14CO2 method. For 2 yr in which chlorophyll and specific leaf weight (SLW) were also measured, a significant number of derived lines had higher PA, chlorophyll and SLW than their parent lines. With 12 cultivars of similar maturity, grown as row-crop tests for 4 yr, PA and leaf percent N were correlated with each other during August (pod-filling period) but not during July (flowering period). August PA and leaf percent N were correlated with bean yield, but July values were not. Chlorophyll and SLW were correlated with each other in July and in August; each was correlated with PA in July but not in August. Although July measurements of leaf characters were not correlated with bean yield, July and August values were correlated for PA and for chlorophyll. The correlations observed among the characters in different sampling periods are discussed in relation to possibilities for selection.

The Effect of Water Stress on the Physiology of Vinca major 'Variegata'

2013 ◽  
Vol 409-410 ◽  
pp. 782-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Yong Liao ◽  
Ying Xie ◽  
Hui Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Vinca Major

The effects of water stress on the two year old Vinca majorVariegata were tested for proving the irrigation guidance for its application in the garden. The results showed that the water flood and the drought stress suppressed the plant growth. After treated with flooding for 13days, the qP, ETR, Fv'/Fm' and net photosynthetic rate were decreased, but the qN were increased and the plants were dead. The mid drought stress (the water content of soil were between 20 percent and 30 percent) slightly affected the growth of plant, which embodies in the slight decline of chlorophyll, qP, ETR, Fv'/Fm', Fv/Fm and qP, the ascend of net photosynthetic rate. Drought Stress badly affected the growth of plant, which embodies in the decline of chlorophyll, qP, ETR, Fv'/Fm', Fv/Fm, qP and net photosynthetic rate. The best irrigation for plant was the water content of soil between 20 percent and 30 percent, which does not affect the ornamental value of Robinia pseudoacacia and save the irrigation water. So the application of V. majorVariegata should avoid in the place for over 13 days water flood.

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