scholarly journals Tingkat Resistensi Helopeltis antonii (Hemiptera: Miridae) pada Tanaman Kakao terhadap Tiga Golongan Insektisida Sintetis

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Aidha Utami ◽  
Dadang Dadang ◽  
Ali Nurmansyah ◽  
I Wayan Laba
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Field Population ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Insecticide Concentration ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Medicinal Crops ◽  
Cacao Plantation ◽  
Cacao Plant ◽  
Test Result

<em>In Indonesia, </em>Helopeltis antonii<em> Signoret is one damaging pest in cacao plant which may </em><em>cause 60% production loss. Farmers have been using synthetic insecticides to control it.   However, insecticides use with inappropriate dose  can lead to resistance. The research aimed to determine the resistance level of </em>H. antonii<em> </em><em>against three types of insecticides. The research was conducted at Green House of Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor. Collection of field population and interview of insecticides use was conducted at cacao plantation in Bogor, Ciamis, and Sukabumi, West Java from August 2016 to June 2017. The insect used was 3rd instar which divided into two groups, laboratory and field populations. Insecticides used contained active ingredients of chlorpyrifos (organophosphate), lambda-cyhalothrin (pyrethroid), and thiamethoxam (neonicotinoid). Cucumber was used as feed substitute for the multiplication of </em>H. antonii<em> test. The e</em><em>xperiment was performed using five insecticide concentrations determined by preliminary test result. The relationships between insecticide concentration and insect mortality was analyzed by probit program. The interviews indicated that the insecticides widely used by farmers are pyrethroid type. The result demonstrated that field population of </em>H. antonii<em> </em><em>from Bogor and Ciamis were resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin with resistance ratio (RR) of 4.2 and 10.8, respectively, whereas population from Sukabumi had RR value of 1.2. All field population of </em>H. antonii<em> showed resistance indication against thiamethoxam with RR ranged </em><em>from 1.8 to 3.1. Resistance indication to chlorpyrifos was only shown by population from Bogor (RR 1.5).</em>

scholarly journals Saringan Cangkang Telur Bebek Efektif Memperbaiki Kualitas pH Dan Kadar Besi Air Sumur Bor

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Rahmatullah Jati Pradopo ◽  
Sulaiman Hamzani ◽  
Syarifudin A.
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Trial Analysis ◽  
Water Well ◽  
Egg Shells ◽  
Duck Egg ◽  
Filter Thickness ◽  
Test Result

Water well drill that is in the Pondok Pesantren Hidayatullah Banjarbaru seen physically yellowish and smelly. Preliminary test result obtained pH 4.9 and Fe 2.5 mg/L. Based on the quality of clean water standards have not fulfilled the requirements of 1.0 mg/L and pH 6.5-8.5. It needs to be done research test of duck egg filter making in improving the quality of pH and Fe water well drill. The goal of this research is to know the effectiveness of duck egg filter in improving the quality of pH and Fe water wells drill. Types of research are experiments with pretest-posttest with control group. The population in the research is the whole water well drill in the Pondok Pesantren Hidayatullah Banjarbaru. A research sample is a water well drill that is partially taken for trial. Analysis of the influence thickness of the sieve using Anova asymp Test < œ (0.000 < 0.05) means there is a difference between the filter thickness of duck egg, 0 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm. Then done test Posh Hoc Tests can be concluded that there is a meaningful difference between the thickness of the filter of ducks egg shells 0 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 60 Based on the research results of the sieve 40 cm with a weight of 291 gram is an effective sieve in lowering the water level of the well drill.

Performance of Commercial Insecticide Formulations Against Different Developmental Stages of Insecticide-Resistant Tropical Bed Bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Yeng Leong ◽  
Dae-Yun Kim ◽  
Kai Dang ◽  
G Veera Singham ◽  
Stephen L Doggett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
Bed Bugs ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Bed Bug ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Cimex Hemipterus ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

