scholarly journals The Gender Role Attitude Scale (GRAS) as an alternative for the crisis in measurement of attitudes towards gender roles in Latin America: A study in Chilean university students

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-576
Author(s):  
Beatriz Pérez Sánchez ◽  
Andrés Concha-Salgado ◽  
Asunción Fernández-Suárez ◽  
Joel Juarros-Basterretxea ◽  
Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
University Students ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Gender Role Attitude ◽  
Floor Effect ◽  
Stereotyped Attitudes ◽  
The Revolution

Hemos experimentado cambios socioculturales que han favorecido el desarrollo de actitudes de roles de género (GRA) más igualitarias. Sin embargo, actualmente la revolución en los roles de género está incompleta y la falta de equidad en las estructuras sociales limita las experiencias individuales en igualdad. Ante esta realidad, la comunidad científica exige un sistema modernizado para medir GRA. Presentamos adaptación, evidencia de validez factorial y convergente, precisión, efecto techo y piso, normas de interpretación por sexo, y análisis del GRA más fácil y difícil de modificar, para la Escala de Actitudes de Rol de Género (EARG) en muestra de 1013 universitarios chilenos. La EARG tiene una estructura bifactorial que evalúa actitudes estereotipadas y trascendentes en contextos familiares, sociales y laborales. Presenta validez convergente con una medida de doble estándar sexual y es más confiable en puntajes bajos de trascendencia y puntajes altos de actitudes estereotipadas. El factor trascendente tuvo un efecto techo, y las actitudes estereotipadas un efecto suelo. Los roles familiares de género son los más fáciles de cambiar, y los relacionados con el trabajo los más difíciles. Se discute la necesidad de un cambio estructural para reactivar la revolución de los roles de género en Chile. We have experienced sociocultural changes, which have favoured the development of egalitarian gender role attitudes (GRA). Nevertheless, the revolution in gender roles is incomplete, and the lack of equity in social structures limits the individual experiences in equality. In the face of this reality, the scientific community is demanding a modernised system for measuring GRA. We present adaptation, evidence of factorial and convergent validity, accuracy, ceiling and floor effect, norms of interpretation by sex, and analyses of the GRA easiest or most difficult to modify, for the Gender Role Attitudes Scale (GRAS) in a sample of 1013 Chilean university students. The GRAS has a two-factor structure that allows the evaluation of stereotyped and transcendent attitudes of gender roles in family, social, and work contexts. The scale presents convergent validity with a sexual double standard measure and is more reliable in the low scores of transcendence and the high scores of stereotyped attitudes. Transcendent factor had a ceiling effect, and stereotyped attitudes had a floor effect. Family gender roles are the easiest to change, and work-related roles the most difficult. The authors discuss the need for a structural change to reactivate the revolution of gender roles in Chile.

Gender Differences In University Students’ Attitude Towards Gender Roles

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-298
Author(s):  
Subha Malik ◽  
Madiha Nadeem ◽  
Farhat Nadeem
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
University Students ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Social Activists ◽  
The University

Gender role attitudes indicate the dynamics of gender relations in any society. As gender equality is now considered an important indicator of development for any country. Therefore, it is imperative to comprehend the societal especially youth acuity towards gender roles in a culture. This paper examined the university students’ attitude towards gender roles by employing Gender Roles Attitude Scale (Zeyneloglu & Terzioglu, 2011). The objective was to understand whether the attitude of youth towards gender role was egalitarian or traditional. For this purpose, a survey was conducted by taking a sample of 513 respondents conveniently from various universities of Lahore, both descriptive and inferential statistics data were used for data analyses. The results revealed significant gender differences in respondents’ perception, as male students’ approach towards gender roles was found more egalitarian than females. Furthermore, residential cities and socioeconomic background of respondents’ parents was found important in shaping their approach towards gender roles. Findings suggested that parents’ role in the socialization of children may be deemed first critical step towards nurturing gender sensitized society along with the incorporation of gender aspects in academic curriculum across the discipline at the different educational level in Pakistan. Moreover, government and social activists may advocate gender sensitivity by using various programs and policies.

