FACIES ASSOCIATIONS AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF THE MISSISSIPPIAN ENDICOTT GROUP IN THE NATIONAL PETROLEUM RESERVE – ALASKA (NPRA)

2001 ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory C. Wilson ◽  
Joseph H. McGowen ◽  
Jerry H. Veidhuis
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Facies Associations

APPROACHES TO PALAEOGEOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTIONS OF THE LATROBE GROUP, GIPPSLAND BASIN, SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bernecker ◽  
A.D. Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Petroleum Systems ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Depositional System ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Marine Fossils ◽  
Coal Accumulation ◽  
Gippsland Basin

In the Gippsland Basin, the seaward extent of paralic coal occurrences can be mapped in successive time slices through the Paleocene and Eocene to provide a series of straight to gently arcuate surrogate palaeoshorelines within the petroliferous Latrobe Group. Palaeogeographic reconstructions that incorporate this information provide a unique perspective on the changes affecting a siliciclastic depositional system on a passive continental margin where basin development has been primarily controlled by thermal sag. In contrast, the absence of calcareous marine fossils and lack of extensive, widespread and thick fine-grained sediments on the marine shelf and continental slope, beyond the seaward limits of coal accumulation, have contributed to the false impression that the Latrobe Group accumulated in a largely non-marine basin. Based on the proposed model for palaeoshoreline delineation, seismic data, sequence analysis, petrography and palynology can be integrated to subdivide the main depositional environments into distinct facies associations that can be used to predict the distribution of petroleum systems elements in the basin. The application of such palaeogeographic models to the older section of the Latrobe Group can improve the identification of these petroleum systems elements in as yet unexplored parts of the Gippsland Basin. Given the recent attention paid to the basin as a CO2 storage province, palaeogeographic interpretations may be able to assist with the selection of appropriate injection sites.

scholarly journals Interpretation and Reconstruction of Depositional Environment and Petroleum Source Rock Using Outcrop Gamma-ray Log Spectrometry From the Huai Hin Lat Formation, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chawisa Phujareanchaiwon ◽  
Piyaphong Chenrai ◽  
Kasira Laitrakull
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Turbidity Currents ◽  
Stratigraphic Framework ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Mineral Compositions ◽  
Gamma Ray Log ◽  
Low K

Gamma ray logs are most useful in identifying subsurface lithology and interpreting depositional environments. This study highlights the use of outcrop gamma-ray logs along with outcrop observations and total organic carbon (TOC) analysis to provide the stratigraphic framework of the organic-rich rocks of Huai Hin Lat Formation in central Thailand. The study reveals five sedimentary facies including (1) structureless sandstone, (2) structured sandstone, (3) interbedded sandstone and siltstone, (4) interbedded mudstone and siltstone and (5) calcareous mudstone. These facies can be grouped into two facies associations; mudstone-dominated and sandstone-dominated facies associations. The depositional environment was interpreted as lacustrine basin-fill subdivided into deep lacustrine environment and sublacustrine fan associated with the turbidity currents. The total gamma-log characteristics are closely related to the lithologies controlled primarily by clay mineral compositions. Whist, the use of spectral gamma-ray can reveal more details on depositional environments and conditions. In this study, U concentrations is proven to be useful in highlighting organic-rich rocks in low K and Th concentration successions due to its ability to be fixed in clay minerals and organic materials under an anoxic condition. Thus, the U spectral gamma ray is suggested to combine with conventional gamma ray log for depositional environment and recognition of organic-rich rocks.

Geodynamic Evolution of Datça Basin Since the Pliocene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ökmen Sümer ◽  
Fatih Seçkin Şiş ◽  
Meryem Dilan İnce ◽  
Çağlar Özkaymak ◽  
Levent Tosun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Western Anatolia ◽  
Geodynamic Evolution ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
The North ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Technological Research Council ◽  
Half Graben

