scholarly journals Teachers’ Influence on Children’s Selection and Use of Play Materials in Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Mweru
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Preschool Teachers ◽  
Gender Socialization ◽  
Gender Role Attitude ◽  
Play Materials ◽  
And Training

Gender socialization has an impact on children and any gender stereotyped verbal comments or activities assigned to children by those in charge are bound to influence the attitudes children have of themselves. This exploratory study therefore set out to investigate among 36 Kenyan preschool teachers if they hold gender-stereotyped views and if they communicate these views to children during selection and use of play materials. To collect data, an observation schedule was used. T-tests were then performed to find specific intergroup differences. Teachers were found to influence children in a gender stereotyped manner with more influence being exerted on boys than on girls. This influence on the children may encourage the children to adopt gender roles that are not always fair to both genders. This study therefore advocates for the encouragement and training of teachers to adopt an androgynous gender role attitude. In this way teachers may also encourage this same attitude in preschool children.

scholarly journals The Gender Role Attitude Scale (GRAS) as an alternative for the crisis in measurement of attitudes towards gender roles in Latin America: A study in Chilean university students

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-576
Author(s):  
Beatriz Pérez Sánchez ◽  
Andrés Concha-Salgado ◽  
Asunción Fernández-Suárez ◽  
Joel Juarros-Basterretxea ◽  
Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
University Students ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Gender Role Attitude ◽  
Floor Effect ◽  
Stereotyped Attitudes ◽  
The Revolution

Hemos experimentado cambios socioculturales que han favorecido el desarrollo de actitudes de roles de género (GRA) más igualitarias. Sin embargo, actualmente la revolución en los roles de género está incompleta y la falta de equidad en las estructuras sociales limita las experiencias individuales en igualdad. Ante esta realidad, la comunidad científica exige un sistema modernizado para medir GRA. Presentamos adaptación, evidencia de validez factorial y convergente, precisión, efecto techo y piso, normas de interpretación por sexo, y análisis del GRA más fácil y difícil de modificar, para la Escala de Actitudes de Rol de Género (EARG) en muestra de 1013 universitarios chilenos. La EARG tiene una estructura bifactorial que evalúa actitudes estereotipadas y trascendentes en contextos familiares, sociales y laborales. Presenta validez convergente con una medida de doble estándar sexual y es más confiable en puntajes bajos de trascendencia y puntajes altos de actitudes estereotipadas. El factor trascendente tuvo un efecto techo, y las actitudes estereotipadas un efecto suelo. Los roles familiares de género son los más fáciles de cambiar, y los relacionados con el trabajo los más difíciles. Se discute la necesidad de un cambio estructural para reactivar la revolución de los roles de género en Chile. We have experienced sociocultural changes, which have favoured the development of egalitarian gender role attitudes (GRA). Nevertheless, the revolution in gender roles is incomplete, and the lack of equity in social structures limits the individual experiences in equality. In the face of this reality, the scientific community is demanding a modernised system for measuring GRA. We present adaptation, evidence of factorial and convergent validity, accuracy, ceiling and floor effect, norms of interpretation by sex, and analyses of the GRA easiest or most difficult to modify, for the Gender Role Attitudes Scale (GRAS) in a sample of 1013 Chilean university students. The GRAS has a two-factor structure that allows the evaluation of stereotyped and transcendent attitudes of gender roles in family, social, and work contexts. The scale presents convergent validity with a sexual double standard measure and is more reliable in the low scores of transcendence and the high scores of stereotyped attitudes. Transcendent factor had a ceiling effect, and stereotyped attitudes had a floor effect. Family gender roles are the easiest to change, and work-related roles the most difficult. The authors discuss the need for a structural change to reactivate the revolution of gender roles in Chile.

scholarly journals Traditional gender roles attitude and romantic partner conflict among males: A Correlational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 573-589
Author(s):  
Swagata Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Romantic Partner ◽  
Gender Role Attitude ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
The One ◽  
Partner Conflict

