scholarly journals Monitoring of Insecticides resistance against cotton Jassid (Amrasca biguttutla biguttutla) under laboratory conditions

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Javed ◽  
M. S. Asim ◽  
A. R. Ishaq ◽  
T. Younis ◽  
M. Manzoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Population ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
High Level

Abstract Development of insecticides resistance mainly hinge with managements techniques for the control of Jassid, Amrasca biguttutla biguttutla. Five insecticides were applied against field collected and laboratory rared jassid populations during the years of 2017 to 2019 to profile their resistance level against field population of jassid through leaf dip method. Very low resistance level was found in jassid against confidor whereas high level of resistance was observed by pyriproxyfen against other test insecticides. Gradual resistance was observed against diafenthiuron. It is concluded that for the management of Jassid repetition of same insecticide should be avoided. The use of confidor may be reduced to overcome resistance against Jassid.

scholarly journals Resistance to Asian soybean rust in soybean lines with the pyramided three Rpp genes

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Yamanaka ◽  
Noelle G Lemos ◽  
Miori Uno ◽  
Hajime Akamatsu ◽  
Yuichi Yamaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽  
Soybean Line ◽  
Pathogen Population ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Asian Soybean Rust ◽  
High Level

In this study, the influence of genetic background on the resistance level of a soybean line carrying Rpp2, Rpp4, and Rpp5 was evaluated by backcrossing it with a susceptible variety. It was also evaluated eight lines which carry these Rpp genes against five Asian soybean rust (ASR) isolates, in order to determine the likely range of resistance against ASR isolates differing in pathogenicity. The results indicated that a high level of resistance against various ASR isolates could be retained in lines carrying the three Rpp genes in susceptible genetic backgrounds, although minor influences of plant genetic background and ASR pathogenicity to the ASR resistance could occur. Thus, lines with the pyramided three Rpp genes should be effective against a complex pathogen population consisting of diverse Phakopsora pachyrhizi isolates.

scholarly journals High Levels of Antibiotic Resistance in Isolates From Diseased Livestock

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Asyiqin Haulisah ◽  
Latiffah Hassan ◽  
Siti Khairani Bejo ◽  
Saleh Mohammed Jajere ◽  
Nur Indah Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Livestock Health ◽  
High Level

Overuse of antimicrobials in livestock health and production beyond therapeutic needs has been highlighted in recent years as one of the major risk factors for the acceleration of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of bacteria in both humans and animals. While there is an abundance of reports on AMR in clinical isolates from humans, information regarding the patterns of resistance in clinical isolates from animals is scarce. Hence, a situational analysis of AMR based on clinical isolates from a veterinary diagnostic laboratory was performed to examine the extent and patterns of resistance demonstrated by isolates from diseased food animals. Between 2015 and 2017, 241 cases of diseased livestock were received. Clinical specimens from ruminants (cattle, goats and sheep), and non-ruminants (pigs and chicken) were received for culture and sensitivity testing. A total of 701 isolates were recovered from these specimens. From ruminants, Escherichia coli (n = 77, 19.3%) predominated, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (n = 73, 18.3%). Antibiotic sensitivity testing (AST) revealed that E. coli resistance was highest for penicillin, streptomycin, and neomycin (77–93%). In addition, S. aureus was highly resistant to neomycin, followed by streptomycin and ampicillin (68–82%). More than 67% of E. coli isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR) and only 2.6% were susceptible to all the tested antibiotics. Similarly, 65.6% of S. aureus isolates were MDR and only 5.5% were susceptible to all tested antibiotics. From non-ruminants, a total of 301 isolates were recovered. Escherichia coli (n = 108, 35.9%) and Staphylococcus spp. (n = 27, 9%) were the most frequent isolates obtained. For E. coli, the highest resistance was against amoxicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and neomycin (95–100%). Staphylococcus spp. had a high level of resistance to streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and gentamicin (80–100%). The MDR levels of E. coli and Staphylococcus spp. isolates from non-ruminants were 72.2 and 74.1%, respectively. Significantly higher resistance level were observed among isolates from non-ruminants compared to ruminants for tetracycline, amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.

scholarly journals Arteriovenous Anastomoses in the Dermal Vasculatureof the Skin of Bos taurus Cattle, and their Relationship with Resistance to the Tick, Boophilus micro plus

1981 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
AV Schleger ◽  
DT Lincoln ◽  
AS Bourne
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Arteriovenous Anastomoses ◽  
Tick Feeding ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
The Mean