Abstract This study examined the presence of insecticide resistance in different developmental stages (adults, first instars, and eggs) of the tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (F.) using several insecticide formulations. Adults and first instars of five strains (Queensland, Kuala Lumpur, Bukit Mertajam, Saujana, and Krystal Point) were evaluated using the surface contact method and compared with a susceptible strain (Monheim) of the common bed bug Cimex lectularius L. The insecticide formulations were used at their label rates in this study: Tandem (thiamethoxam [11.6%], lambda-cyhalothrin [3.5%]) at 183.96 mg/m2; Temprid SC (imidacloprid [21%], beta-cyfluthrin [10.5%]) at 106.13 mg/m2; Sumithion 20CS (fenitrothion [20%]) at 250 mg/m2; Pesguard FG161 (d-tetramethrin [4.4%], cyphenothrin [13.2%]) at 110 mg/m2; and Sumithrin 10SEC (d-phenothrin [10%]) at 100 mg/m2. Results showed a very high level of resistance to Pesguard FG161 (388.3 to >605.0 times) and Sumithrin (302.9 to >365.5 times) in all adults of the strains tested, whereas low to high levels of resistance were registered for Tandem (1.4–4.7 times), Temprid (7.3–16.7 times), and Sumithion (1.2–14.6 times) for adults of all bed bug strains. For first instars, resistance to the former two formulations were high to very high (31.4–118.1 times). In contrast, they showed lower resistance to Tandem, Temprid, and Sumithion (1.0–10.2 times). An immersion method used to test on bed bug eggs found high to very high resistance toward all tested formulations. Results demonstrate that the resistance level varies between bed bug developmental stages.

scholarly journals Efficiency of insecticides on nymphs and adults of Dichelops melacanthus(Dallas, 1851) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-29
Author(s):  
Matheus Fabichaki Paz ◽  
Yasmin Regina Diel ◽  
Patrícia Paula Bellon ◽  
Jonas Felipe Recalcatti
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Aluminum Silicate ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Potential Damage

Thegreen-belly stink bug, Dichelops melacanthus, stands out as one of the main pests of the corn crop, mainly for its potential damage at the beginning of crop development, due to the sap suction at the base of seedlings, causing tillering and trimming symptoms, decreasing productivity and product quality. Aiming at the control of thestink bug, the objective of the present research was to evaluate the effect of insecticides, as well as the lethal time(LT50) of these products on D. melacanthus. To perform the tests, it was used third instar nymphs and adults of D. melacanthusaged up to 72 hours, which were individualized in Petri dishes. For the application of the insecticide, corn leaves were collected and placed in plastic trays. With the aid of a pressurized spray, the insecticides Acefathe + Aluminum silicate (5 g/L), Thiamethoxam + Lambda-Cyhalothrin (1 mL/L), Imidacloprid + Bifenthrin (1.75 mL/L), Bifenthrin + Zeta-Cypermethrin (0.75 mL/L) and Azadiractin (10 mL/L) were applied. In the control, only distilled water was applied. Subsequently, the pulverized leaf pieces were individualized in the Petri dishes, where the third instar and adult bedbugs were already allocated. After application, each treatment was evaluated at 15, 30 minutes, 1, 3, 5, 24 and 48 hours, accounting for insect mortality. Tocorrect mortality, the values were transformed using the Scheneider-Orelli formula. The relationship between the periods of action of the insecticides on the mortality rate of insects was verified by nonlinear regression analysis, using the mathematical model of dose-response. All chemical insecticides evaluated were effective in controlling third instar nymphs; however, when applied to adults, Thiamethoxam + Lambda -Cyhalothrin and Acefathe + Aluminum silicate had reductions in bedbug mortality. Azadiractin showed low efficiency in controlling nymphs and adults of D. melacanthus. Insecticides showed better LT50 in nymphs when compared to adults. The insecticides Imidacloprid + Bifenthrin, Thiamethoxam + Lambda -Cyhalothrin and Bifenthrin + Zeta-Cypermethrin obtained the best LT50 responses for nymphs and adults of the green-belly stink bug. All chemical insecticides evaluated can be used in the integrated management of D. melacanthus.

scholarly journals Resistensi populasai hama bawang merah Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) terhadap klorfluazuron