<p>The slab edge processes related to the subduction of the African slab along the Aegean-Cyprian trench, beneath Anatolia, played a significant role in Cenozoic extension in western Anatolia. The Datça Basin, which includes various Late Miocene depositional environments characterised by continental to marine transitions, is a WSW-ESE trending asymmetric depression developed on the Datça Peninsula, which separates the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean Seas at the SW corner of Anatolia. Presently, the region is seismically active and is dominated by the E-W-trending Gökova Graben in the north and the NE-SW-trending Pliny-Strabo Trench in the south. Here, we conduct high resolution integrated stratigraphic study, that includes biostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy as well as kinematic studies involving paleostress analysis to unravel geodynamic evolution of the region within the context of Africa-Eurasia convergence.  </p><p> </p><p>Three prominent sequences separated by unconformities are recognised in the  Datça Basin; i) facies associations related to alluvial fan to fluvio-lacustrine deposits of Pliocene age, ii) facies extending from alluvial fan to fluvio-deltaic to marine incursions interlayered with two air-fall ash deposits of Pleistocene age, and iii) alluvial fan to fluvial to marine coastal facies of the modern basin infill. Integration of available information and our findings indicate that the basin experienced three distinct deformation phases associated with reactivation of pre-existing structures since Pliocene. First, the Datça Basin was initially developed as a transtensional basin in Pliocene possibly due to strike-slip deformation related to the Pliny-Strabo Trench, then orthogonal extensional deformation dominated and the basin evolved into a superimposed half-graben as a result of NNE to NNW directed extensional strain and subsequently became a full graben under N-S directed extension by the late Pliocene onwards.  </p><p>This research is supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) with Grant Number of 117R012.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Integrated stratigraphy, kinematics, basin evolution, Datça Basin, Southwestern Anatolia</p>

Outcrop analysis and facies model of an Upper Permian tidally influenced fluvio-deltaic system: Northern Sydney Basin, SE Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (10) ◽  
pp. 1715-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Breckenridge ◽  
Angelos G. Maravelis ◽  
Octavian Catuneanu ◽  
Kevin Ruming ◽  
Erin Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Region ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Upper Permian ◽  
Delta Front ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAn integrated study of sedimentological, sequence-stratigraphic and palaeodispersal analysis was applied to the Upper-Permian clastic sedimentary succession in the Northern Sydney Basin, Australia. The succession is subdivided into fifteen facies and three facies associations. The facies associations are further subdivided into eight sub-facies associations. The sedimentary evolution involves progradation from delta-front to delta-plain to fluvial depositional environments, with a significant increase in sediment grain size across the unconformable contact that separates the deltaic from the overlying fluvial system. In contrast to the delta front that is wave/storm- and/or river-influenced, the delta plain is significantly affected by tides, with the impact of tidal currents decreasing up-sequence in the delta plain. The general lack of wave-influenced sedimentary structures suggests low wave energy in the delta plain. The abrupt termination of the tidal impact in the fluvial realm relates to the steep topographic gradients and high sediment supply, which accompanied the uplift of the New England Orogen. The sequence-stratigraphic framework includes highstand (deltaic forest and topset) and lowstand (fluvial topset) systems tracts, separated by a subaerial unconformity. In contrast to most of the mud-rich modern counterparts, this is an example of a sand-rich tidally influenced deltaic system, developed adjacent to the source region. This investigation presents a depositional model for tidal successions in regions of tectonic uplift and confinement.

scholarly journals Controls of Depositional Environments on Reservoir Quality in Terms of Porosity and Permeability Gabo Field Niger Delta

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richmond Ideozu ◽  
Tochukwu Nduaguibe
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Reservoir Quality ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Sedimentary Structures ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
Distributary Channel

The controls of depositional environments on reservoir quality have been evaluated in terms of porosity and permeability of the Gabo Field, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Data used in this research include Well logs, Core data and photos, and grain size analysis for Wells 51 and 52 in the study area. Standard methods as applicable in petrophysical and sedimentological analysis has been adopted. Thirteen reservoir units have been identified in wells 51 and 52 which had 5 reservoirs cored each. The lithofacies units of the identified reservoirs across the study area, comprise pebbly sands, coarse -, medium -, fine- and very fine-grained sands, sandy mud, silty sands and heteroliths. The heteroliths – very fine-grained silty muds are highly bioturbated. Ophiomorpha and skolithos are the major trace fossils with sedimentary structures (ripple lamination, wavy lenticular and planar beds, cross bedded sands, coarsening and fining upward). The facies associations interpreted for the study area are Channel and Coastal barrier systems and the environment of deposition as distributary channel, upper and lower shoreface. The sedimentary processes that deposited facies ranged from high energy regimes, reworking by waves to low energy with periodic influx of silts and muds. The average porosity and permeability for reservoirs in Well 51 is 16.7% and 1317 Md, reservoirs in Well 52 is 28.2% and 2330Md whereas porosity range for the study area is 2% - 32% and permeability is 1.2 – 10600 Md. The reservoir quality reservoir of the sand units in Well 51 (7, 9 and 13) and Well 52 (5, 7, 9, 11 and 13) is excellent - good, this is because of the dynamics environments of deposition (upper shoreface and distributary channel) as well as the mechanisms that play out during deposition such as bioturbation, sorting, sedimentary structures formed. Whereas the poor quality across the reservoirs especially the lower shoreface and prodelta facies is as result of lack bioturbation, connectivity, multiplicity of burrows that may have been plugged by clay and intercalation of shale and sand (heteroliths). This research has shown that environments of deposition have direct influence the reservoir quality in terms of porosity and permeability.

