scholarly journals Improving Cassava Productivity by Soil Bioaugmentation with Phosphate-Solubilizing Actinomycetes and Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Alimuddin Ali ◽  
Muhammad Juanda ◽  
A. Farchan SJahid ◽  
Herlina Rante
Keyword(s):  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
In Planta ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Cassava Plant ◽  
Cultivation Technique ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing

<p>Cassava is one of the most important food commodities, but its cultivation technique must be improved, especially the technology in increasing soil fertility. Lack of phosphate (P), one of the major biological nutrients in soil, can reduce<br />agricultural production. Some P-solubilizing microbes can play an important role in increasing the availability of P for plants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of P-solubilizing microbes isolated from cassava rhizosphere in improving the growth of cassava after soil bioaugmentation with the formula of selected microbes. A total of 50 isolates were successfully isolated from cassava plant rhizosphere collected from several locations in South Sulawesi. In vitro screening on Pikovskaya agar media resulted in six Actinomycetes and six fungal isolates with the best P hydrolysis capacity. One Actinomycetes isolate<br />(Streptomyces sp. A-SDR01) and one fungal isolate (Penicillium sp. F-SKG17) with nonantagonistic effect to each other based on in vitro test were able to improve the vegetative growth of cassava under in planta test. Combination of both isolates in a gum arabic formulation increased plant height and productivity compared to untreated plants when applied as soil bioaugmentation in limited field trials at four locations in South Sulawesi. Therefore, application of P-solubilizing microbes that possess soil bioaugmentation properties is recommended for increasing the growth of cassava plants and their use as<br />microbial biofertilizers should be extended to wider areas.</p>

scholarly journals EKSPLORASI DAN UJI VIRULENSI BAKTERI Bacillus sp. ENDOFIT JAGUNG TERHADAP PENYAKIT BUSUK PELEPAH JAGUNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
Arum Saputri ◽  
Loekas Soesanto ◽  
Abu Umayah ◽  
Agus Sarjito
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design

[EXPLORATION AND VIRULENT TEST OF MAIZE ENDOPHYTE Bacillus sp. AGAINST MAIZE SHEATH BLIGHT]. Capability of endophytic bacterial, effectivity, and its effect on R. solani. and on maize seedlings growth were investigated from April 2018 to January 2019. Exploration of endophytes bacteria in maize was taken from Banyumas Regency (Sumbang, Kembaran, Baturraden) and Purbalingga Regency (Padamara, Bojongsari, Pratin). Taking plant samples using Purposive Random Sampling and Diagonal Sampling methods. Completely randomized design was used in in vitro test with 16 treatments repeated twice. Completely randomized block design was used in in planta experiment with 5 treatments repeated 5 times. The treatment consisted of control, fungiside (mankozeb), and 2 isolates of endophytes bacteria performing the best in vitro result. Variables observed included characteristics of endophytic bacteria and pathogenic fungi, inhibition diameter, incubation period, disease intensity, incidence of disease, AUDPC, plant height, leaf number, root length, plant fresh weight, canopy fresh weight, and root fresh weight. Resultshowed that the exploration obtained 15 endophytic Bacillus sp. isolates. The PD A.4 and BK A.1 isolates werw able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi in-vitro by 56.93 and 51.5%, respectively. The soaking treatment using BK A1 was able to reduce disease intensity by 59.377%, and AUDPC value 34.19%. Endophytic bacteria influence plant height, plant fresh weight, canopy fresh weight, and fresh weight of roots respectively as 89.17 cm, 126.06 g, 106.67 g and 19.4 g.

