PEMANFAATAN BIOFUNGISIDA BERBAHAN AKTIF Trichoderma spp. UNTUK PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT BUSUK BUAH KAKAO

Cocoa black pod rot is caused by pathogenic fungi, Phytophtora palmivora, which decrease the cocoa production up to 90%. The use of biological control agents, Trichoderma spp., is one of the promising P. palmivora controllers since it is low-cost, easily found and safe for the environment. The aims of this research were to understand the compatibility, antagonistic and effectiveness of biofungicide containing active ingredient of Trichoderma spp. against P. palmivora in vitro and to test the effective concentration of biofungicide containing active ingredient of T. asperellum to control P. palmivora in vitro and in vivo. T. asperellum, T. harzianum, and T. viride were grown together on PDA medium to test their compatibility. Antagonistic and effectiveness test of Trichoderma spp. against P. palmivora were tested using the in vitro dual culture method. The effectiveness of T. asperellum biofungicide was tested in vivo on cocoa pot. Compatibility test showed that all three species were compatible and the best effectiveness showed by the combination of T. asperellum and T. viride. The result also showed that T. asperellum biofungicide had an ability to inhibit P. palmivora. Keywords: Trichoderma spp., effectivity, compatibility, antagonistic, biofungicide ABSTRAKPenyakit busuk buah kakao disebabkan cendawan patogen Phytophtora palmivora, yang dapat menurunkan produksi kakao sampai 90%. Penggunaan agensia pengendali hayati (APH), Trichoderma spp., merupakan salah satu pengendalian P. palmivora yang menjanjikan karena murah, mudah didapat dan aman terhadap lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kesesuaian, antagonistik, dan efektivitas biofungisida berbahan aktif Trichoderma spp. secara in vitro. Di samping itu juga bertujuan mengetahui konsentrasi efektif biofungisida berbahan aktif T. asperellum untuk mengendalikan P. palmivora secara in vitro dan in vivo. T. asperellum, T. harzianum, dan T. viride, ditumbuhkan bersama pada media PDA untuk mengetahui kesesuaian antarspesies. Antagonistik dan efektivitas Trichoderma spp. terhadap P. palmivora secara in vitro diuji menggunakan metode dual culture. Biofungisida berbahan aktif T. asperellum diuji efektivitasnya secara in vivo pada buah kakao. Hasil uji kesesuaian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga spesies yang diuji berkesesuaian dan efektifitas terbaik ditunjukkan pada kombinasi T. asperellum dan T. viride. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa biofungisida berbahan aktif T. asperellum dengan konsentrasi tertinggi terbukti dapat menghambat pertumbuhan P. palmivora.Kata kunci: Trichoderma spp., efektivitas, kesesuaian, antagonis, biofungisida

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An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains

Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/038.55.2020.010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 27-34

Author(s):

G. Zadehdabagh ◽

K. Karimi ◽

M. Rezabaigi ◽

F. Ajamgard

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Khuzestan Province ◽

Inhibitory Potential ◽

Cut Rose

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.

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EKSPLORASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI CENDAWAN ANTAGONIS TERHADAP JAMUR AKAR PUTIH (Rigidoporus lignosus) PADA TANAMAN PALA (Myristica fragrans Houtt)

Jurnal Agrotek Lestari ◽

10.35308/jal.v4i2.1629 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nana Ariska ◽

Lola Adres Yanti ◽

Chairudin Chairudin

Keyword(s):

Economic Value ◽

Culture Method ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Myristica Fragrans ◽