Bos taurus cattle with high resistance to the tick Boophilus micro plus, whether free-grazing or in covered pens, had significantly more arteriovenous anastomoses (A VA) in their skin than did animals of low resistance. These differences in number of A VA associated with resistance level were most marked above the level of the sebaceous gland in the neck region, an area favoured for tick feeding. In this skin layer, the number of AVA in low-resistance animals (4�0�0�4 per 2�1 mm) was significantly lower than in animals of high resistance (12�3 � 2�2 per 2�1 mm) while the mean value for the naive animals (8�2 � 1 �9 per 2�1 mm) was intermediate. No differences in morphology of AVA were detectable between the three groups using light microscopy.

scholarly journals A Novel Insertion Mutation in Streptomyces coelicolor Ribosomal S12 Protein Results in Paromomycin Resistance and Antibiotic Overproduction

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guojun Wang ◽  
Takashi Inaoka ◽  
Susumu Okamoto ◽  
Kozo Ochi
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Streptomyces Coelicolor ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Translation System ◽  
Insertion Mutation ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Double Mutation ◽  
Paromomycin Resistance ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT We identified a novel paromomycin resistance-associated mutation in rpsL, caused by the insertion of a glycine residue at position 92, in Streptomyces coelicolor ribosomal protein S12. This insertion mutation (GI92) resulted in a 20-fold increase in the paromomycin resistance level. In combination with another S12 mutation, K88E, the GI92 mutation markedly enhanced the production of the blue-colored polyketide antibiotic actinorhodin and the red-colored antibiotic undecylprodigiosin. The gene replacement experiments demonstrated that the K88E-GI92 double mutation in the rpsL gene was responsible for the marked enhancement of antibiotic production observed. Ribosomes with the K88E-GI92 double mutation were characterized by error restrictiveness (i.e., hyperaccuracy). Using a cell-free translation system, we found that mutant ribosomes harboring the K88E-GI92 double mutation but not ribosomes harboring the GI92 mutation alone displayed sixfold greater translation activity relative to that of the wild-type ribosomes at late growth phase. This resulted in the overproduction of actinorhodin, caused by the transcriptional activation of the pathway-specific regulatory gene actII-orf4, possibly due to the increased translation of transcripts encoding activators of actII-orf4. The mutant with the K88E-GI92 double mutation accumulated a high level of ribosome recycling factor at late stationary phase, underlying the high level of protein synthesis activity observed.

scholarly journals No-choice ovipositional nonpreference of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B biotype on tomato genotypes

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Auxiliadora de Godoy Oriani ◽  
José Djair Vendramim ◽  
Cristina Jensen Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Ovipositional Preference ◽  
High Level ◽  
Type V ◽  
Tomato Genotypes ◽  
B Biotype

Brazil is one of the main tomato producers worldwide. Nevertheless, 40 to 70% of the production is lost due to Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B biotype attacks. Resistant plant germplasm can be an important method for controlling this pest in an integrated pest management program. This research aimed to evaluate the no-choice ovipositional preference of B. tabaci B biotype on 18 tomato genotypes with different densities and types of trichomes testing two screening techniques and to determine the influence of trichomes on whitefly ovipositional preference. Two methods of confinement experiments were used. Leaflets detached from the upper third part of the tomato plants (first experiment) and 30-day-old plants (second experiment) were infested with whiteflies during 24 h. For the first experiment, simple linear correlation tests between the number of insects and eggs, and number of trichomes in the tomato genotypes were carried out. The first technique was better than the second one, as it was easier to carry out and the evaluation demanded less time and as well as was effective to discriminate the resistance level of the evaluated genotypes. Glandular trichomes had a negative correlation with attracted adults and number of eggs deposited, and a positive correlation with number of trapped insects. Negative correlations were observed between number of nonglandular trichomes and trapped insects, and also between total number of trichomes and attracted and trapped insects. Positive correlations were observed between number of total trichomes and eggs cm-2 and nonglandular trichomes and number of eggs. Both confinement methods efficiently discriminated whitefly oviposition among genotypes, especially the resistant ones. High levels of antixenosis for oviposition related to type IV glandular trichomes were exhibited by genotypes LA716, PI134417 and PI134418. The high level of ovipositional preference by B. tabaci for genotypes LA1963 and NAV1062 was related to a high density of type V nonglandular trichomes.

