scholarly journals ATIVIDADE DE BIOEXTRATOS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PHOMOPSIS PHASEOLI VAR. SOJAE, FUSARIUM SP. E NO TRATAMENTO DE SEMENTES DE SOJA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 457
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Pascuali ◽  
José Wilson Pires Carvalho ◽  
Aniele Arvani Souza ◽  
Larissa Regina Ballerini Gonçales ◽  
Armando da Silva Filho

As doenças de plantas são responsáveis por perdas econômicas em todos os cultivos, afetam as plantas no campo e as sementes durante o armazenamento. Diferentes técnicas de controle de patógenos são utilizadas para minimizar impactos negativos, entre elas têm-se usado bioextratos, os quais se apresentam como alternativas desejáveis comparados ao controle químico convencional. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a atividade antifúngica in vitro e in vivo de extratos de pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.), cipreste (Cupressus sp.) e tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.), alho (Allium sativum L.) cebola (Allium cepa L.) e gengibre (Zingiber officinalis L.) com diferentes processos de elaboração, contra Phomopsis phaseoli var. sojae, Fusarium sp., e a influência na germinação e no vigor de sementes de soja. Os bioextratos foram preparados utilizando-se 40 g de plantas (in natura e seco a 55± 2°C) e solução água-metanol (1:3). Os extratos, após filtrados e evaporado o álcool, foram divididos em duas frações, uma delas foi autoclavada e ambas aplicadas nos isolados de culturas puras e diretamente nas sementes de soja. A secagem promoveu melhora na eficiência dos bioextratos de alho, cebola e gengibre no controle in vitro de Phomopsis phaseoli var. sojae enquanto que os de cipestre e pinhão manso foram menos efetivos. A autoclavagem resultou em perda da capacidade fungitóxica do bioextrato de alho, enquanto no de cebola afetou negativamente o vigor das sementes a 10% v/v. O extrato de alho seco não autoclavado controlou eficientemente o desenvolvimento de Phomopsis phaseoli var. sojae in vitro. Os demais bioextratos não apresentaram eficiência significativa no controle dos patógenos. Todos os bioextratos conferiram à semente de soja índice de germinação inferior quando comparado ao tratamento com Carbendazin+Tiran. O bioextrato de cebola, gengibre ambos in natura não autoclavado e de tiririca desidratada não autoclavado melhoraram significativamente o percentual de plântulas normais, comparado à testemunha. Entretanto, os bioextratos não diminuíram a contaminação das sementes por Fusarium spp. e Phomopsis phaseoli var. sojae. Portanto, o processo de autoclavagem é uma etapa importante podendo afetar de maneira diferente a eficiência dos bioextratos estudados, assim como o processo de secagem da matéria vegetal antes da preparação dos bioextratos.

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Chioma E. Irozuru Irozuru ◽  
Janet O. Olugbodi ◽  
Uche Okuu Arunsi ◽  
Olusola Ladeji

Background: Allium cepa, Allium sativum, and Monodora myristica are commonly sourced food condiments in every household in Nigeria. In the present study, we investigated the phytochemical compositions, in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of these plants. Methods: The aqueous extracts from the A. cepa, A. sativum, and M. myristica were evaluated for phytochemical composition using standard protocols while the antioxidant activities were evaluated using the reducing power assay. Forty-five (45) Male Wistar rats (weighing 185±10 g) were divided into five groups (n=9) and were orally administered with 100 mg/kg BW each of A. sativum, M. myristica, A. cepa, and ascorbic acid while the control group received 0.5 mL/kg BW distilled water alone. Animals (n=3) from each group were sacrificed after the 20th, 25th, and 30th days of oral administration. The blood and tissue samples were collected for the analysis of biochemical parameters. Result: Our results revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and terpenes in the plant extracts. A. sativum had the highest reducing power capacity followed by M. myristica and then A. cepa. The in vitro antioxidants activities demonstrated by the plant extracts were higher than that of ascorbic acid but less than butylated hydroxytoluene. In vivo antioxidant studies showed a marked increase (p<0.05) in the level of catalase with a concurrent decrease (p<0.05) in the levels of MDA and H2O2 in the liver and kidney of rats administered with aqueous extracts of the condiments compared to the normal control and ascorbic acid in the following order control < ascorbic acid < A. cepa < M. myristica < A. sativum. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we infer that the aqueous extracts of A. cepa, A. sativum, and M. myristica are rich in antioxidants and as a result could serve as promising novel functional foods and nutraceuticals


2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutia Erti Dwiastuti ◽  
Melisa N Fajri ◽  
Yunimar Yunimar