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Abdi Negara
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Diet ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Resistance of Onion Pest Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations to Chlorfluazuron. The research was conducted from August 2001 until April 2002 in the Kalitiro Agriculture Training and Development Research Station, Gadjah Mada University. The objective of research was to determine the resistance level of Spodoptera exigua populations collected from the district of Sanden, Kretek, Wates, Temon, Panjatan, Wonosari, Panggang and Playen (all are in Yogyakarta Province) to chlorfluazuron insecticide. Research was conducted by dipping artificial diet about 30 seconds in insecticide solution and there are used test two hours after they were air dried. Based on the preliminary test, different concentrations were tested to determine the toxicity of the insecticide to each population. Third instar larvae (five days old) of the first generation were used in bioassays. Each larvae with its artificial diet was placed in a plastic cup (diameter 3,5 cm). Larval mortality was recorded at 72 hours after exposure. Data was analyzed using probit analysis to determine LC50 values. The result showed that the LC50 values of chlorfluazuron againsts eight population of S. exigua at 72 hours after exposure varied from 16,10 ppm (Panggang) to 84,76 ppm (Panjatan). The results suggested that all populations from Panggang, Playen, Kretek, Sanden, Wates, Wonosari and Temon were still susceptible to chlorfluazuron. Population from Panjatan indicated to be resistant to chlorfluazuron.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Kualitas dan Kuantitas Biji Kakao Melalui Intensifikasi Perawatan Kakao, Introduksi Alat Budidaya, dan Pengering Sistem Hybrid

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Mercy Bientri Yunindanova ◽  
Dimas Rahadian Aji Muhammad ◽  
Sigit Prabawa
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Plant Maintenance ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Maintenance Activities ◽  
Cacao Plantation ◽  
Cacao Plant ◽  
Drying Chamber ◽  
Production Industry

Putat village, Patuk district, Gunung Kidul regency is one of cocoa production center in Yogjakarta. Cocoa bean products in this region have been marketed not only in Yogjakarta but also several areas in Indonesia. In order to support production continuity of cocoa bean productions, to date the farmers face obtacles in cacao plantation maintenance and cocoa beans drying. Thus, this activity aimed to increase quality and quantity of cocoa beans through maintenance intensifications of cacao and introduction of cacao cultivation equipments and cocoa beans drying hybrid system. Partner in this activities were Kelompok Tani Kakao Sido Dadi and cocoa dan chocolate production industry “Joglo Coklat” located in Patuk, Gunung Kidul, Yogjakarta. The activities were conducted in several stages including 1) basic data collection, 2) socialization of cacao plantation maintenance, 3) socialization of cocoa beans drying, 4) introduction of cultivation equipments, 5) contruction of drying chamber, 6) handover of equipment, and 7) evaluation of parnter response. The results of the activity indicated that the provision of information and the introduction of equipment for cacao plant maintenance activities had a positive impact on partners. From the questionnaires, the partners stated the benefits of this activity and the desire for sustainable activities. The introduction of maintenance equipment and cocoa beans drying made it easier for farmers to carry out cultivation, harvest and post-harvest activities of cocoa beans so would be able to improve the quality and quantity of cocoa beans.

scholarly journals Status dan Mekanisme Resistensi Biokimia Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) terhadap Insektisida Organofosfat serta Kepekaannya terhadap Insektisida Botani Ekstrak Biji Barringtonia asiatica

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANAR DONO ◽  
SYAFRI ISMAYANA ◽  
IDAR IDAR ◽  
DJOKO PRIJONO ◽  
IKHA MUSLIKHA
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Management ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Field Population ◽  
Resistance Ratio ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Contact Test ◽  
Synthetic Insecticide ◽  
The Difference

An examination of insect resistance was determined by several steps, i.e. standard sensitivity, resistance diagnosis, and determination of resistance level. Each phase was tested with feeding and residue contact methods at glass tube. Resistance ratio (RR) was determined by comparing LC50 value of field population with standard population. Field population of C. pavonana was classified resistant if it had RR 5 4. Biochemistry analysis of resistance was conducted to population of C. pavonana showing resistance to prophenophos insecticide. The activity analysis of acetylcholine esterase (ACHE), esterase, and Glutation Stransferase was done with spectrophotometer method. Insect which are resistant to prophenophos insecticide was tested for its sensitivity to Barringtonia asiatica seed extract. Result indicated that C. pavonana population from Pengalengan showed resistance to prophenophos synthetic insecticide. Using contact test, the highest resistance ratio value was 4.04, while by feeding assay the RR was 2.78. The study on biochemical resistance mechanisms of each field population of C. pavonana showed various activities of enzymatic detoxification. This could be due to the difference in the kind of insecticides exposed to each field population of C. pavonana. Since RR value from the contact test was higher than that of the feeding test, the resistance development of C. pavonana to synthetic insecticides was probably caused by physiological and biochemical changes in insect cuticle rather than the activity of detoxification enzyme. Methanolic seed extract of B. asiatica can be used as an alternative of resistance management of C. pavonana to prophenophos synthetic insecticide.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Insecticides resistance against cotton Jassid (Amrasca biguttutla biguttutla) under laboratory conditions