scholarly journals Revised Upper Cenozoic stratigraphy of the Dutch sector of the North Sea Basin: towards an integrated lithostratigraphic, seismostratigraphic and allostratigraphic approach

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.F. Rijsdijk ◽  
S. Passchier ◽  
H.J.T. Weerts ◽  
C. Laban ◽  
R.J.W. van Leeuwen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
The North ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Stratigraphic Position ◽  
Upper Cenozoic ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Geologic Setting ◽  
Integrated Or

AbstractA revised Upper Cenozoic stratigraphic framework of the Dutch sector of the North Sea Basin is presented whereby offshore stratigraphic units are integrated or correlated with onshore units. The framework is based on an integrated stratigraphic approach that combines elements of lithostratigraphy, seismostratigraphy and allostratigraphy. Offshore formations are redefined in terms of seismofacies and lithofacies associations, and are differentiated on the basis of common genesis and stratigraphic position. These facies associations represent five major depositional environments, which occur in repetitive successions in the subsurface of the Netherlands: Marine, Coastal, Glacial, Fluvial, and Local Terrestrial. Five conceptual basin-wide bounding discontinuities are identified in the North Sea-Basin that span land and sea. They are represented by both seismostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic unconformities and interpreted as surfaces that formed as a result of North Sea Basin-wide changes in depositional systems. Their formation relates to sea level rise, continental-scale glaciations, and tectonic processes. The bounding discontinuities separate informal allostratigraphic groups of formations that have a grossly uniform geologic setting in common. While the allostratigraphic principles provide a view on the stratigraphy on the largest spatial and temporal scale, the genetic concept facilitates mapping on a local scale.

THE INFLUENCE OF DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND BASIN HISTORY ON THE TAPHONOMY OF MAMMALIAN ASSEMBLAGES FROM THE BARSTOW FORMATION (MIDDLE MIOCENE), CALIFORNIA

Palaios ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-190
Author(s):  
KATHARINE M. LOUGHNEY ◽  
CATHERINE BADGLEY
Keyword(s):  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Element Composition ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Skeletal Element ◽  
Ephemeral Wetland ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fossil Assemblages ◽  
Depositional Setting ◽  
Barstow Formation

ABSTRACT The Barstow Formation in the Mojave region of California was deposited in an extensional-basin setting of the Basin and Range province and preserves diverse middle Miocene mammalian assemblages. Six facies associations represent the dominant depositional environments in the basin, which changed through time from alluvial-fan and playa-dominated settings to floodplains and spring-fed wetlands. The majority of fossil localities and specimens occur in later-forming facies associations. We analyzed the taphonomic characteristics of fossil assemblages to test whether basin-scale facies associations or locality-scale facies exert more control on the preservational features of mammalian assemblages through the formation. We documented the facies settings of 47 vertebrate localities in the field in order to interpret depositional setting and the mode of accumulation for fossil assemblages. We evaluated skeletal material in museum collections for taphonomic indicators, including weathering stage, original bone-damage patterns, hydraulic equivalence, and skeletal-element composition. We evaluated four alternative modes of accumulation, including attritional accumulation on the land surface, accumulation by fluvial processes, carnivore or scavenger accumulations, and mass-death events. The majority of localities represent attritional accumulations at sites of long-term mortality in channel-margin, abandoned-channel, poorly drained floodplain, and ephemeral-wetland settings. Skeletal-element composition and taphonomic characteristics varied among facies, indicating an important role for depositional setting and landscape position on fossil-assemblage preservation. We find that locality-scale facies have a greater influence on the taphonomic characteristics of fossil assemblages; the taphonomy of each facies association is influenced by the facies that compose it. The facies composition and distribution within facies associations change through the formation, with a greater variety of depositional settings forming later in the history of the basin. Heterogeneous landscapes present more settings for fossil accumulation, contributing to the increase in fossil occurrence through the depositional history of the formation.

Thrust dissection control of deep-water clastic dispersal patterns in the Klematia–Paramythia foreland basin, western Greece

2000 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAVLOS AVRAMIDIS ◽  
ABRAHAM ZELILIDIS ◽  
NIKOLAOS KONTOPOULOS
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Submarine Fans ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Thrust Front ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Western Greece