<p>Layu yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium spp. merupakan salah satu penyakit penting tanaman stroberi (Fragaria x ananassa<br />Dutch.) di daerah subtropika, yang dapat menggagalkan panen. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari potensi Trichoderma spp.<br />dalam mengendalikan Fusarium spp. Isolat Trichoderma spp. diisolasi dari rizosfer tanaman stroberi dan Fusarium spp. diisolasi<br />dari tanaman stroberi yang mengalami layu fusarium. Isolat cendawan dimurnikan, dikarakterisasi, dan dibandingkan dengan isolat<br />cendawan acuan. Uji antagonis dilakukan secara in vitro dan in vivo. Uji in vitro dilakukan dengan metode dual culture dan slide<br />culture. Uji in vivo dilakukan di rumah kasa menggunakan dua varietas stroberi, yaitu Santung serta California. Hasil penelitian <br />in vitro memperoleh dua jenis isolat cendawan antagonis, yaitu Trichoderma sp.1 dan Trichoderma sp.2, dan dua jenis cendawan <br />patogen Fusarium, yaitu Fusarium sp.1 dan Fusarium sp.2. Isolat Trichoderma sp.1 memiliki kemampuan antagonisme lebih tinggi<br />dibandingkan dengan isolat Trichoderma sp.2. Isolat Trichoderma sp.1 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Fusarium sp.1 dan<br />Fusarium sp.2 secara berturut- turut, yaitu 49,7% dan 49,6%. Isolat Trichoderma sp.2 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Fusarium<br />sp.1 dan Fusarium sp.2 lebih rendah, yaitu sebesar 45,8% dan 43,4%. Mekanisme antagonis yang terjadi antara cendawan antagonis<br />dan patogen pada uji in vitro, yaitu pembelitan dan intervensi hifa. Hasil pada uji in vivo pada perlakuan Trichoderma sebelum<br />Fusarium menunjukkan keefektifan pengendalian paling baik (41,72%) dibanding perlakuan lain. Varietas Santung lebih tahan<br />terhadap serangan patogen dibandingkan varietas California. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini adalah, agens hayati Trichoderma<br />spp. lebih optimal digunakan sebagai pencegahan (preventif) tanpa menunggu tanaman terinfeksi penyakit layu fusarium.</p>


2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazieli B. Pascoal ◽  
Tullia M.C.C. Filisetti ◽  
Eliana P. Alvares ◽  
Franco M. Lajolo ◽  
Elizabete W. Menezes

Author(s):  
Amar N Makheja ◽  
Chow Eng Low ◽  
J Bailey

Several lines of evidence indicate that extracts of onion (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativum) or Chinese black tree fungus (Auricularia polytrica) inhibit platelet aggregation both in-vitro and in-vivo.A systematic study showed that aqueous extracts of these vegetables produced a dose-dependent inhibition of ADP, arachidonic acid (AA) or collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Onion and garlic juices were extracted sequentially into petroleum ether and diethyl ether. The anti-platelet activity in the aqueous phases was completely inactivated by purified adenosine deaminase. The activity in the petroleum ether layer was further characterised by its effects on the metabolism of 14C-AA by platelets. This oily fraction of onion and garlic suppressed thromboxane synthesis completely and induced a redistribution in the products of the lipoxygenase pathway. Adenosine and allicin (found in the ether layer) inhibited aggregation without affecting AA metabolism. Preparative GC and GC/MS studies showed that the activity of the oily fraction was due principally to paraffinic polysulfides (PPS) of which dimethyl trisulfide was one of the most active. Authentic samples of dimethyl trisulfide duplicated the effects of onion and garlic oils on both aggregation and AA metabolism.


Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariangela Marrelli ◽  
Valentina Amodeo ◽  
Giancarlo Statti ◽  
Filomena Conforti

Common onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the oldest cultivated plants, utilized worldwide as both vegetable and flavouring. This species is known to contain sulphur amino acids together with many vitamins and minerals. A variety of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, phytosterols and saponins, have also been identified. Despite the predominant use of this plant as food, a wide range of beneficial effects have also been proved. Different biological properties, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic, have been reported. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the studies concerning the beneficial effects of this species against obesity and its related comorbidities, such as hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and diabetes. Both in vitro and in vivo results about onion dietary supplementation have been taken into account. Furthermore, this review examines the possible role of onion bioactive components in modulating or preventing weight-gain or related diseases, as well as the possible mechanisms behind their activity.


2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. M278-M284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunčica Kocić-Tanackov ◽  
Gordana Dimić ◽  
Jelena Lević ◽  
Ilija Tanackov ◽  
Aleksandra Tepić ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-169
Author(s):  
Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana ◽  
Rainer W. Bussmann ◽  
Carolina Romero

Author(s):  
Asfiqur Rahman Plabon ◽  
M. E. Hoque ◽  
Farhana Afrin Vabna ◽  
Fahima Khatun

Salinity is a major problem affecting crop production all over the world. Excessive soil salinity can reduce the productivity of many agricultural crops including many vegetables and spices. Onion is one of the most important spices in the Asiatic region which is now in high demand. The experiment was conducted to observe in vitro regeneration of onion (Allium cepa L.) under salt stress condition from September 2016 to July 2017. The experiment was conducted as two factorial (genotype and treatment) Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications for each treatment. Shoot tip segments of three genotypes namely Faridpuri, Taherpuri and Pusa red (Indian) were cultured in MS (Murashige and skoog, 1962) media supplemented with 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM NaCl. The genotype Faridpuri gave maximum salt tolerance upto 100 mM salinity level with 10.60 cm shoot length and 1.94 cm root length having the highest relative shoot and root growth. Pusa red was found to be salinity sensitive genotype which showing lowest shoot length of 7.03 cm and root length of 0.96 cm at 100 mM NaCl treatment. However, Taherpuri was tolerant up to 100 mM salinity level with 8.14 cm shoot length and 1.25 cm root length. Both the highest fresh weight of root (54.77 mg) and dry weight of root (41.36 mg) was from the genotype Faridpuri with 25 mM NaCl treatment. However, a convenient in vitro regeneration protocol of onion genotypes under different salinity level has been developed and the genotype Faridpuri can be used for further investigation in field condition to evaluate its performance at various salinity levels.


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