Performance of Commercial Insecticide Formulations Against Different Developmental Stages of Insecticide-Resistant Tropical Bed Bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Yeng Leong ◽  
Dae-Yun Kim ◽  
Kai Dang ◽  
G Veera Singham ◽  
Stephen L Doggett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
Bed Bugs ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Bed Bug ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Cimex Hemipterus ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

Abstract This study examined the presence of insecticide resistance in different developmental stages (adults, first instars, and eggs) of the tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (F.) using several insecticide formulations. Adults and first instars of five strains (Queensland, Kuala Lumpur, Bukit Mertajam, Saujana, and Krystal Point) were evaluated using the surface contact method and compared with a susceptible strain (Monheim) of the common bed bug Cimex lectularius L. The insecticide formulations were used at their label rates in this study: Tandem (thiamethoxam [11.6%], lambda-cyhalothrin [3.5%]) at 183.96 mg/m2; Temprid SC (imidacloprid [21%], beta-cyfluthrin [10.5%]) at 106.13 mg/m2; Sumithion 20CS (fenitrothion [20%]) at 250 mg/m2; Pesguard FG161 (d-tetramethrin [4.4%], cyphenothrin [13.2%]) at 110 mg/m2; and Sumithrin 10SEC (d-phenothrin [10%]) at 100 mg/m2. Results showed a very high level of resistance to Pesguard FG161 (388.3 to >605.0 times) and Sumithrin (302.9 to >365.5 times) in all adults of the strains tested, whereas low to high levels of resistance were registered for Tandem (1.4–4.7 times), Temprid (7.3–16.7 times), and Sumithion (1.2–14.6 times) for adults of all bed bug strains. For first instars, resistance to the former two formulations were high to very high (31.4–118.1 times). In contrast, they showed lower resistance to Tandem, Temprid, and Sumithion (1.0–10.2 times). An immersion method used to test on bed bug eggs found high to very high resistance toward all tested formulations. Results demonstrate that the resistance level varies between bed bug developmental stages.

scholarly journals Tingkat Resistensi Helopeltis antonii (Hemiptera: Miridae) pada Tanaman Kakao terhadap Tiga Golongan Insektisida Sintetis

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Aidha Utami ◽  
Dadang Dadang ◽  
Ali Nurmansyah ◽  
I Wayan Laba
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Field Population ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Insecticide Concentration ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Medicinal Crops ◽  
Cacao Plantation ◽  
Cacao Plant ◽  
Test Result

<em>In Indonesia, </em>Helopeltis antonii<em> Signoret is one damaging pest in cacao plant which may </em><em>cause 60% production loss. Farmers have been using synthetic insecticides to control it.   However, insecticides use with inappropriate dose  can lead to resistance. The research aimed to determine the resistance level of </em>H. antonii<em> </em><em>against three types of insecticides. The research was conducted at Green House of Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor. Collection of field population and interview of insecticides use was conducted at cacao plantation in Bogor, Ciamis, and Sukabumi, West Java from August 2016 to June 2017. The insect used was 3rd instar which divided into two groups, laboratory and field populations. Insecticides used contained active ingredients of chlorpyrifos (organophosphate), lambda-cyhalothrin (pyrethroid), and thiamethoxam (neonicotinoid). Cucumber was used as feed substitute for the multiplication of </em>H. antonii<em> test. The e</em><em>xperiment was performed using five insecticide concentrations determined by preliminary test result. The relationships between insecticide concentration and insect mortality was analyzed by probit program. The interviews indicated that the insecticides widely used by farmers are pyrethroid type. The result demonstrated that field population of </em>H. antonii<em> </em><em>from Bogor and Ciamis were resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin with resistance ratio (RR) of 4.2 and 10.8, respectively, whereas population from Sukabumi had RR value of 1.2. All field population of </em>H. antonii<em> showed resistance indication against thiamethoxam with RR ranged </em><em>from 1.8 to 3.1. Resistance indication to chlorpyrifos was only shown by population from Bogor (RR 1.5).</em>

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF K. PNEUMONIAE STRAINS ISOLATED IN A MULTIDISCIPLINARY HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
E. G. Antonova ◽  
◽  
I. V. Zhyltsou ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
High Level