Rigidoporus Lignosus ◽

Myristica Fragrans Houtt

Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) is a multipurpose plantation commodity crop that almost all parts of the plant have strategic economic value to be cultivated. In Indonesia there are the largest nutmeg commodity centers, including the Maluku islands, North Sulawesi and Aceh. The biggest problem with nutmeg plants is the attack of pests and diseases. One of the most severe diseases in nutmeg is white root mushroom (Rigidoporus lignosus). This study aims to 1) determine the fungus of white root fungus antagonists (Rigodoporus lignosus) from the Aceh nutmeg rhizosphere (Myristica fragrans Houtt), 2) identify the content of antibiotic fungus JAP antagonist compounds in Aceh nutmeg plants. The study was conducted by taking soil samples from nutmeg plants at three nutmeg plantations in South Aceh. The antagonist fungus isolation activity uses a dilution method. Isolation of JAP from infected roots using direct planting method. Furthermore, it is identified macroscopically and microscopically. The antagonist test was carried out using the dual culture method with RAL. From the rhizosphere in the nutmeg area, 5 candidate antagonist isolates were obtained, having high in vitro antagonism ability to the pathogen R. lignosus. Identification results showed that isolates 1, 2 and 3 were Trichoderma spp, and isolates 4 and 5 were Gliocladium virens. Keywords: In vitro, the content of antibiotic compounds, Aceh nutmeg, Rigidoporus lignosus, antagonistic test

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ASAI KEMAMPUAN BAKTERI ENDOFIT DARI KACANG TANAH DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN Sclerotium sp. PADA KECAMBAH KACANG TANAH

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA ◽

10.23960/j.hptt.214178-186 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 178-186

Author(s):

Lisa Novita Arios ◽

Dwi Suryanto . ◽

Kiki Nurtjahja . ◽

Erman Munir .

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Culture Method ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Seedling Height ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Peanut Seed ◽

Number Of Leaves

Assay on ability of endophytic bacteria isolated from peanut to inhibit Sclerotium sp. growth in peanut seedlings. A study on assay of ability of endophytic bacteria to inhibit Sclerotium sp. in peanut seedling has been done. The bacteria were isolated from peanut healthy plants, while Sclerotium sp. was isolated from infected peanaut plant. Antagonistic assay was conducted by dual culture method. In vivo assay of inhibiting Sclerotium sp. was conducted by dipping peanut seed in bacterial solution, and planting the seed in soil:compost (3:1) growing media. Six endophytic bacterial isolates showed to inhibit the growth of Sclerotium sp. in vitro. LN1 seemed to inhibit more of Sclerotium sp., while LN5 showed to inhibit less. Two potential isolates LN1 of gram-negative and LN2 of gram-positive using for further study showed to decrease more of dumping off. It also seemed that the isolates increased the seedling height, number of leaves, and dry weight.

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Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Trichoderma spp. from Rhizosphere Soil and Their Antagonistic Activity against Fusarium spp.

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i1930605 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100-112

Author(s):

Jaygendra Kumar ◽

Mukesh Kumar ◽

Akash Tomar ◽

. Vaishali ◽

Pushpendra Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Pathogens ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Its Region ◽

Culture Method ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Trichoderma Species

Trichoderma species are well known for their biocontrol activity which colonize many soil and tuber-borne and foliage plant pathogens. In this study, 12 native isolates of Trichiderma spp were collected from various crop rhizosphere soil samples and characterized them phenotypically based on morphological and cultural features and genotypically based on sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region-PCR amplification. The results obtained from phenotypic and genotypic observation revealed that isolates were belonged to five different species namely T. asperellum, T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, T. koningii and T. koningiopsis. All Trichoderma isolates produced ~600 bp amplicon and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all isolates were grouped with respective species. Further, the antagonistic potential of all the isolates was evaluated against Fusarium spp. following in vitro dual culture method. The results showed that isolates of T. harzianum exhibited maximum growth inhibition activity. The highest rate of inhibition was recorded with T. harzianum isolate TBT6 (87.1%) followed by TBT7 (82.2%), while the least inhibition was observed in T. longibrachiatum isolate TBT10 (59.7%) after 7 days of incubation. The antagonistic T. harzianum isolate TBT6 can be used for development of Trichoderma based bio-formulation and served as bio-control agent against Fusaium spp. under field conditions.