Social norms and roles can affect our behavior and intrude on our alternatives. On the flip, that has an impact on and strain to comply may be constraining, specifically for individuals and personal goals for individuals who are much less aligned with the norms and roles of the one. Throughout the college years, a person socializing will increase to plenty volume. Chances of having a romantic relationship increase in those years of lifestyle. Exploring and being curious approximately the opposite genders and the eagerness to be in a courting with the alternative gender boom at its height So, conventional roles can also make it more difficult for a few individuals to proportion their precise characteristics, live true to their personal socio-sexual preferences, and self-decide their conduct in relationships. Provided that those man or woman possibilities and behaviors are crit for enjoyable relationships is usually uncertain as to whether or not following conventional norms and roles of masculinity and femininity ultimately helps or hurts a relationship. Gender role attitude here refers to the beliefs held by individuals towards any specific gender as measured by the Gender Role Attitude Scale (GRAS). The instrument was developed by Prof. Dr. Simge Zeyneloölu to determine attitudes towards gender roles. Another scale used was Romantic partner conflict which refers to the everyday conflicts faced by individuals in relationships and how they handle the conflict. The scale was introduced by Tammy L. Zacchill, purpose of this scale is to measure conflict experienced by individuals in romantic relationships. The study aims at seeing the relationship between gender role attitudes and romantic partner conflict among males.

scholarly journals Playing it straight: kindergarten children's perspectives on gender in play materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameera Ali
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Gender Performativity ◽  
Children’S Perspectives ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
Suggested Keywords ◽  
Play Materials ◽  
Gender Specific

This study focuses on the perspectives of kindergarten children regarding their perceptions of gender appropriateness of play materials. The theory of gender performativity has been used as a theoretical lens for the study. Six kindergarten children between the ages of four and five were individually interviewed about whether they believed toys to be gender-specific or gender-neutral. Results indicated that children displayed gender-stereotype knowledge as well as an understanding that toys can be gender-neutral, however, they were generally perceived to be gender-specific. Themes found include: perceptions of play materials as gender-neutral, perceptions of play materials as male-appropriate, perceptions of play materials as female-appropriate, notions of gender stereotypes, gender-role flexibility, contingent gender-role flexibility and external knowledge sources. Implications of these results regarding both gender-conforming as well as gender-non conforming children are provided and recommendations for educators are suggested. Keywords: gender performativity; children; masculinity; femininity; heteronormativity; toys; gender stereotypes, gender roles, gender non-conforming behaviour

scholarly journals GENDER PERSPEKTIF ETIKA PESANTREN (Studi Tentang Kepemimpinan Kiai dan Nyai Tentang Sosialisasi Gender di Lingkungan Sosial Pondok Pesantren Wahidhasyim Sleman Yogyakarta)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-332
Author(s):  
Erfan Efendi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Socialization ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Gender Construction ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Women In Islam

Gender socialization in pesantren is a top priority because gender construction in pesantren is very dependent on how gender identity is also formed through how strong the socialization process is. The identity formed in the pesantren will then become a reference for the students to socialize or interact with the environment outside the pesantren. From that, the issue of gender or equal partnerships between men and women, which was previously known as the increase in the position of the role of women in Islam, has increasingly attracted a lot of progress and success. There are two orientations in socializing gender in pesantren, namely: first, strengthening the normativity of gender roles . This role is performed by most of the kyai, nyai, and teachers. Second, prioritizing gender role textuality. This motive is carried out by a small number of madrasah teachers and badal kyai and nyai when conducting recitation at the pesantren. The problem is the focus of this research discussion. First, what is the role of kyai and nyai leadership in gender socialization at the Wahid Hasyim Islamic boarding school, Sleman Yogyakarta. Second, how to implement gender criteria in the regulations of the Wahid Hasyim Sleman Yogyakarta Islamic boarding school. Third, how is the implementation of the santri behavior of the Wahid Hasyim Sleman Yogyakarta Islamic boarding school. Sosialisasi gender di pesantren menjadi prioritas utama sebab konstruksi gender yang ada di pesantren sangat bergantung pada bagaimana identitas gender juga dibentuk melalui seberapa kuat proses sosialisasinya. Identitas yang terbentuk di pesantren selanjutnya akan menjadi acuan para santri untuk bermasyarakat ataupun berinteraksi dengan lingkungan di luar pesantren. Dari itu, persoalan gender atau kemitra sejajaran antara laki-laki dan perempuan yang sebelumnya dikenal dengan peningkatan kedudukan peran perempuan dalam Islam semakin menarik banyak kemajuan dan keberhasilan.Terdapat dua orientasi dalam mensosialisasikan gender di pesantren, yaitu: pertama, menguatkan normativitas peran-peran gender. Peran ini dilakukan oleh sebagian besar para kyai, nyai, dan guru. Kedua, mengedepankan tekstualitas peran gender. Motif ini dilakukan oleh sebagian kecil guru madrasah dan badal kyai serta nyai ketika melakukan pengajian di pesantren. Adapun problem yang menjadi fokus pembahasan penelitian ini. Pertama, Bagaiman peran kepemimpinan kyai dan nyai dalam sosialisasi gender di pesantren Wahid Hasyim Sleman Yogyakarta. Kedua, Bagaimana implementasi kesteraan gender dalam peraturan pesantren Wahid Hasyim Sleman Yogyakarta. Ketiga, bagaimana implementasi pada perilaku santri pesantren Wahid Hasyim Sleman Yogyakarta.