Phosphate-solubilizing activity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in vitro

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lapeyrie ◽  
J. Ranger ◽  
D. Vairelles
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
Phosphate Source ◽  
Solubilizing Activity

An easy to use method is presented here to compare and study the mineral phosphate-solubilizing activity of ectomycorrhizal fungi. This technique can discriminate between strains with differing phosphate-solubilizing activities. Synthetic mineral phosphates, crystalline or amorphous, were differentially solubilized by 10 ectomycorrhizal fungi. Natural crystalline phosphates studied do not seem to be solubilized by fungi under similar experimental conditions. Paxillus involutus 1 appears to be able to solubilize calcium phosphates using either ammonium or nitrate nitrogen, but the other isolates were able to effectively solubilize phosphate only in the presence of ammonium. This has implications regarding the possible mechanism used to solubilize phosphate by these isolates. Recrystallization can be seen in the culture medium if calcium ions are present. The type of crystals depends on the phosphate source and on the fungal strain. This technique is suitable for screening a large number of ectomycorrhizal strains. The significance of phosphate-solubilizing activity to plant growth stimulation needs to be determined by field trials. Key words: ectomycorrhizal fungus, phosphate, solubilization.

scholarly journals Toxigenic Capacity and Trichothecene Production by Fusarium graminearum Isolates from Argentina and Their Relationship with Aggressiveness and Fungal Expansion in the Wheat Spike

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Malbrán ◽  
C. A. Mourelos ◽  
J. R. Girotti ◽  
P. A. Balatti ◽  
G. A. Lori
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Variable Intensity ◽  
Polymerase Chain

At least 20 epidemics of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat have been registered in the last 50 years in Argentina, with variable intensity. Damage induced by the disease is further aggravated by the presence of mycotoxins in affected grains that may cause health problems to humans and animals. The trichothecene chemotype was analyzed for 112 isolates of Fusarium graminearum from Argentina by polymerase chain reaction and two field trials were conducted to study the aggressiveness of a subsample of 14 representative isolates and to analyze deoxynivalenol (DON) production in planta and in vitro. All isolates belonged to the 15-acetyl-DON chemotype. Significant differences were observed in both the symptom severity induced in wheat spikes and the in vivo DON production, and a close correlation was found between these two variables. However, in vitro toxigenic potential was not correlated with the capacity of F. graminearum isolates to produce DON under natural conditions. The progress of infection in the rachis of inoculated wheat spikes was analyzed and the pathogen presence verified in both symptomatic and symptomless spikes. Even isolates with a limited capacity to induce symptoms were able to colonize the vascular tissue and to produce considerable amounts of DON in planta.

scholarly journals Competition Between Pyrimorph-Sensitive and Pyrimorph-Resistant Isolates of Phytophthora capsici

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhili Pang ◽  
JingPeng Shao ◽  
Jian Hu ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Zhiwen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
In Planta ◽  
High Throughput Analysis ◽  
Vitro Test

Phytophthora capsici causes significant losses to vegetable production worldwide. Pyrimorph, a new carboxylic acid amide fungicide, has been registered to control P. capsici in China. A mutation (Q1077K) in cellulose synthase 3 has been reported to confer resistance to pyrimorph. In this study, we measured the competition between pyrimorph-resistant and pyrimorph-sensitive isolates of P. capsici. Mixed zoospore suspensions of resistant (R) and sensitive (S) isolates at five ratios (1R:9S, 3R:7S, 5R:5S, 7R:3S, and 9R:1S) were applied to carrot agar in vitro test (with five successive transfers) and to the soil surface around pepper plants in planta test (with 10 successive disease cycles). The proportion of resistant isolates was measured by a conventional assay in which single zoospore isolates recovered after transfers or disease cycles were grown on agar medium with a discriminatory concentration of pyrimorph. The results were then compared with those of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method developed here, the results were similar. Both assays showed that the competitive ability of the resistant isolates was similar to or less than that of the sensitive isolates. The real-time PCR assay developed will be useful for high-throughput analysis and monitoring the development of pyrimorph resistance in field populations of P. capsici.

scholarly journals On the Applicability of Chitosan Oligomers-Amino Acid Conjugate Complexes as Eco-Friendly Fungicides against Grapevine Trunk Pathogens

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Laura Buzón-Durán ◽  
Natalia Langa-Lomba ◽  
Vicente González-García ◽  
José Casanova-Gascón ◽  
Jesús Martín-Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Management Culture ◽  
Amino Acid Conjugate ◽  
Acid Conjugate