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Antagonisme Fungi Endofit Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas) terhadap Fusarium oxysporum C2 Penyebab Busuk Umbi pada Bawang Merah in Vitro

Agrotechnology Research Journal ◽

10.20961/agrotechresj.v4i1.41351 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Fauziyyah Nahdah ◽

Noorkomala Sari ◽

Akhmad Rizali ◽

Rabiatul Wahdah

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Culture Method ◽

Fungal Endophyte ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Antimicrobial Substances ◽

Spss Software

Basal plate rot is a major disease on shallot caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Endophytic fungi is promising to use as antagonist agent to the pathogen. Endophyte is microbes that are living in plant cells and have an asymptomatic characteristic. Nowadays, fungal endophyte is believed to produce antimicrobial substances similar with their plant host's natural product. Jatropha curcas is one of the plants containing secondary metabolites that have antifungal activities. The research aimed to study the ability of endophyte from Jatropha curcas to inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum. The dual culture method was used in this research and the data were analyzed by SPSS software. This antagonism test was conducted by 9 isolates endophyte and each plate consisted of 3 replicates. The result revealed endophyte fungal obtaining 9 isolates with the radial growth of 4,5 cm/2 days. Endophytes of Jatropha curcas L. were able to inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum C2. The percentage of inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum causing of root blight diseases was controlled by up 38.27 - 74.48%. The highest percentage of inhibition is gained by B4b and the lowest of it is A2b. Our observations showed that each endophyte has a consistent linear trend. B4b still leaded as the highest strength to inhibit the growth of pathogen on the monitoring of 3, 5, and 7 days. Moreover, the ability of fungi endophyte from Jatropha curcas as antagonist agent to Fusarium oxysporum needs to be further examined by the in vivo method.

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Penapisan Cendawan Trichoderma spp. untuk Pengendalian Phytophthora infestans secara in vitro

Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia ◽

10.14692/jfi.12.3.96 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 96

Author(s):

Susiana Purwantisari ◽

Achmadi Priyatmojo ◽

Retno Peni Sancayaningsih ◽

Rina Sri Kasiamdari

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

Culture Method ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Suppressive Soil ◽

Blight Disease

Late blight disease on potato caused by a plant pathogenic fungus (Phytophthora infestans) is the most important disease in Indonesia. The use of antagonist fungi Trichoderma is an environmentally friendly technology to control the potato disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of Trichoderma spp. to control P. infestans in vitro. Trichoderma spp. have been isolated from suppressive soil at central potato areas in district of Lembang, Bandung, West Java Province. To determine the inhibition ability of Trichoderma spp against P. infestans, a dual culture method was performed. Variable observed was inhibition zone of Trichoderma spp. against P. infestans. The results showed that 9 isolates of Trichoderma were successfuly isolated from suppressive soil, i.e. T. viride (2 isolates), T. atroviride (1 isolate), T. harzianum (1 isolate) and T. aureoviride (5 isolates). All the Trichoderma isolates revealed growth inhibition abality against P. infestans and. The highest growth inhibition (68.6%) was observed by T. viride isolate ( Ti 9).

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PEMANFAATAN KITOSAN DAN Trichoderma sp. Rifai. UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.) PADA BUAH PISANG CAVENDISH

Jurnal Agrotek Tropika ◽

10.23960/jat.v2i2.2087 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Fikriyah Shofiah Mawaddah ◽

Joko Prasetyo ◽

Muhammad Nurdin

Keyword(s):

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽

Culture Method ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Trichoderma Sp