The Klematia–Paramythia basin is an internal part of the middle Ionian zone of the Hellenide orogen in western Greece. It consists of Middle Eocene to Late Miocene turbidites, up to 3300 m thick, which were deposited in a series of submarine fans. Field studies suggest that the configuration and the depositional environments of the basin were affected by two tectonic phases. During the first tectonic phase, in Middle Eocene to Late Oligocene times, a foreland basin was formed west of the Pindos Thrust front. During the second tectonic phase, in the Early Miocene, the Ionian zone (a part of the foreland basin) was subdivided by internal thrusting into three sub-basins (internal, middle and external) and changed to a complex type foreland basin. Comparison of the type and facies associations of the turbidite deposits that accumulated within the basin suggests that these two tectonic phases had a significant effect on sedimentary dispersal patterns. During the first tectonic phase in the Klematia–Paramythia basin (when it was part of the foreland basin), fine-grained turbidites, up to 1050 m thick, accumulated on the distal part of a submarine fan. The lower part (900 m thick) of these deposits consists of thin to thick interbedded sandstone/mudstone beds which are interpreted as lobes and lobe-fringe (outer-fan) deposits. The upper parts (150 m thick) of these deposits are composed of very thin to thin siltstone/mudstone beds, representing a basin plain environment. During the second tectonic phase, sediments up to 2260 m thick were deposited in the Klematia–Paramythia basin. These deposits are interpreted as lobes and lobe-fringe (outer-fan) fine-grained turbidites in the central part of the basin, channel and interchannel deposits (inner-fan) in some areas of the periphery of the basin, and shelf deposits in the northern and southern terminations of the basin.

scholarly journals Facies Analysis and Depositional Environments of the Late Palaeozoic Coal-Bearing Madzaringwe Formation in the Tshipise-Pafuri Basin, South Africa

ISRN Geology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ntokozo Malaza ◽  
Kuiwu Liu ◽  
Baojin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Lower Member ◽  
Late Palaeozoic ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Middle Member

The late Palaeozoic coal-bearing Madzaringwe Formation of the Karoo Supergroup in the Tshipise-Pafuri Basin in the Limpopo Province, South Africa, records part of the infill of a passive continental margin terrain. Lithofacies analysis was performed with a view to deduce the nature of depositional environments of the Formation. Sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic evidence indicates that this unit represents a complex siliciclastic facies that reflects a fluvial paleodepositional environment. Eleven facies, which were grouped into five facies associations, were recognised. The base of the Madzaringwe Formation (Lower Member) represents a sequence deposited by braided channels. The coal deposits represent flood plain and swamp deposits, which is characterised by shale, thick coal seams, siltstone, and sandstone. The Middle Member is characterised by both clast and matrix supported conglomerates, major tubular and lenticular sandstones, and finely calcareous, micaceous siltstone. The deposition represents a sequence being formed from fluvial and particularly braided channels. The crudely stratified, coarse to pebbly sandstone indicates channel lag deposits within a heavy loaded fluvial system. The fine-grained sandstone represents deposition by shift channel and side bar deposits during lower flow conditions. The Upper Member is characterised by facies associations similar to the Lower Member, representing a new depositional cyclothem.

scholarly journals Sedimentary facies, stratigraphy, and depositional environments of the Ecca Group, Karoo Supergroup in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 748-781
Author(s):  
Christopher Baiyegunhi ◽  
Kuiwu Liu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Facies Analysis ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Borehole Data ◽  
Karoo Basin ◽  
Facies Associations

Abstract The stratigraphy of the Ecca Group has been subdivided into the Prince Albert, Whitehill, Collingham, Ripon, and Fort Brown Formations in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. In this article, we present detailed stratigraphic and facies analyses of borehole data and road-cut exposures of the Ecca Group along regional roads R67 (Ecca Pass), R344 (Grahamstown-Adelaide), R350 (Kirkwood-Somerset East), and national roads N2 (Grahamstown-Peddie) and N10 (Paterson-Cookhouse). Facies analysis of the Ecca Group in the study area was performed to deduce their depositional environments. Based on the lithological and facies characteristics, the stratigraphy of the Prince Albert, Whitehill, Collingham, and Fort Brown Formations is now subdivided into two informal members each, while the Ripon Formation is subdivided into three members. A total of twelve lithofacies were identified in the Ecca Group and were further grouped into seven distinct facies associations (FAs), namely: Laminated to thin-bedded black-greyish shale and mudstones (FA 1); Laminated black-greyish shale and interbedded chert (FA 2); Mudstone rhythmite and thin beds of tuff alternation (FA 3); Thin to thick-bedded sandstone and mudstone intercalation (FA 4); Medium to thick-bedded dark-grey shale (FA 5); Alternated thin to medium-bedded sandstone and mudstone (FA 6); and Varved mudstone rhythmite and sandstone intercalation (FA 7). The FAs revealed gradually change of sea-level from deep marine (FA 1, FA 2, FA 3 and FA 4, FA 5, and FA 6) to prodelta environment (FA 7). This implies that the main Karoo Basin was gradually filling up with Ecca sediments, resulting in the gradual shallowing up of the water depth of the depositional basin.

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