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Javed ◽  
M. S. Asim ◽  
A. R. Ishaq ◽  
T. Younis ◽  
M. Manzoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Population ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
High Level

Abstract Development of insecticides resistance mainly hinge with managements techniques for the control of Jassid, Amrasca biguttutla biguttutla. Five insecticides were applied against field collected and laboratory rared jassid populations during the years of 2017 to 2019 to profile their resistance level against field population of jassid through leaf dip method. Very low resistance level was found in jassid against confidor whereas high level of resistance was observed by pyriproxyfen against other test insecticides. Gradual resistance was observed against diafenthiuron. It is concluded that for the management of Jassid repetition of same insecticide should be avoided. The use of confidor may be reduced to overcome resistance against Jassid.

150 USING A LUTEINIZING HORMONE SURGE DETECTION TEST, PREDI'BOV®, TO OPTIMIZE THE TIME OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION DURING A SUPEROVULATION PROTOCOL IN A HOLSTEIN HEIFERS HERD

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
H. Quinton ◽  
F. Charreaux ◽  
A. Morel ◽  
A. Rohou ◽  
L. Dupuy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Embryo Viability ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
Activity Peak ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Surge ◽  
Test Result

Insemination of superovulated bovine donors in due time is of central importance for fertilization and embryo viability. A preliminary test focusing on LH surge detection during superovulation (unpublished datas) indicated that one quarter of the donors present LH surges 12 to 24 h before heat observation (which could correspond, in the case of AI after heat observation, to post ovulation AI). Therefore, it was hypothesised that the average number of embryos per flush could be improved by inseminating donors with early LH surge 12 h after the beginning of the LH peak whenever the heat occurs.In a donor herd station, a trial was performed with 54 Holstein heifers, equipped with Heatime® tags (system detecting the peak activity linked to the heat) collected twice or 3 times after the following superovulation protocol: D-6 to D-11 = reference heat; D0 = input of an implant of norgestomet (Crestar®); D2 8:00 = first FSH (Stimufol®) injection (FSH1); D4 8:00 = cloprostenol (Estrumate®) injection; D4 16:00 = implant removal; D5 8:00 = FSH7 and first LH surge detection test (Predi'Bov®); D5 16:00 = FSH8 and 2nd Predi'Bov® test. Two AI's at interval of 8 to 16h were done (AI's were performed either at 9:00, or between 17:00 and 19:00). For the standard protocol (= STA), thefirst AI occurred after heat observation or activity peak detection by Heatime (whatever the Predi'Bov® test results were). For the adjusted protocol (= ADJ), the first AI occurred from 11 to 16 h after the first positive Predi'Bov® test result or like STA protocol if both results were negative. Heifers followed alternately the 2 protocols, 27 beginning with the ADJ protocol, 27 others with the STA one. LH surge precocity was not repeatable among donors. In the case of an early LH surge detection (one positive Predi'Bov® test), the heat activity peak occurred from 2 to 8 h after the FSH8 for 44% of the flushes, from 8 to 24 h after FSH8 for 54% of the flushes and never for 2% of the flushes. When no early LH surge was observed, the heat activity peak occurred more than 8 h after FSH8 for 78% of the flushes. Interval of heat activity peak-FSH8, IA1-heat activity peak and IA1-early LH surge were highly variable but did not effect the mean number of viable embryos. However, we observed a significant effect (P = 0.04) of the precocity of the heat on the average number of total embryos: 13.8 ± 8.4 v. 11.1 ± 8.1 when the interval heat activity peak-FSH8 had been respectively <8 h or ≥8 h, respecively. Among the 148 collections, 74 were done after the STA protocol, 74 after the ADJ protocol and 70 followed an early LH surge. The adjustment of the AI depending on the detection of an early LH surge (ADJ protocol) had a significant positive (P = 0.04) effect on the mean percentage of viable embryos per flush (52% ± 28 in STA group and 62% ± 31 in ADJ group). Nevertheless, regarding the mean number of viable embryos, this effect failed to reach significance (P = 0.23) (respectively 5.7 ± 5.1 in STA group and 6.7 ± 6.7 in ADJ group). A larger study on more animals is necessary to obtain a significant difference in the number of viable embryos.

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