A social role perspective on trust repair

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1045-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayna Frawley ◽  
Jennifer A. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Social Role Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trust Repair ◽  
Gender Egalitarianism ◽  
And Training ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to apply insights from social role theory to trust repair, highlighting the underexplored implications of gender. Trust repair may be more difficult following violations that are incongruent with the transgressor’s gender role. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews research on trust repair, particularly Kim et al.’s (2004, 2006) discovery that apologizing with internal attributions is best for ability-related violations and denying responsibility is best for integrity-related violations. Propositions about trust repair are grounded in attribution and social role theory. Findings Trust violations may incur a bigger backlash when they are incongruent with gender roles, particularly for individuals in gender-incongruent professions and cultures with low gender egalitarianism. Men may find ability-related violations more difficult to repair. Women may find repairing benevolence and integrity-related violations more difficult. When apologies are offered, attributions that are consistent with gender roles (internal attributions for men, external attributions for women) may be most effective. Practical implications Gender can be a relevant factor in trust repair. Policies and training addressing conflict should consider how these differences manifest. Originality/value Gender role differences have largely been overlooked in trust repair. By integrating social role theory and exploring benevolence-based violations, this paper offers a more complete understanding of trust repair.

Teacher’s Belief in Enhancing Children Imagination Through Children Malay Traditional Song

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Azli Ariffin ◽  
Saedah Siraj ◽  
Abdul Talib Bin Mohamed Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Preschool Teachers ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Traditional Song ◽  
Teacher's Beliefs

The purpose of this study is to examine the teacher’s beliefs on imagination construction of preschool children in class, explore and understand the beliefs of preschool teachers on the concept of imagination and understand the beliefs of teachers on using children traditional Malay songs to improve preschool children's imagination. This exploratory study adopted the use of qualitative method of inquiry to provide an in-depth understanding of the area being investigated. Interview and observation of four preschool teachers were purposively selected from two government schools were used to collected data. Findings revealed that all the teachers in this study expressed their views that All the teachers involved in this study expressed their views that imagination is related to creativity and it is regarded as fundamental to the child's ability to be creative. All the teachers also believe that children traditional Malay songs can boost the child's imagination because such songs have the characteristics that suit well with children. Hence the songs are easy to be appreciated and understood by the children and indirectly it can simplify the process of building child's imagination.

scholarly journals Playing it straight: kindergarten children's perspectives on gender in play materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameera Ali
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Gender Performativity ◽  
Children’S Perspectives ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
Suggested Keywords ◽  
Play Materials ◽  
Gender Specific

This study focuses on the perspectives of kindergarten children regarding their perceptions of gender appropriateness of play materials. The theory of gender performativity has been used as a theoretical lens for the study. Six kindergarten children between the ages of four and five were individually interviewed about whether they believed toys to be gender-specific or gender-neutral. Results indicated that children displayed gender-stereotype knowledge as well as an understanding that toys can be gender-neutral, however, they were generally perceived to be gender-specific. Themes found include: perceptions of play materials as gender-neutral, perceptions of play materials as male-appropriate, perceptions of play materials as female-appropriate, notions of gender stereotypes, gender-role flexibility, contingent gender-role flexibility and external knowledge sources. Implications of these results regarding both gender-conforming as well as gender-non conforming children are provided and recommendations for educators are suggested. Keywords: gender performativity; children; masculinity; femininity; heteronormativity; toys; gender stereotypes, gender roles, gender non-conforming behaviour

scholarly journals Contribution of Children’s Self- Organised Musical Activities to the Lifelong Learning of Preschool Teachers / Doprinos djetetovih samoorganiziranih glazbenih aktivnosti cjeloživotnom učenju odgojitelja