scholarly journals Traditional gender roles attitude and romantic partner conflict among males: A Correlational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 573-589
Author(s):  
Swagata Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Romantic Partner ◽  
Gender Role Attitude ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
The One ◽  
Partner Conflict

Social norms and roles can affect our behavior and intrude on our alternatives. On the flip, that has an impact on and strain to comply may be constraining, specifically for individuals and personal goals for individuals who are much less aligned with the norms and roles of the one. Throughout the college years, a person socializing will increase to plenty volume. Chances of having a romantic relationship increase in those years of lifestyle. Exploring and being curious approximately the opposite genders and the eagerness to be in a courting with the alternative gender boom at its height So, conventional roles can also make it more difficult for a few individuals to proportion their precise characteristics, live true to their personal socio-sexual preferences, and self-decide their conduct in relationships. Provided that those man or woman possibilities and behaviors are crit for enjoyable relationships is usually uncertain as to whether or not following conventional norms and roles of masculinity and femininity ultimately helps or hurts a relationship. Gender role attitude here refers to the beliefs held by individuals towards any specific gender as measured by the Gender Role Attitude Scale (GRAS). The instrument was developed by Prof. Dr. Simge Zeyneloölu to determine attitudes towards gender roles. Another scale used was Romantic partner conflict which refers to the everyday conflicts faced by individuals in relationships and how they handle the conflict. The scale was introduced by Tammy L. Zacchill, purpose of this scale is to measure conflict experienced by individuals in romantic relationships. The study aims at seeing the relationship between gender role attitudes and romantic partner conflict among males.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER ROLE ATTITUDES AND EPISTEMOLOGICAL BELIEFS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Çuhadaroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
University Students ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Epistemological Beliefs ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Study Group ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, the relationships between university students and their perceptions of gender roles and epistemological beliefs were investigated. Gender roles are a phenomenon that are determined by culture, and begin to emerge at an early age, which may include some stereotypical behaviors along with a number of attitudes, duties and obligations that the individual is expected to perform as a woman or a man. Epistemological belief is seen as an individual feature of how knowing and learning take place. In this study, a mixed method was used. The quantitative study group consists of 517 students from both universities, while the qualitative study group consists of 85 people. Gender Role Attitudes Scale and Epistemological Beliefs Scale were used to collect quantitative data. In order to obtain qualitative data, participants were given a form consisting of open-ended questions. According to the analyses, it was determined that there was a significant relationship between the participants' epistemological beliefs and gender roles attitudes and, epistemological beliefs were a significant predictor of gender roles attitudes. The results obtained are discussed in line with the existing literature. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0798/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals Teacher Candidates’ Gender Role Attitudes: Case of Adıyaman University

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-113
Author(s):  
Beril Nisa Yaşar
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Elementary Education ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Science Teacher Education ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Primary School Teacher ◽  
Cross Sectional

The aim of this study is to determine gender role attitudes of fourth-grade students using descriptive and cross-sectional analysis by applying a questionnaire and Gender Roles Attitude Scale developed by Zeyneloglu and Terzioglu. Participants used in the study are made up of 187 fourthgrade students at the Department of Elementary Education (namely Primary School Teacher Education, Elementary Mathematics Teacher Education, Social Sciences Teacher Education, and Science Teacher Education). The results reveal the egalitarian attitudes among students for the sub-dimensions named egalitarian gender role (mean score: 29.05), female gender role (mean score: 24.37), marriage gender role (mean score: 19.67), traditional gender role (mean score: 23.41) and male gender role (mean score 17.24). Average and median Gender Roles Attitude Scale scores of respondent students were found to differ according to the type of department, the high school that they graduated from, and the person effective in choosing the department of students.

scholarly journals Testing the Goodness of the EVS Gender Role Attitudes Scale

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Lomazzi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Gender Role Attitude ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Fourth Wave

This study provides a critical evaluation of the gender role attitude scale included in the fourth wave of the European Values Study. The goodness of this scale is tested considering first of all its reliability and the stability of the factorial structure. The results suggest caution in the use of this instrument: the scale presents a deep variation in reliability across countries and its configuration is not stable, displaying several different factor structures from one country to another. In considering the source of this instability, this study addresses a priming effect due to questions introduced in 2008 immediately prior to the use of the gender role attitudes scale that modified the context of response.