Antraknosa yang disebabkan oleh Colletotrichum gloeosporioides merupakan penyakit pascapanen penting pada buahbuahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas kitosan dan Trichoderma sp. dalam menghambat pertumbuhan koloni jamur C. gloeosporioides secara in vitro dan mengetahui efektifitas kitosan dan Trichoderma sp. terhadap intensitas penyakit antraknosa yang disebabkan oleh C. gloeosporioides pada buah pisang cavendish. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung dari bulan Mei 2013 sampai dengan September 2013. Percobaan ini disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas lima perlakuan dan lima ulangan, yaitu kontrol (P0), kitosan (P1), Trichoderma sp. (P2), kombinasi kitosan dan Trichoderma sp. (P3) dan fungisida mankozeb (P4). C. gloeosporioides diperoleh dari isolasi buah pisang yang bergejala antraknosa. Pengujian secara in vitro, perlakuan kitosan konsentrasi 0,75% dicampurkan ke dalam media potato sukrose agar, perlakuan Trichoderma sp. (dual culture method), perlakuan kombinasi kitosan dan Trichoderma sp. dengan mencampurkan kitosan pada media dan dikombinasikan dengan Trichoderma sp. (dual culture method) serta perlakuan fungisida mankozeb konsentrasi 0,1% dicampurkan ke dalam media. Metode tersebut juga digunakan untuk pengujian secara in vivo pada buah pisang. Hasil pengujian secara in vitro, perlakuan kitosan, Trichoderma sp. dan kombinasi kitosan dan Trichoderma sp. efektif menghambat pertumbuhan koloni jamur C. gloeosporioides. Pada uji in vivo, masing-masing perlakuan tidak efektif menghambat intensitas penyakit antraknosa.

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Potensi Agen Hayati dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Phytium sp. secara In Vitro

Buletin Plasma Nutfah ◽

10.21082/blpn.v17n2.2011.p138-142 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 138

Author(s):

Liza Octriana

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Culture Method ◽

Biological Agents ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Central Laboratory ◽

Tropical Fruit ◽

Penicillium Sp ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Trichoderma Sp

The Potential of Biological Agents to Inhibit Growth of Phytium sp. In Vitro. The study aimed at testing the potential of some antagonistic fungi isolated from durian seedlings media to inhibit growth of Phytium sp. Research was done at the Central Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Research Solok in July-September 2009 by using a complete randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Tests was conducted by dual culture method on PDA. The results showed that Gliocladium sp., Trichoderma sp.a, Trichoderma sp.b, Aspergilus sp., and Penicillium sp. can inhibit growth of Phytium sp., with growth inhibition of 50, 49.5, 47, 48, and 38.3% respectively. Inhibition mecanism of Gliocladium sp., and Trichoderma sp. were competition, antibiosis, lisis, and parasitism, while Penicillium sp. was antibiosis. Gliocladium sp., Trichoderma sp.a, Trichoderma sp.b, Aspergilus sp., and Penicillium sp. can be used as biological agents to control pathogenic fungi Phytium sp. AbstrakPenelitian bertujuan untuk menguji potensi beberapa cendawan antagonis hasil isolasi dari media pembibitan durian dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Phytium sp. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika Solok pada bulan Juli-September 2010. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Pengujian daya antagonis cendawan dilakukan dengan metode dual culture yang diinokulasikan pada media PDA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Gliocladium sp., Trichoderma sp.a, Trichoderma sp.b., Aspergilus sp., dan Penicillium sp. dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Phytium sp. secara in vitro, dengan daya hambat masing-masing 50; 49,5; 47; 48; dan 38,3% secara berurutan. Mekanisme antagonis Gliocladium sp. dan Trichoderma sp. adalah kompetisi, antibiosis, lisis, dan parasitisme, sedangkan Penicillium sp. hanya bersifat antibiosis. Gliocladium sp., Trichoderma sp., Aspergilus sp., dan Penicillium sp. dapat digunakan sebagai agen hayati untuk mengendalikan cendawan patogen Phytium sp.