Background. The prevalence of infections caused by multiple resistant K. pneumoniae strains is an actual problem. Purpose. To investigate antibacterial resistance of hospital strains of K. pneumoniae – causative agents of purulent septic infections, to determine the resistance level of carbapenem-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae to polymyxins, to analyze their main profiles of antibiotic sensitivity. Material and methods. Antibiotic susceptibility of 146 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae was determined using the disk diffusion method. The method of sequential microdilutions in broth with determination of MIC was used for isolates resistant to carbapenems. Results. For the majority of clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae (85.2%), only 3 antibiotics (colistin, tigecycline and amikacin) showed acceptable activity in vitro. For one strain resistance to all tested antimicrobial drugs was revealed. Conclusion. The data on extremely high resistance of K. pneumoniae to carbapenems, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides were confirmed. A high level of colistin resistance was also identified.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children in Moscow before and after the introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Natalia M. Alyabyeva ◽  
Ekaterina A. Brzhozovskaya ◽  
Olga A. Ponomarenko ◽  
Anna V. Lazareva ◽  
Andrey P. Fisenko
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotypes ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Level

Introduction. The formation and spread of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates is a concern. After the thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was added to the children’s immunization program in Russia in 2014, an important task is to monitor the resistance level to antimicrobials and the spectrum of circulating antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal serotypes. Materials and methods. The study included 708 nasopharyngeal pneumococcal isolates from children patients under 5 years who recovered from 2010 to 2018, received inpatient and outpatient care at the National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health (Moscow). The determination of sensitivity to antimicrobials was performed by the disk diffusion method. The MICs of penicillin, amoxicillin, and erythromycin were determined using the E-test method. Evaluation of the results was carried out according to the EUCAST-2019 criteria. Results. In total, 33 different serotypes were identified in the S. pneumoniae collection. Six predominant serotypes accounted for 68.6% of the total distribution and included serotypes: 19F, 6B, 23F, 14, 15B/C, 6A. In general, antimicrobial resistance ranged from 3.5% to chloramphenicol to 54.8% to tetracycline. The level of resistance to oxacillin, erythromycin, and clindamycin increased by 15-20% between 2010 and 2018. However, since 2016, there has established a prevalence level of 40-46%, this process is offset by an increase in the proportion of non-vaccine pneumococcal serotypes. Conclusion. A high level of resistance to penicillin and erythromycin remains. Monitoring the resistance level to antibiotics and the epidemiology of serotypes, clarifying the laws of formation of resistance, and its spread in a dynamically changing pneumococcal population is an important area of microbiology.

scholarly journals Ferric Citrate Transport of Escherichia coli: Functional Regions of the FecR Transmembrane Regulatory Protein

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (9) ◽  
pp. 2387-2394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietrich Welz ◽  
Volkmar Braun
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Sigma Factor ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Ferric Citrate ◽  
Outer Membrane Receptor ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Ampicillin Resistance ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
Citrate Transport

ABSTRACT Transcription of the ferric citrate transport genes ofEscherichia coli is induced by ferric citrate bound to the outer membrane receptor FecA. Additional ferric citrate-specific regulatory proteins are FecR in the cytoplasmic membrane and the FecI sigma factor in the cytoplasm. To further understand the assumed FecR-mediated signal transduction across the cytoplasmic membrane, the transmembrane topology of FecR (317 amino acids) was determined with hybrid proteins containing portions of FecR and mature BlaM β-lactamase. BlaM fused to FecR regions extending from residues 107 to 149 and residues 230 to 259 conferred high ampicillin resistance to cells, while BlaM fused to sites between residues 159 and 210 and between residues 265 and 301 conferred low resistance. Cells that synthesized FecR′-BlaM with fusion joints between residues 8 and 81 of FecR were fully sensitive to ampicillin. The ampicillin resistance of the low-resistance FecR′-BlaM hybrids was increased 2- to 10-fold by cosynthesis of plasmid-encoded GroEL GroES and SecB chaperones and indegP and ompT protease mutants, which suggested that the decreased ampicillin resistance level of these hybrids was caused by the formation of inclusion bodies and proteolytic degradation. Replacement of glycine by aspartate residues in the only hydrophobic FecR sequence (residues 85 to 100) abolished the β-lactamase activity of high-resistance FecR′-BlaM proteins, indicating that there are no other transmembrane regions in FecR that translocate BlaM into the periplasm independent of the hydrophobic sequence. All FecR′-BlaM proteins with at least 61 FecR residues complemented a fecR mutant such that it could grow on ferric citrate as the sole iron source and inducedfecA-lacZ transcription independent of ferric citrate. The low resistance mediated by two FecR′-BlaM proteins in afecA deletion mutant was increased 20-fold by transformation with a fecA-encoding plasmid. We propose that FecR spans the cytoplasmic membrane once, interacts in the periplasm with its C-terminal region with FecA occupied by ferric citrate, and transmits the information through the cytoplasmic membrane into the cytoplasm, where it converts FecI into an active sigma factor.

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