Gender Role Attitudes in the International Social Survey Programme: Cross-National Comparability and Relationships to Cultural Values

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Lomazzi ◽  
Daniel Seddig
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Measurement Equivalence ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
International Social Survey Programme ◽  
International Social ◽  
Societal Views

Differences in societal views on the roles of men and women have been addressed in many large-scale comparative studies by employing indicators of gender roles attitudes from cross-sectional surveys. Assuming that cross-country differences in gender role attitudes are linked to the prevailing cultural value orientations in each society, this study aims at investigating the association between societal views on gender roles, as measured by the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), and the prevailing cultural values, as defined by Schwartz’s theory. However, to carry out meaningful comparisons, we first assessed the prerequisite of measurement equivalence between countries. The comparability of gender role attitudes is limited when using traditional methods based on the concept of exact equivalence (multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis). However, the recently established alignment optimization procedure reveals approximate measurement equivalence and suggests that the mean comparison is trustworthy. Based on these results, we correlate the national mean levels of gender role attitudes with the cultural values of embeddedness, hierarchy and egalitarianism, showing that traditional gender roles are displayed in societies emphasizing hierarchy and embeddedness while progressive views are more expressed in egalitarian societies.

scholarly journals Mexican–American Adolescents’ Gender Role Attitude Development: The Role of Adolescents’ Gender and Nativity and Parents’ Gender Role Attitudes

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 2041-2053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Updegraff ◽  
Susan M. McHale ◽  
Katharine H. Zeiders ◽  
Adriana J. Umaña-Taylor ◽  
Norma J. Perez-Brena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Gender Role Attitude ◽  
Mexican American Adolescents ◽  
Attitude Development

The Measurement of Gender-Role Attitudes

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen C. McHugh ◽  
Irene Hanson Frieze
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Ambivalent Sexism ◽  
Attitudes Toward Women ◽  
Occupational Activity ◽  
Gender Role Attitude ◽  
Attitude Measures ◽  
Attitude Scales ◽  
Sociohistorical Context

This article reviews measures of gender-role attitudes with an emphasis on The Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS; Spence & Helmreich, 1972); the Sex Role Egalitarianism Scale (SRES; Beere, King, Beere, & King, 1984); the Modern Sexism Scale (MS; Swim, Aikin, Hall, & Hunter, 1995); the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI; Click & Fiske, 1996), and the Children's Occupational Activity Trait-Attitude Measure (COAT-AM; Bigler, Liben, Lobliner, & Yekel, 1995). The discussion of gender-role attitude measures focuses on the following themes: psychometric criteria; theoretical and conceptual distinctions among measures; domains of attitudes and behaviors included; relationship to other measures; and the meaningfulness and relevance of items. Gender-role attitude scales are viewed as measuring gender-role ideology in a particular sociohistorical context; context-specificity is viewed as contributing to the proliferation of scales, and as limiting the usefulness of scales across cultural and temporal boundaries.

scholarly journals Gender Role Attitudes and Parents’ Intention to Continue Childbearing in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serap Kavas
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Fertility Decision ◽  
Intention To Continue ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Significant Factors

It is increasingly acknowledged that gender (in-) equality is one of the most significant factors underlying change in fertility behavior. Researchers have extensively studied the link between gender (in-) equality and fertility decision-making in various settings. However, most of these studies have focused on industrialized countries in North America, Europe, and East Asia, while very few examine this relationship in a non-western, developing country context. Employing individual-level survey data, this paper examines the relationship between parents’ gender role attitudes and their fertility intentions for an additional child in urban Turkey, surveyed in 2014. The findings of this study show that parents’ attitudes toward gender roles were not an important predictor of fertility decision-making in Turkey. This study suggests that the lack of significant findings supporting the expected association may be related to the measurement of gender role attitudes, suggesting a need to construct a measure that addresses culture-specific aspects of gender roles. This study contributes to the literature by providing a new data point, Turkey, and bringing a comparative perspective to the existing research.

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