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Potensi Trichoderma spp. sebagai Agens Pengendali Fusarium spp. Penyebab Penyakit Layu pada Tanaman Stroberi

Jurnal Hortikultura ◽

10.21082/jhort.v25n4.2015.p331-339 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 331 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mutia Erti Dwiastuti ◽

Melisa N Fajri ◽

Yunimar Yunimar

Keyword(s):

Fragaria X Ananassa ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Trichoderma Sp ◽

Fusarium Sp

Layu yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium spp. merupakan salah satu penyakit penting tanaman stroberi (Fragaria x ananassa Dutch.) di daerah subtropika, yang dapat menggagalkan panen. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari potensi Trichoderma spp. dalam mengendalikan Fusarium spp. Isolat Trichoderma spp. diisolasi dari rizosfer tanaman stroberi dan Fusarium spp. diisolasi dari tanaman stroberi yang mengalami layu fusarium. Isolat cendawan dimurnikan, dikarakterisasi, dan dibandingkan dengan isolat cendawan acuan. Uji antagonis dilakukan secara in vitro dan in vivo. Uji in vitro dilakukan dengan metode dual culture dan slide culture. Uji in vivo dilakukan di rumah kasa menggunakan dua varietas stroberi, yaitu Santung serta California. Hasil penelitian in vitro memperoleh dua jenis isolat cendawan antagonis, yaitu Trichoderma sp.1 dan Trichoderma sp.2, dan dua jenis cendawan patogen Fusarium, yaitu Fusarium sp.1 dan Fusarium sp.2. Isolat Trichoderma sp.1 memiliki kemampuan antagonisme lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan isolat Trichoderma sp.2. Isolat Trichoderma sp.1 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Fusarium sp.1 dan Fusarium sp.2 secara berturut- turut, yaitu 49,7% dan 49,6%. Isolat Trichoderma sp.2 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Fusarium sp.1 dan Fusarium sp.2 lebih rendah, yaitu sebesar 45,8% dan 43,4%. Mekanisme antagonis yang terjadi antara cendawan antagonis dan patogen pada uji in vitro, yaitu pembelitan dan intervensi hifa. Hasil pada uji in vivo pada perlakuan Trichoderma sebelum Fusarium menunjukkan keefektifan pengendalian paling baik (41,72%) dibanding perlakuan lain. Varietas Santung lebih tahan terhadap serangan patogen dibandingkan varietas California. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini adalah, agens hayati Trichoderma spp. lebih optimal digunakan sebagai pencegahan (preventif) tanpa menunggu tanaman terinfeksi penyakit layu fusarium.

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Native Trichoderma grown on oat grains controls damping-off and enhances height in soybean

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632016v4742966 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 102-109

Author(s):

Alexandre Dinnys Roese ◽

Gloria Soriano Vidal ◽

Erica Camila Zielinski ◽

Louise Larissa May De Mio

Keyword(s):

Higher Plants ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Conidial Suspension ◽

Damping Off ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Agrosilvopastoral Systems

ABSTRACT Trichoderma is a biological control agent used to improve the resistance to diseases, which may also estimulate plant growth. Commercial products with Trichoderma are available in different countries, but most of them are based on conidial suspension. This study aimed at evaluating the efficiency of native Trichoderma populations collected from different production systems and applied to the soil by using two methods: conidial suspension and inoculated oat grains. The efficiency of native Trichoderma populations collected from conventional crop and agropastoral and agrosilvopastoral systems in a long-term field experiment was evaluated. The populations efficiencies were evaluated by in vivo tests that assessed the control of soybean damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani, plant height and soil colonization with the antagonist. In vitro tests, such as dual culture and assessment of volatile and non-volatile compounds, were conducted to study the mode of action of the populations. Some native Trichoderma populations were as efficient as those from a commercial product in all tests. Compared to conidial suspension, Trichoderma spp. inoculated through oat grains promoted a greater damping-off control, higher plants and more colony-forming units per gram of soil after 3 months of application. Native populations performed equally well or even better than the commercial strain, and the use of a substrate that supports the Trichoderma growth was more efficient than the conidial suspension method.

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