In a context in which the incidence and severity of grapevine fungal diseases is increasing as a result of both climate change and modern management culture practices, reducing the excessive use of phytosanitary products in viticulture represents a major challenge. Specifically, grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs), caused by several complexes of wood decay or xylem-inhabiting fungi, pose a major challenge to vineyard sustainability. In this study, the efficacy of chitosan oligomers (COS)–amino acid conjugate complexes against three fungal species belonging to the Botryosphaeriaceae family (Neofusicoccum parvum, Diplodia seriata, and Botryosphaeria dothidea) was investigated both in vitro and in planta. In vitro tests led to EC50 and EC90 effective concentrations in the 254.6−448.5 and 672.1−1498.5 µg·mL−1 range, respectively, depending on the amino acid involved in the conjugate complex (viz. cysteine, glycine, proline or tyrosine) and on the pathogen assayed. A synergistic effect between COS and the amino acids was observed against D. seriata and B. dothidea (synergy factors of up to 2.5 and 2.8, respectively, according to Wadley’s method). The formulations based on COS and on the conjugate complex that showed the best inhibition rates, COS−tyrosine, were further investigated in a greenhouse trial on grafted vines of two varieties (”Tempranillo” on 775P and “Garnacha” on 110R rootstock), artificially inoculated with the mentioned three Botryosphaeriaceae species. The in planta bioassay revealed that the chosen formulations induced a significant decrease in disease severity against N. parvum and B. dothidea. In summary, the reported conjugate complexes may be promising enough to be worthy of additional examination in larger field trials.

scholarly journals CROSS APPLICATION OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI RAW SECONDARY METABOLITES FOR CONTROLLING FUSARIUM WILT OF CHILI SEEDLINGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Loekas Soesanto ◽  
Lintang Yunita Sari ◽  
Endang Mugiastuti ◽  
Abdul Manan
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
In Planta

Cross application of entomopathogenic fungi raw secondary metabolites for controlling fusarium wilt of chili seedlings. Theresearch aimed to determine the effect of entomopathogenic fungi raw secondary metabolites on fusarium wilt on chili plants and on growth of chili. In vitro test used a Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 5 replicate and in planta using a Randomized Block Design with 5 treatments and 5 replicatie including control, secondary metabolites of Beauveria bassiana B10, B. bassiana B16, Metarhizium anisopliae M16, dan Lecanicillium lecanii L16. Variables observed included inhibition ability, incubation period, desease intensity, plant height, root length, and phenolic compounds (tannins, saponin, and hydroquinone) content qualitatively. The results showed that secondary metabolites of B. bassiana B10, B. bassiana B16, M. anisopliae M16, and L. lecanii L16 were able to inhibit growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici by 50.62; 50,64; 48,62; 56.62%, respectively, extend incubation periods of 71.05; 73,38; 64.89; and 68.57%, respectively, suppress disease intensity by 99.99; 99.99; 99.99; and 99.99%, respectively, can increase plant height by 15.22; 18.8; 21.14; 21.69%, respectively, increasing the root length by 22.61; 25,71; 26,34; 33.50%, respectively, and can increase the content of tannins, saponins and hydroquinone compounds qualitatively compared to controls. The secondary metabolites of enthomopathogenic fungi could be used as organic control for soilborne pathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Trichoderma dan Gliocladium untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Busuk Akar Fusarium pada Bibit Kelapa Sawit

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Siti Juariyah ◽  
Efi Toding Tondok ◽  
Meity Suradji Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
Rot Disease

Trichoderma and Gliocladium for Controling Fusarium Root Rot Disease of Oil Palm SeedlingsFusarium spp. have been reported as the causal agent of common spear rot and crown rot diseases on oil palm.  An effective strategy to control these diseases is not available yet. This research was aimed to find biocontrol agents for effective control of crown rot disease on oil palm seedlings caused by Fusarium spp. The experiment consisted of 3 parts i.e. pathogenicity test of 3 isolates of Fusarium, identification and in vitro test of biocontrol agents, and in planta test of biocontrol agents against Fusarium spp. In vitro test was done through dual culture test and test for volatile compound produced by the biocontrol agents. In planta test was conducted through inoculation of Fusarium spp. into oil palm seedlings growing on medium containing  selected biocontrol agents i.e. Trichoderma harzianum, T. virens, T. inhamatum, and Gliocladium fimbriatum. In vitro test showed that Gliocladium fimbriatum 1 and 2 were inhibited effectively the growth of Fusarium spp. on the dual culture test, whereas T. harzianum Gadingrejo 2 was inhibited effectively the growth of Fusarium spp. on volatile compound test. The application of biocontrol agents was effective to protect oil palm seedlings from Fusarium spp. infection.