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vendi Lizačić ◽  
Blaženka Bačlija Sušić
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Preschool Teachers ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Musical Skills ◽  
And Training ◽  
Musical Activities

The aim of the paper is to point out the importance of children’s active, exploratorymanner of acquiring musical skills and knowledge in authentic processes ofperforming, creating, and listening to music as a form of a constructivist paradigmwithin the framework of music education (Webster, 2011; Wiggins, 2016). Withadequate support and motivation from teachers during the process of education,such activities can develop into the child’s self-organised musical activities. Duringthe conducted action research (AR), children’s musical activities were encouraged,tracked, and documented. With the appropriate support (“scaffolding”) andmotivation from preschool teachers, they have developed into self-organised creativemusical activities of children. It was concluded that a stimulating spatial and materialenvironment, active participation of children in the creation and organisation ofmusical activities, as well as adequate and unobtrusive encouragement and supportfrom preschool teachers can affect the increase in the frequency of self-organisedcreative and musical activities of children in the process of education. Throughthe AR, preschool teachers enrich and develop their competencies necessary forimplementing high-quality creative and musical activities, which are importantfor children and their development. The spontaneity and creativity of the childand the direct experience in musical and creative activities are forms of lifelongprofessional development and training of preschool teachers, who, because of thechildren, reinvent and excite their own, often repressed, creativity.Keywords: action research; lifelong learning of preschool teachers; preschool children;self-organised musical and creative activities. - U radu se želi ukazati na značaj djetetova aktivnoga, istraživačkog načina usvajanjaglazbenih vještina i znanja u autentičnim procesima izvođenja, stvaranja i slušanjaglazbe kao oblika konstruktivističke paradigme u okviru glazbenoga obrazovanja(Webster, 2011; Wiggins, 2016). Uz adekvatnu podršku i poticaj odgojitelja u odgojnoobrazovnomprocesu, takve aktivnosti mogu prerasti u djetetove samoorganiziraneglazbene aktivnosti. Tijekom provedenoga akcijskog istraživanja (AI) poticane su,praćene i dokumentirane djetetove glazbene aktivnosti koje su uz primjerenu podršku(„scaffolding“) i poticaj odgojitelja, prerasle u samoorganizirane glazbeno-stvaralačkeaktivnosti djece. Zaključeno je da poticajno prostorno-materijalno okruženje, aktivnosudjelovanje djece u kreiranju i organiziranju glazbenih aktivnosti te adekvatno inenametljivo poticanje i podrška odgojitelja, mogu utjecati na povećanje učestalostisamoorganiziranih glazbeno-stvaralačkih aktivnosti djece u odgojno-obrazovnomprocesu. Putem AI, odgojitelj obogaćuje i razvija svoje kompetencije koje su potrebneza provođenje kvalitetnih i za djecu i njihov razvoj značajnih glazbeno-stvaralačkihaktivnosti. Djetetova spontanost i kreativnost te neposredni doživljaj pri glazbenostvaralačkimaktivnostima, predstavljaju oblik cjeloživotnoga profesionalnog razvojai učenja odgojitelja koji, zahvaljujući djetetu, ponovno otkriva i pobuđuje svoj čestozatomljeni kreativni potencijal.Ključne riječi: akcijsko istraživanje; cjeloživotno učenje odgojitelja; djeca predškolskedobi; samoorganizirane glazbeno-stvaralačke aktivnosti.

Leader-Gender Stereotypes in Female Congenial Workplaces

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhvani Patel
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Preschool Teachers ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Gender Role Identity ◽  
Preliminary Information

The present study is an attempt to study the attribution patterns of employees toward descriptions of leaders in a female congenial workplace. 100 preschool teachers employed at various playschools located in Vadodara city served as sample for the study. The sample respondents completed a questionnaire that comprised of preliminary information and the Indian Gender Role Identity Scale (IGRIS) by Basu (2010). The data thus generated was subjected to ascending means to find out the frequency with which adjectives were chosen from the Scale. The results revealed that a leader in a female congenial workplace is largely described with masculine adjectives and lesser with feminine adjectives.

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