scholarly journals In vitro test and bioassay of selected Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) by using maize seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
Fiqriah Hanum Khumairah ◽  
Anne Nurbaity ◽  
Betty Natalie Fitriatin ◽  
Anggi Jingga ◽  
Tualar Simarmata
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing

scholarly journals Organic control of Bemisia tabaci Genn. on Capsicum annuum with entomopathogenic fungi raw secondary metabolites

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loekas Soesanto ◽  
Bisiril Fatihah ◽  
Abdul Manan ◽  
Endang Mugiastuti ◽  
Nur Prihatiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Lecanicillium Lecanii

Abstract. Soesanto L, Fatihah B, Manan A, Mugiastuti E, Prihaningsih N. 2020. Organic control of Bemisia tabaci Genn. on Capsicum annuum with entomopathogenic fungi raw secondary metabolites. Biodiversitas 21: xxxx. Control of whitefly with entomopathogenic fungi raw secondary metabolites and their correlation was investigated under control condition. The in vitro test used randomize completely design consisted of five treatments (raw secondary metabolites of Beauveria bassiana B16 and B10, Metarhizium anisopliae M16, Lecanicillium lecanii L16, and no treatments) and repeated five times. The in planta one used Latin square design consisted of five treatments and repeated five times. Variables observed were the mortality of whitefly imago, chitinolytic index, incubation period, viral disease intensity, plant height and total leaves per plant. The results showed that all treatment of raw secondary metabolites of entomopathogenic fungi caused mortality in the B. tabaci imago by 77.8% (B. bassiana B16); 71.5% (B. bassiana B10); 66.7% (M. anisopliae M16); and 59.5% (L. lecanii L16). All raw secondary metabolites of entomopathogenic fungi reduce the intensity of viral diseases by 79.98% (B. bassiana B16); 74.00% (B. bassiana B10); 72.23% (L. lecanii L16); and 55.41% (M. anisopliae M16). The correlation between B. tabaci mortality due to raw secondary metabolites of entomopathogenic fungi with the viral disease intensity is very close and opposite. Every 1% increase in pest mortality causes decrease in viral intensity by 1.346%.

scholarly journals CROSS APPLICATION OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI RAW SECONDARY METABOLITES FOR CONTROLLING FUSARIUM WILT OF CHILI SEEDLINGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Loekas Soesanto ◽  
Lintang Yunita Sari ◽  
Endang Mugiastuti ◽  
Abdul Manan
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
In Planta

The research aimed to determine the effect of entomopathogenic fungi raw secondary metabolites on fusarium wilt on chili plants and on growth of chili. In vitro test used a Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 5 replicate and in planta using a Randomized Block Design with 5 treatments and 5 replicatie including control, secondary metabolites of Beauveria bassiana B10, B. bassiana B16, Metarhizium anisopliae M16, dan Lecanicillium lecanii L16. Variables observed included inhibition ability, incubation period, desease intensity, plant height, root length, and phenolic compounds (tannins, saponin, and hydroquinone) content qualitatively. The results showed that secondary metabolites of B. bassiana B10, B. bassiana B16, M. anisopliae M16, and L. lecanii L16 were able to inhibit growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici by 50.62; 50,64; 48,62; 56.62%, respectively, extend incubation periods of 71.05; 73,38; 64.89; and 68.57%, respectively, suppress disease intensity by 99.99; 99.99; 99.99; and 99.99%, respectively, can increase plant height by 15.22; 18.8; 21.14; 21.69%, respectively, increasing the root length by 22.61; 25,71; 26,34; 33.50%, respectively, and can increase the content of tannins, saponins and hydroquinone compounds qualitatively compared to controls. The secondary metabolites of enthomopathogenic fungi could be used as organic control for soilborne pathogenic fungi.

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